What are the applications of power batteries?

Power battery is a power supply that provides power for tools, especially for electric cars, electric trains, electric bicycles and golf carts. It is mainly different from the starting battery used for starting automobile engines. Lead-acid batteries with sealed valve ports, open-tube lead-acid batteries and lithium ferrous phosphate batteries are mostly used. So what are the advantages of power batteries? What's the difference between power batteries and ordinary batteries? Let's take a look together. Power battery 1 structure, battery core

Battery cell is a basic unit device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy, including electrodes, diaphragms, electrolytes, housings and terminals, and is designed to be rechargeable.

2. Battery module

The battery module is composed of more than one battery cell connected in series, in parallel or in series-parallel connection, and only a pair of positive and negative output terminals are used as the combination of power supply.

Step 3: Battery

Battery cells are composed of dozens of battery cells or battery modules connected in series to form battery cells. A plurality of battery cells are connected in series to form a power battery assembly.

4.CSC acquisition system

Each battery cell has multiple CSC acquisition systems to monitor the voltage and temperature information of each battery cell or battery cell.

The CSC acquisition system reports relevant information to the battery control unit (BMU) and performs battery voltage equalization according to the instructions of BMU.

5. Battery control unit

Installed inside the power battery assembly, it is the core component of the battery management system. The battery control unit (BMU) reports the battery voltage, current, temperature and high voltage insulation of the whole vehicle to the vehicle controller (VCU), and controls the power battery according to the instruction of ∞CU.

6. Battery high-voltage power distribution device

It is installed at the positive and negative output terminals of the power battery assembly and consists of a high-voltage positive relay, a high-voltage negative relay, a pre-charge relay, a current sensor and a pre-charge resistor.

7. Maintenance switch

Located on the middle surface of the power battery assembly, turn on the glove box switch of the auxiliary instrument in the cab and operate the maintenance switch. Turning off the maintenance switch before checking and repairing the high-voltage components can ensure that the high voltage is cut off.

1, application of power battery for automobile and motorcycle industry

It mainly provides electric energy for the starting ignition of the engine and the use of on-board electronic equipment.

2. Industrial power system

It is used for power transmission and transformation, providing closing current for power plant and standby power supply and communication power supply for public facilities.

3. Electric vehicle and electric bicycle industry

Instead of gasoline and diesel, it is used as the driving power source of electric vehicles or electric bicycles.

4. Military field

Due to the wide application of high technology in the military, modern warfare has become a high-tech war with digital and information weapons as the mainstay. This mode of war makes the military energy with high efficiency, high specific energy density and rapid refueling an urgent need in modern battlefields. Nowadays, the technical development of high-energy power batteries is facing great pressure all over the world, such as the use of new lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells.

Classification of power batteries lead-acid batteries

nickel-cadmium/nicad battery

nickel-hydrogen battery

nickel iron battery

Sodium nickel chloride battery

silver-zinc storage battery

NaS Battery

Lithium storage battery

Air storage battery

fuel battery

Solar storage battery

Super-capacity capacitor

Flywheel battery

NaS battery

The main performance index of the power battery is 1, and the power battery voltage.

Power battery voltage is divided into terminal voltage, open circuit voltage, rated voltage, charging termination voltage and discharging termination voltage. The potential difference between the anode and cathode of the power battery is the terminal voltage, and the terminal voltage under no load is called the open circuit voltage. The standard voltage output by the battery when working is rated voltage, and the voltage limit when charging is the end voltage of charging, and the voltage limit when discharging is the end voltage of discharging.

2. Power battery capacity

Capacity refers to the amount of electricity that the battery can discharge under certain discharge conditions, which is represented by symbol C. The unit is usually A_h or mA_h, which is equal to the product of discharge current and discharge time. Capacity can be divided into theoretical capacity, nominal capacity and rated capacity.

3. Energy and energy density of power battery

The energy of the battery refers to the electric energy that can be output by the battery under a certain discharge system, and the unit is Wh or kWh, which affects the mileage of electric vehicles.

Energy density refers to the energy that a battery can output per unit mass or volume, also known as mass specific energy or volume specific energy. In the application of electric vehicles, the mass-specific energy of batteries affects the overall vehicle quality and driving range of electric vehicles, while the volume-specific energy affects the battery layout space.

4. Power and power density of power battery

Power refers to the energy output by the battery per unit time under a certain discharge system, and the unit is W or kW.

Power density, also known as specific power, is the battery output power per unit mass or volume, and specific power is an important index to evaluate whether batteries and battery packs can meet the acceleration and climbing ability of electric vehicles.

Advantages of power battery 1, long service life.

The cycle life of long-life lead-acid batteries is about 300 times, and the highest cycle life can reach 500 times. At present, the best cycle life of lithium iron phosphate power battery can reach more than 2000 times, and it can reach 2000 times after standard charging (5-hour rate). Lead-acid batteries of the same quality are "new half year, old half year and maintenance half year", and the longest time is 1~ 1.5 years, while lithium iron phosphate batteries will be used for 7-8 years under the same conditions. Comprehensive consideration, the cost performance will be more than four times that of lead-acid batteries.

2. Safe use

Lithium ferrous phosphate completely solves the safety problem that lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganese oxide will explode under strong collision, which threatens the life safety of consumers, and lithium ferrous phosphate will not explode even in the worst traffic accidents after strict safety tests.

3. It can be charged and discharged quickly with high current 2C.

Under the special charger, 1.5C can fully charge the battery within 40 minutes, and the starting current can reach 2C, but the current lead-acid battery does not have this performance.

4, high temperature resistance

The peak value of electric heating in Ferrous lithium phosphate can reach 350℃~500℃, while that of lithium manganate and lithium cobaltate is only about 200℃.

5. Large capacity

Compared with traditional automobile batteries, the capacity of power batteries is much larger. General power battery can drive the car to run at least 150km, and a good power battery can reach more than 300km.

6. No memory effect

The traditional nickel-cadmium battery has memory effect, so it is easy to reduce the battery capacity. Don't worry about the power battery, you can charge it as you use it.

7. Small size and light weight

Due to the adoption of new technology, the power battery is smaller and lighter than the traditional heavy and large battery.

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Power battery refers to the battery that provides power for vehicles, generally relative to the small battery that provides energy for portable electronic equipment; Ordinary battery is a primary battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution, which is different from rechargeable lithium ion and lithium ion polymer battery.

2, the battery capacity is different

In the case of all new batteries, the battery capacity was tested by a discharge instrument. General power battery capacity is about 1000- 1500mAh. The capacity of ordinary batteries is above 2000mAh, and some can reach 3400mAh.

3, the discharge power is different

A 4200mAh power battery can be discharged in just a few minutes, but ordinary batteries can't do it at all, so the discharge ability of ordinary batteries can't be compared with power batteries at all. The biggest difference between power battery and ordinary battery lies in its high discharge power and high specific energy. Because the main purpose of power battery is vehicle energy supply, it has higher discharge power than ordinary battery.

4. Different applications

Batteries that provide driving power for electric vehicles are called power batteries, including traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and emerging lithium-ion power batteries, which are divided into power batteries (hybrid vehicles) and energy power batteries (pure electric vehicles); Lithium batteries used in consumer electronic products such as mobile phones and notebook computers are generally referred to as lithium batteries to distinguish them from power batteries used in electric vehicles.

Development and application status of power battery: development and application status of solid-state lithium battery (polymer solid-state battery)

Bollore, France: All-solid secondary battery (LMP), the negative electrode material is lithium metal, and the electrolyte is polymer (PEO, etc.). ). At present, it has been applied to EV, * * service vehicle "Autolib" and French small electric bus "Bluelus" in batches, with an overall application of more than 3,000 vehicles.

American Seeo: All-solid secondary battery adopts dry polymer membrane of Dachuang Company. The energy density of the provided sample battery is 130- 150Wh/kg, and the energy density of 20 17 years can reach 300Wh/kg, which has not been popularized and applied.

CATL: At present, a polymer battery with a capacity of 325mAh has been designed and manufactured, which shows good high-temperature cycling performance and has not been popularized and applied.

Qingdao Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences: The large-capacity solid lithium polymer "Qingneng No.1" completed the deep-sea scientific research. Its energy density exceeds 250Wh/kg, and its capacity remains above 80% after 500 cycles. Under harsh test conditions such as repeated needling and extrusion, it still maintains very good safety performance. "Qingneng No.2" was also successfully developed, and its energy density was as high as 300Wh/kg, so it was not popularized.

In addition, among solid-state lithium batteries, sulfide solid-state batteries (lithium-sulfur batteries) have great development potential because of their high energy density and low cost. Toyota, Samsung, CATL, Toyota and other domestic and foreign enterprises have accelerated their layout, among which Toyota technology is the most advanced. Toyota 20 10 introduced sulfide solid-state batteries. In 20 14 years, the energy density of its experimental prototype reached 400Wh/kg. By the beginning of 20 17, the number of patents for Toyota solid-state batteries had reached 30, far higher than other enterprises. According to Toyota executives, Toyota will realize the industrialization of sulfide solid-state batteries in 2020. CATL, a domestic enterprise, is relatively leading in sulfide solid-state batteries and is accelerating the development of sulfide all-solid-state lithium metal batteries for pure electric vehicles.

Research and development status of solid-state lithium battery (sulfide solid-state battery)

Toyota: 20 10 introduced solid-state batteries. In 20 14 years, the energy density of its experimental prototype reached 400Wh/kg.

Samsung Japan Research Institute: A 2000mAh 175Wh/kg laminated all-solid secondary battery was developed by using sulfide solid electrolyte.

Sakti3 (USA): In 20 15 years, it was invested by British home appliance giants Dyson 150,000 USD. The solid-state battery developed by Sakti 3 uses ceramics as electrolyte, lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode, and the energy density is1000 Wh/L. It is still in the research and development stage.

Tao Qing Energy: The core of the company lies in the R&D and production of all-ceramic diaphragm and inorganic solid electrolyte with high solid content. At present, the team has cooperated with BAIC to conduct pilot tests, which may be an important part of BAIC electric vehicles in the future.

CATL: The main research and development direction is sulfide electrolyte. Positive electrode coating method is used to solve the interface reaction problem, and hot pressing method is used to reduce the interface resistance.

It is recommended to read the instruction manual of automobile battery. Eight tips to make you a battery expert. Why is there a vulcanized battery for electric vehicles? How to repair the material and structure of lead-acid battery? How to install lead-acid batteries? How to keep the structure and characteristics of power battery? Application field: classification of power batteries; Principle and basic characteristics of nickel-cadmium battery; How to maintain nickel-cadmium battery; Principle and structure of maintenance-free battery; How to maintain the maintenance-free battery?