Ask the main types and functions of art

Painting, sculpture, architectural art, calligraphy (seal cutting), photography and arts and crafts.

"Art" refers to the use of certain materials, through composition, perspective, lighting and other artistic means, in a certain space to create an intuitive and visible plane image or three-dimensional image of the art. It is an art form that reflects social life and expresses artists' thoughts and feelings. Because it shapes and depicts the shape and appearance of concrete objects that people can feel with the help of vision, the shape of objects is the basis of art, and modeling is the special function of art, so we still call it plastic arts; Also, because the artistic image is developed in two or three dimensions, people also call it space art; Moreover, because the artistic image created by art is an integral part of the visual image of objective things, people feel its image through visual senses when they appreciate it, so art is also called visual art; From its way of existence, it is a kind of static art, and these statements all grasp the art form from different angles, and there is no absolute distinction.

The word art has gone through an evolutionary process in history. At first, people called all the techniques to beautify life art, such as beautifying the living environment of daily necessities, jewelry and clothing, and the techniques to reflect and express various aspects of life. In short, all the techniques of expressing beauty are art, and at this time, the word "Shu" as a verb is mainly prominent, that is, the art of beauty. Later, the word art was gradually used to refer to painting, sculpture, literature and music. At this time, although the word art has changed from a verb to a noun, it is not clearly distinguished from the word art. As history enters the modern era, the word "art" has gradually separated from the word "art" and gradually become an independent art category, specifically referring to static plastic arts, which collectively refer to static plastic arts such as painting, sculpture, architecture and arts and crafts as art. This is our definition of the basic object of art today.

As one of the four major art forms, plastic arts (fine arts) belong to the art of social ideology, just like language arts, sound arts and performing arts. It has not only the general laws of social ideology and art, but also its own special laws of plastic arts. The particularity of art lies in that it is a static visual art that is artificially shaped. It is an art that artists use certain material and tools to create visible plane and three-dimensional images to reflect their lives and ideals.

People who are familiar with art theory always understand art as painting. Painting is indeed the main variety of art, but it is not the only one, because art also includes sculpture, architecture, arts and crafts and so on. However, painting is the basic variety of art. Why is painting the most important art?

Painting is the most important category in fine arts. It is an art that artists create artistic images with certain form, shape, texture, color and sense of space on paper, textiles, boards and walls. Pen and knife are used as tools, pigment, ink, oil and water are used as performance materials, and dots and lines of light and shade and dots and lines of color are used as forms. This rich and creative picture is not only a reflection of life, but also a reflection of the painter's world outlook and thoughts and feelings. It has cognitive function, aesthetic function and educational function.

As far as the types and forms of painting are concerned, officials are the most colorful in the whole art category. From the perspective of painting materials, it can be divided into: Chinese painting, oil painting, acrylic painting, printmaking, watercolor painting, gouache painting, mosaic painting, lacquer painting, iron painting, sketch, sketch and so on. The theme can be divided into: figure painting, animal painting, landscape painting, still life painting, historical painting, religious painting, genre painting and so on. From the form of picture frame, it can be divided into: single painting, three-layer painting, group painting and comic book. Functionally, it can be divided into: posters, advertising pictures, murals, New Year pictures, comics, comic books, Japanese books and so on. Various materials and tools can be used to make paintings with different themes, frame forms and functions. For example, oil painting can be used to draw figure paintings, still life paintings, historical paintings, religious paintings, genre paintings, posters, comic books and illustrations, and Chinese painting can also be used to draw these kinds of paintings. Painting is not only rich in types and forms, but also has obvious differences in artistic styles, forms and means among different countries and nations due to different political, economic and cultural traditions. It is generally believed that oriental painting developed from ancient Egyptian, Persian, Indian, China and other oriental civilizations, and western painting developed from ancient Greece and Rome centered on European forces are the two major painting systems in the world. These two painting systems have influenced each other in history and made their own unique and important contributions to human civilization. The plasticity of painting itself determines that it has great freedom and creativity. It can not only express the real space world, but also express the imaginary world beyond time and space. Painters can express their unique feelings and understanding of life and ideals through painting. Group painting is a kind of visual static art, which can appreciate, ponder and experience the aesthetic form and content in painting for a long time, so it is the most easily accepted and loved art.

The form of art

At all times and all over the world, the types of art are rich and varied. With the development of science and technology, the influence of industrial production and the improvement of human creation and appreciation, modern art is even more colorful, with new trends of thought, new varieties and new styles emerging one after another, while contemporary art has formed an irresistible trend with its diversified trend.

The works of art in the world can be divided into painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art, design, calligraphy, industrial design, decorative art and so on, and can be further subdivided from different angles. For example, calligraphy can be divided into seal script, official script, cursive script, running script and regular script. Each of these subclasses can be further divided. For example, seal script also includes Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, bronze inscriptions in Zhou Dynasty, seal script in Warring States and seal script in Qin Dynasty. The above classification is a broad classification, and the narrow classification generally only refers to painting, sculpture, architecture, arts and crafts, etc.

From the perspective of use, art can also be divided into two systems: pure art and arts and crafts. The so-called art mainly refers to painting, calligraphy, sculpture, seal cutting, and sometimes music and poetry that meet the needs of spiritual entertainment and appreciation. Because these fine arts condense social and cultural consciousness and aesthetic consciousness, some people sometimes call them literary fine arts; The so-called arts and crafts are generally divided into two categories: practical arts and special handicrafts, mainly including architecture, gardens, arts and crafts and industrial design. These arts have a certain utilitarian purpose and can meet people's material needs for food, clothing, housing and transportation. Of course, this division is not absolute. Such as weaving handicrafts, toys, silk flower, etc. , between practical and pure appreciation. It can be seen that pure art does not exclude utilitarian purposes, and arts and crafts cannot completely abandon the purpose of pursuing beauty.