How did modern architecture in China evolve?

Characteristics of China Architecture in the 20th Century

From the mid-9th century to the 20th century100th year, the architectural style of China has undergone great changes, including both general types that developed in parallel with western architectural styles and special types that were restricted by local social culture in China. Whether and how to combine new content, old form and Chinese and foreign architectural forms has always been the main line of modern architectural style changes. Seeking the way of combining the style of the times with the national style has always been the theme of architectural art creation.

China architecture in the 20th century broke the stereotype that traditional architecture is closed and introverted. The aesthetic concept that focuses on expressing the artistic conception of space highlights the public and open viewing function, which is consistent with the aesthetic concept that western architecture attaches importance to expressing physical modeling at the same time. China's architectural art in the 20th century contains two contents: first, some large-scale and memorable buildings still attach great importance to the social value and aesthetic function of plastic arts, and express certain spiritual connotations in concrete forms, such as banks and customs, which often adopt solemn and luxurious western classical forms to show their abundant wealth; Some government agencies and memorial buildings absorb traditional forms to show the spirit of inheriting traditional culture and carrying forward the quintessence of the country. Secondly, most civil buildings generally only start from aesthetic taste, on the one hand, they pursue fashion novelty, and at the same time, they are influenced by traditional aesthetic taste. /kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, foreign-style storefronts, foreign schools, foreign theaters and urban alleys were all so-called forms of combining Chinese and Western styles, which later became more popular in the West. After 1980s, the form of pursuing local flavor rose again.

The drastic changes in urban functions in the 20th century have fundamentally affected the traditional environmental art, and the original group sequential art and environmental scale are far from being able to adapt to the new functions. First of all, different cities and different neighborhoods have different requirements for openness and publicity, and different styles of group environments have emerged. For example, the embassy district in Beijing, the administrative districts of Qingdao, Dalian and Harbin, the financial and commercial districts and senior residential districts in Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou, the political organs districts in Nanjing and Changchun, and the emerging commercial districts in major cities. Secondly, with the input of modern urban planning theory, the art of group composition of cities and blocks has also been introduced, which has made some cities and blocks appear new styles. At first, it was German, Russian, British, Japanese, etc., and later it was extended to the conscious overall management of the whole city. From the early 20th century to the 1930s, most major cities in China paid attention to the new composition of environmental art and the design of architectural space sequence, especially the planning of Shanghai and Nanjing from 1929 to 1930 and the planning of the new capital of the puppet Manchukuo (Changchun) from 1939. In the 1950s and 1960s, large-scale urban construction rose, and the group environmental art techniques to express urban individuality began to mature. For example, the reconstruction of Tiananmen Square in Beijing and the development of the northern new district in Guangzhou are outstanding examples. After the 1980s, the construction of emerging towns paid more attention to the value of group art, and the satellite cities, residential quarters and historical and cultural cities in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing had outstanding individual characteristics and artistic performances.