Development course of agricultural production cooperatives

Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), agricultural production cooperatives in revolutionary base areas were organized by individuals. For example, during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, a socialist agricultural production cooperative appeared in Ansai County, northern Shaanxi. Because it was in the stage of new-democratic revolution, it was not popularized. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), China * * * Production Party led farmers to actively organize agricultural cooperatives. 1950, there were only 19 agricultural production cooperatives, including 0/8 primary cooperatives and 0/senior cooperatives. 195 1 At the end of the year, there were 0/30 cooperatives, including 0/29 primary cooperatives and 0/senior cooperatives. Two years later, when The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC) issued the resolution on agricultural production cooperatives on February 6, the number of agricultural production cooperatives had increased to more than 15,000, including15,000 primary cooperatives and15 senior cooperatives. 1954, agricultural cooperatives grew to more than 1 14000, including primary cooperatives 1 14000 and 200 advanced cooperatives. At that time, it was mainly a primary school. 1after criticizing the "right deviation" in July, 955, agricultural production cooperatives developed rapidly, a large number of primary cooperatives were transformed into advanced cooperatives, and many mutual aid groups and individual farmers were directly merged into advanced cooperatives. By the end of 1956, there were 750,000 agricultural production cooperatives, including 2 1 10,000 primary cooperatives and 540,000 advanced cooperatives. The number of farmers participating in advanced cooperatives accounts for 88% of the total number of farmers in China, which indicates that the socialist transformation of ownership of rural means of production in China has been basically completed.

1September, 958, the people's commune movement was launched, and the commune was realized at the end of the year. Later, after many adjustments, the "three-level ownership, team-oriented" was implemented, and agricultural production cooperatives became the production teams of people's communes. 1979, inspired by the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in China, the majority of members and grassroots cadres reformed the rural people's commune system. Some people's communes changed their original production teams into agricultural production cooperatives after the separation of government and society, and agricultural production cooperatives also changed their business forms and production organization forms because of the implementation of the agricultural contract responsibility system. After the major adjustment of socialist relations of production in rural areas, it has become a socialist cooperative economic organization more suitable for China's national conditions.