How much have literati known about "Siya" since ancient times?

Ancient literati listed incense burning, tea making, flower arrangement and painting hanging as four major arts.

Incense burning: refers to people processing natural spices obtained from animals and plants into different fragrance types and burning them on different occasions to obtain a good sense of smell.

Burning incense quickly combined with people's physical needs and spiritual needs from the beginning. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty in China, dignitaries, literati and wealthy families often competed for incense at parties, making incense an art and developing together with tea culture. In the Song Dynasty, China's incense burning art, together with ordering tea, arranging flowers and hanging pictures, was regarded as the "four arts" of literati.

Tea mats can be burned with incense. It not only melts into the whole tea mat as an art form, but also permeates the space around the tea mat with its wonderful smell, which makes people feel very comfortable in the sense of smell.

1, the types of natural spices in the teahouse

Aquilaria Resinatum, Sandalwood, Borneolum Syntheticum, Musk, Wisteria, Rosin, Clove, Concha Haliotidis, Jasmine, etc.

Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "the altar grows musk." The so-called Shen is agarwood, and Shen Xiang has been the first among incense since ancient times.

2, the style and use of incense in the tea pad

Generally speaking, the fragrant products in a tea mat can be divided into cooked fragrant and raw fragrant, also called dry fragrant and wet fragrant. Cooked incense refers to finished spices, which can generally be bought in incense shops. A small amount of perfume is made by the perfumer himself. Incense production refers to the use of various spices to make incense (also known as incense performance) on the spot before making a dynamic demonstration of the teahouse.

Cooked incense styles include: column incense, line incense, coil incense, strip incense and so on. These are common cooked incense styles. Another piece of incense, powder, etc. It's used for incense.

Live performance is not only a technology, but also an art, which is ornamental. It has played an extraordinary role in the spread of Xiangdao culture.

3. The type and location of incense burner in the teahouse

The shapes of incense burners are mostly taken from the Ding in the Spring and Autumn Period. Boshan furnace unearthed from Han tombs is basically regarded by historians as the ancestor of China incense burner. In the Song Dynasty, a large number of porcelain incense burners appeared, and their styles were: tripod, milk burner, guard burner, pier burner, pot burner, washing burner, drum burner and so on. Most of them are modeled after famous vessels of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, furnace making flourished, and Xuande incense burner was its representative. In terms of color, it is also colorful and dazzling.

All kinds of incense burners are made of copper, iron, pottery and porcelain. And palaces and wealthy families are also made of gold and silver. Modern incense burners are mostly made of copper, iron and purple sand.

To express religious themes and ancient court themes, copper tea stoves are generally used. The antique style of the copper tea stove still exists, basically retaining the modeling characteristics of the ancient incense burner.

It is best to choose a white porcelain straight-tube high-waist landscape incense burner to show the teahouse of modern literati. The straight high waist incense burner, shaped like a pen container, complements Four Treasures of the Study and conforms to the aesthetic habits of literati.

Tea house with general life theme, green tea series, purple sand incense burner or incense burner; Green tea such as Longjing, "Biluochun" and Huangshan Mao Feng can be soaked in a porcelain blue-and-white incense burner with a wide belly. Porcelain and purple sand are close to life, fresh and elegant, full of life breath.

The following principles should be grasped when placing incense burners in tea seats: the position of incense burners in tea seats: (1) Don't grab incense; (2) Don't block your eyes.

Making tea: the key to making tea is, "water is always in front, and fire never returns." Su Dongpo's poem says: "Living water should still be boiled with living fire". A living fire is charcoal. It has a flame and is very powerful. Chaozhou people's tea is called "bitter orange charcoal", which is a very hard tree. After burning charcoal, it is absolutely smokeless and tasteless, and is the best fuel. There is also a kind of black olive core as charcoal, which is light blue in the flame and even in the flame, which is even more special.

The ancients also paid attention to temperature. Boiling water tender, old and moderate, the time and method of adding tea, the way of cooking tea and the quality of "soup flower" all depend on whether the soup is cooked well or not. Xu Mingran described it in Tea Sparse: "As soon as water enters the pot, it must be boiled urgently. When there is a pine sound, cover it and tell you that it is old and tender. After the crab eye, the water was slightly turbulent, which was the situation at that time. Big waves wash sand, rotating silently, out of place. If they pass, the soup will be old and won't be used anymore. " "Tea Classic" also said: "It boils like a fish, and it is a boiling sound; The edge is like a spring bead, which is two boiling points; Make waves and drum waves, let three people boil. It has been served, and the water is too old to eat ("53 Boiling").

Brewing method

Compared with oolong tea, the brewing process of green tea is very simple. According to the tight knot degree of cable, it should be divided into

There are two kinds. But no matter which method is used, the first step is to iron the cup, which is beneficial to the color and fragrance of tea.

Play.

1 tea with compact shape and heavy weight

1) After scalding the cup, first flush the water with proper temperature into the cup, and then take the tea leaves and put them in without cover.

At this time, the tea slowly sinks, the dry tea absorbs water, and the leaves unfold, showing the leaf color of Bud Ye Yuan, Bud.

Like a gun leaf like a flag; The water vapor in noodle soup rises with the fragrance of tea, like steaming clouds and Xia Wei. Such as "Biluochun", at this time

Like snowflakes flying, leaves are blooming and fresh. The beauty of fallen leaves has the reputation of "spring dyeing the seabed".

2) After a period of time, the tea soup is cooled to palatability, and the tea can be tasted. This is a bubble.

In the evaluation of tea tasting, the temperature of drinking and smelling tea soup is 45-55℃ based on 5 minutes. Ruogao

At 60C, the hot mouth also burns the nose; Below 40C, the aroma is low and the taste is astringent.

This time is difficult to control. If I use a glass, I usually hold it in my hand and drink it when the temperature is right.

If you cover the bowl, pour some tea soup on the back of your hand and check its temperature. It all depends on experience, so

Practice is the most important thing.

3) One third of the tea soup brewed for the first time is left, which can be refilled. These are two bubbles.

If the tea leaves are fat, the second tea soup is thick, the tip of the tongue is sweet after drinking, and the teeth and cheeks are fragrant, with endless aftertaste.

Drink it three times, and the tea is generally light.

Flower arrangement: refers to the artistic processing of flowers and grass in nature, blending certain thoughts and emotions into different lines and modeling changes, and recreating the image of flowers.

Flower arrangement is an ancient art, which embodies people's beautiful feelings. The origin of flower arrangement should be attributed to people's love for flowers. By freezing flowers, we can express an artistic conception to experience the truth and glory of life.

Chinese flower arrangement has a long history and is famous for its elegance. It has formed a unique national style with bright colors, rich forms and rigorous structure.

1. According to the different flower materials used, it can be divided into flower arrangement, dried flower, artificial flower and mixed flower.

(1) flower arrangement

All or mainly flowers are inserted. Its main characteristics are the most beautiful natural flowers, colorful flowers, full of real vitality, strong artistic charm and wide application. Its disadvantage is that the water retention is not lasting, the cost is high, and it is not suitable for being placed in dark light.

(2) arrangement of dried flowers

Insert all or mainly natural dried flowers or processed dried plant materials. It not only keeps the natural beauty of the original plants, but also can be dyed and combined at will. After plugging in, it can be placed for a long time, which is convenient for management and not limited by lighting, especially suitable for dark display. Dried flowers are very popular in some countries and regions in Europe and America. Its disadvantage is that it is afraid of being exposed to strong light for a long time and is not resistant to humid environment.

(3) Artificial flower arrangement

The flower materials used are all kinds of artificial plant-like materials, including silk flower and polyester flowers. , random simulation, design, color, a wide variety. Artificial flowers are colorful, varied, easy to shape and clean, and can be placed for a long time.

(4) Mixed flower arrangement 2. According to the arrangement vessels and combinations, it can be divided into vase arrangement, potted flower arrangement, bonsai arrangement and potted flower art arrangement.

(1) vase flower arrangement

Also known as vase flower, it is an ancient and common way of arranging flowers. People cut off the branches of red fruits and green leaves in time and put them in vases. Because the vase is high and the bottle mouth is small, this kind of flower arrangement does not need sword hill and flower mud when inserting, just put the flower branches in, and most of the flower arrangements in daily life belong to this kind.

(2) arrangement of potted flowers

Also known as potted flowers, that is, flowers are arranged in pots or other shallow-mouthed utensils similar to pots. Because the container is shallow, the work can only be completed with the help of fixtures such as flower anvil, foam and pebbles. Compared with vase flowers, it is more difficult to hold flowers, so it is necessary to shape them first, and then insert branches and leaves according to the shape.

(3) bonsai flower arrangement

It is an artistic flower arrangement form created by shallow water basin. It uses the layout method of bonsai art to make flower arrangement works look like plant bonsai. This flower arrangement is made of branches of flower arrangement. When making, you can put some stones in the basin as background and ornament.

(4) Potted artistic flower arrangement

It is a kind of plant decoration art that combines potted plants with flowers and branches artistically to decorate the interior. The potted plants used are generally small indoor plants. Take foliage plants as an example. Although they are suitable for indoor viewing, there are no brightly colored flowers and fruits. Flowers and fresh fruit branches can be inserted in potted foliage plants to make them colorful. In addition, some indoor potted plants with poor posture can be inserted with bright branches, leaves and flowers, which can also make their posture perfect. 3. Flower arranging utensils

There are many kinds of flower devices, which are necessary for pattern design. Ceramics, metal, glass, rattan, bamboo, straw, chemical resin, etc. There are many kinds of materials and forms. The flowerpot should be selected reasonably according to the design purpose, purpose and flower material.

(1) ceramic flower device

The most common props in graphic design. Highlight national customs and their respective cultures and arts.

(2) Vegetarian-fired pottery

In the trend of returning to nature, plain pottery has its unique charm. Coupled with its natural flavor, the whole work looks simple and elegant.

(3) Metal flower device

Made of copper, iron, silver, tin and other metal materials. It gives people a sense of solemnity, frankness and luxury, and also reflects the artistic development in different historical times.

(4) rattan weaving, bamboo weaving and straw weaving equipment

There are various forms. Because of the use of natural plant materials, it can better reflect the style of Yuan Ye, and is more suitable for natural and interesting modeling.

(5) Glass flower device

The charm of glassware lies in its transparency and shining luster. Colored glass mixed with metal acidulant and utensils with patterns on the surface can set off the beauty of flowers well.

(6) Plastic flower device

It is cheap, light, rich in colors and diverse in shapes.

4. Tips for arranging flowers

(1) is suitable for the actual situation.

Flowers are real, leaves are empty, there are flowers without leaves, and there are leaves without flowers without entities. There is emptiness in reality, and there is reality in emptiness.

(2) The height is strewn at random

The position of flowers should not be on the same horizontal line or straight line.

(3) Dense and dense

Every flower and leaf has an ornamental effect and a composition effect. Too dense is complicated, too sparse is empty.

(4) Look around and react.

Flowers, branches and leaves should echo around the center, reflecting the integrity of the work and maintaining a sense of balance.

(5) light on the top and heavy on the bottom

Buds are above, flowers are below; The top is light and the bottom is dark, which looks balanced and natural.

(6) disperse upward and gather downward

The branches and leaves of flowers gather at the base like a single root, and the upper part is scattered in various forms.

Tea tree flower arrangement, flowers should be small but not bright, flowers should be elegant, preferably budding or budding. Advocate simplicity and avoid complexity. Flower arrangement is only a foil for tea service, so don't pretend to be the master. As for the choice of flower arrangement, it depends on the specific tea art.

Hanging pictures: also known as hanging axes. Teahouse paintings are the general name of paintings and calligraphy hanging in the background environment of teahouses.

Hanging shaft consists of ceiling pole, floor pole, shaft head, ceiling, field, edge, amazing belt, painting heart and backing paper.

Hanging shaft forms are single, nave, screen bar, couplet, cross-dressing, sector, etc.

The contents of the hanging axis of the coffee table can be written in Chinese characters or drawn, and generally the characters are the most. Can also be combined with calligraphy and painting.

Calligraphy style: seal script, official script, cursive script, regular script, regular script.

Painting with traditional Chinese painting, especially landscape painting and ink painting.

Writing content: mainly about tea affairs. Can also express a certain realm, attitude towards life, interest in life ~