What are the living customs of the Tujia people?

The Tujia people love to live in groups, and they love to live in wooden buildings with hanging feet. Building houses are a village, a cottage, rarely a single family. Built houses are mostly wooden structure, small green tiles, lattice windows, the Division of the eaves overhanging, wooden railing handrails, walking horse corner, ancient color. General home have a small courtyard, fences in front of the yard, the yard behind the bamboo forest, green stone paving, planing boards installed walls, pine bright illumination, a family living in the sunrise and sunset idyllic quiet life. Nowadays, most of the Tujia people live in the wooden corner house, generally "left blue dragon, right white tiger, before the Zhuquiao, after Xuanwu". Depending on the mountain of the hanging angle building, on the ground with wooden pillars up and down two layers, the upper layer of ventilation, dry, moisture-proof, is the living room; the lower layer is a pig and cattle pen circle or used to pile up miscellaneous goods. The scale of the house is generally a 4 rows of 3 houses or 6 rows of 5 houses, 5 columns of 2 rides, 5 columns of 4 rides for medium-sized families, 7 columns of 4 rides for large families, and 4 courtyards with 4 rows of 3 houses. 4 rows of 3 houses are structured in the middle of the hall, and the left and right sides of the hall are called "rao" rooms, which are used for living and cooking. Raochang is divided into two halves with the center column as the boundary, the front is used as kang and the back is used as bedroom. There is a curved corridor around the hammock, and the curved corridor is also equipped with railings. Once upon a time, the footstools were usually covered with thatched grass or cedar bark, and there were also stone slabs as the roof, but nowadays, the footstools in West Hubei are mostly covered with mud tiles. The construction of the hammock is a big event in the life of Tujia people. The first step is to prepare all the wood, the Tujia people called "cutting green hills", generally choose Tsubaki or purple trees, Tsubaki, purple due to the harmonic "spring", "son" and auspicious, meaning that the spring is always big, children and grandchildren Wang; the second step is to process the beams and columns, and the beams and columns are processed. is the processing of beams and columns, known as the "frame code", in the beams should also be painted on the eight trigrams, taiji, lotus seeds and other patterns; the third process is called "row of fans", that is, the processing of the beams and columns connected to the tenon, rows of wooden fan; the fourth step is the The fourth step is to "set up the house firm pillar", the master choose the auspicious day, please neighbors to help, on the beam before the beam to sacrifice, and then all people work together will be a row of wooden fan up, then, firecrackers sound, neighbors send gifts to congratulate. After the establishment of the house firm pillar is nailed rafter angle, cover tile, installed board and wall. Wealthy people also want to decorate the roof to the sky flying eaves, carved dragons and phoenixes under the hole in the corridor, decorative balconies and wooden rails. Tujia people also planted flowers and grasses in front of and behind the house, a variety of fruit trees, but not planted in front of the mulberry, not planted after the peach, because of the "funeral" and "escape" harmonic, inauspicious. There are many benefits of hanging buildings, high hanging ground ventilation and dry, but also to prevent poisonous snakes, wild animals, floor boards can also be put under the sundries. Hanging buildings also have distinctive national characteristics, elegant "silk eaves" and wide "walking rail" so that the hanging-footed building of its own style. This kind of hang-footed building than the "railings" more successful to get rid of the primitive nature, has a higher cultural level, known as the "living fossil" of the Ba Chu culture. Tujia footstools are mostly wooden structure, earlier the King of the Tujia strictly prohibit the people of the difference tile, only allowed to benefit cedar bark, thatched grass, called "only allowed to buy horses, not allowed to difference tile". Has been to the Qing dynasty Yongzheng thirteen years "change on the return to the stream" only after the rise of Gaiwa. Generally for the horizontal row of four fans of three, three columns of six riders or five columns of six riders, the middle of the hall, for generations of ancestors shrine, is the core of the family rituals. According to the terrain, the building is divided into half hanging, half hanging, double handcart two wings hanging, hanging key head, curved hanging, Linshui hanging, across the gorge over the hole hanging, rich people carved beams and painted buildings, cornices high, stone level coiled, there is a large airy poetic mood of the mood of the pavilion.