What are the financial institutions?

1, divided into four categories according to the status and function of hunger:

First, the central bank. The central bank in China is the People's Bank of China.

The second category is banks. Including policy banks, commercial banks and village banks.

The third category is non-bank financial institutions. It mainly includes state-owned and joint-stock insurance companies, urban credit cooperatives, securities companies (investment banks), finance companies and third-party wealth management companies.

The fourth category is foreign-funded, overseas Chinese-funded and Sino-foreign joint venture financial institutions established in China.

2. According to the operating conditions of financial institutions, they can be divided into financial supervision institutions and supervised financial enterprises.

For example, the People's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and China Securities Regulatory Commission are institutions that exercise financial supervision power on behalf of the state, and all other financial enterprises such as banks, securities companies and insurance companies must accept their supervision and management.

3. According to whether it can accept public deposits, it can be divided into deposit financial institutions and non-deposit financial institutions.

The sources of funds for deposit-taking financial institutions are mainly loans from the public in the form of deposits, such as commercial banks, savings and loan associations, cooperative savings banks and credit cooperatives. Insurance companies, trust financial institutions, policy banks, securities companies, finance companies and other non-deposit financial institutions are not allowed to absorb public savings deposits.

4, according to whether to undertake the national policy financing task, can be divided into policy financial institutions and non-policy financial institutions. Policy financial institutions refer to institutions funded by * * * and engaged in financial activities according to * * *' s intentions and plans. Non-policy financial institutions do not undertake national policy financing tasks.

5, according to whether it belongs to the banking system, it can be divided into bank financial institutions and non-bank financial institutions; According to the national nature of capital contribution, it can be divided into domestic financial institutions, foreign financial institutions and joint venture financial institutions; It can also be divided into domestic financial institutions, foreign financial institutions and international financial institutions by country.

What are the investment financial institutions?

1. Securities company. Securities companies engage in securities proprietary business and securities asset management business, and invest in securities in their own names or on behalf of customers.

2. Banking financial institutions. However, according to the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank, banking financial institutions shall not stop investing and engaging in securities business, and shall not invest in non-self-use real estate or non-bank financial institutions, enterprises and institutions. Abroad, some countries allow banks to invest.

3. Insurance companies. Insurance companies are one of the most important institutional investors in the world. Once surpassed investment funds to become the largest institutional investor. In addition to investing heavily in various bonds and high-grade corporate bonds, it also participates in fund and stock investment extensively.

4. Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFII). In China, qualified foreign institutional investors refer to China overseas fund management institutions, insurance companies, securities companies and other asset management institutions that meet the provisions of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors, are approved by the China Securities Regulatory Commission to invest in the China securities market, and are approved by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. QFII can invest in stocks listed on the Stock Exchange, bonds listed on the Stock Exchange, securities investment funds and warrants.

5.*** Wealth Fund. With the changes in the international economic and financial situation, many countries, especially developing countries, have a large amount of official foreign exchange reserves recently. In order to manage these funds well, the * * * Wealth Fund was established to invest on behalf of the country. For example, China Investment Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "China * * * Company"), which was established on September 29th, 2007, is regarded as the originator of China * * * Wealth Fund.

6. Other financial institutions. Including trust and investment companies, enterprise group finance companies, financial leasing companies, etc. These institutions usually also invest in securities within the scope permitted by their own articles of association and regulatory agencies.

References:

Basic knowledge of securities market

What are the policy financial institutions responsible for financial investment and financing?

Leasing finance company

What are the current assets of commercial banks?

Current assets refer to assets that can be realized in a fiscal year. In the above table, the interest receivable ranks first, and there are several items to be analyzed later: for example, in loans, medium and long-term loans due within one year and short-term loans due within one year are current assets, and long-term investments that can be realized at any time or due within one year are also current assets. If the investment period is shorter than one year, the held-to-maturity investment is also a current asset. There is nothing down there.

What are the asset types of commercial banks?

I. Asset business

Asset business is the main source of income for commercial banks.

1, loan business-the most important asset business of commercial banks.

1) Credit loan:

Credit loan refers to a loan that relies entirely on the borrower's reputation and does not provide any collateral. This is a capital loan.

(1) ordinary loan limit:

Enterprises sign informal agreements with banks to determine loans. Within the limit, enterprises can obtain loan support from banks at any time, and the validity period of the limit is generally not more than 90 days. The interest rate of loans within the ordinary loan amount fluctuates and is linked to the preferential interest rate of banks.

(2) Overdraft loan:

Banks provide loans to customers, allowing them to overdraw their accounts. Providing this convenience is regarded as an "additional obligation" beyond the contract undertaken by the bank to its customers.

(3) Standby loan commitment:

Standby loan commitment is a more formal and legally binding agreement. When a bank signs a formal contract with an enterprise, the bank promises to provide corresponding loans to the enterprise within the prescribed time limit and limit, and the enterprise provides expenses for the commitment of the bank.

(4) Consumer loans:

Consumer loans are loans issued to consumers for purchasing durable consumer goods or paying other expenses. Commercial banks should conduct various examinations when providing such loans to customers.

(5) Discounted bills loans:

Bill discount loan refers to the customer submitting the unexpired bill to the bank, and the bank deducts the interest from the discount date to the maturity date to get cash.

2) Mortgage loan:

There are several types of mortgage loans.

(1) Inventory loan. Inventory loan, also known as commodity loan, is a short-term loan secured by enterprise deposits and loans or commodities.

(2) Customer account loan. Short-term loans issued by banks with accounts receivable as collateral are called "customer account loans". This kind of loan is generally a continuous credit agreement.

(3) Securities loans. In addition to accounts receivable and inventory as collateral, many corporate loans issued by banks are pledged by various securities, especially stocks and bonds issued by companies and enterprises. This kind of loan is called "securities loan".

(4) Real estate mortgage loan. Usually refers to loans secured by real estate or enterprise facilities.

3) secured loan:

Guaranteed loan refers to a loan with a guarantee issued by a third party. A letter of guarantee is a contract document in which a bank guarantees a loan to a borrower, which stipulates the rights and obligations of the bank and the guarantor.

As long as the bank obtains the standard form guarantee signed by the guarantor, it can issue loans to the borrower. Therefore, the letter of guarantee is the simplest form of guarantee acceptable to banks.

4) Loan securitization:

Loan securitization refers to the process that commercial banks convert loans into securities through certain procedures. The specific way is: commercial banks combine all kinds of loans with poor liquidity into several asset pools and sell them to professional financing companies (special purpose companies), and then the financing companies issue asset-backed securities with these asset pools as guarantees. Such asset-backed securities can also be sold to investors through the securities issuance market or private placement. The funds recovered from the sale of securities can be used as a new source of funds for commercial banks to issue other loans.

2. Investment business:

The investment business of commercial banks refers to the activities of banks to buy securities. Investment is an important asset business of commercial banks and one of the main sources of bank income.

The investment business of commercial banks can be divided into domestic securities investment and international securities investment according to different objects. Domestic securities investment can be roughly divided into three types, namely * * * securities investment, local * * * securities investment and corporate securities investment.

Securities issued by the state can be divided into two types according to different sales methods, one is called publicly sold securities and the other is called privately sold securities.

* * * Securities purchased by commercial banks include treasury bonds, medium-term bonds and long-term bonds.

1) Treasury bills. National debt is a short-term bond with a maturity of less than one year.

2) Medium ......

Do banks investing in international letters of credit have this business?

Never seen it. I don't quite understand what you mean. Is it a bank or a letter of credit

What are the business scopes of China Commercial Bank?

Commercial banks are special enterprises different from general industrial and commercial enterprises. Its particularity is reflected in the different business objects. Industrial and commercial enterprises are engaged in the production and circulation of commodities with certain use value; Commercial banks, on the other hand, take financial assets and financial liabilities as their business objects and deal in special commodities ... money and monetary capital. This business includes receipt and payment of funds, loans and various financial services related to currency flow. From the perspective of social reproduction process, the operation of commercial banks is the condition for the operation of industrial and commercial enterprises. Different from ordinary industrial and commercial enterprises, commercial banks have become a special kind of enterprises-financial enterprises.

(3) Commercial banks are different from specialized banks. The business and functions of commercial banks are more comprehensive. They operate all financial "retail" business (store service) and "wholesale business" (large credit business) and provide all financial services to customers. Specialized banks only focus on the business within the specified scope and provide specialized services. With the relaxation of financial control in western countries, the business scope of professional banks is also expanding, but compared with commercial banks, there is still a big gap; Commercial banks have advantages in operation.

scope of business

According to the Commercial Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Chinese-funded commercial banks can engage in the following businesses: absorbing public deposits and issuing loans; Handling domestic and overseas settlement, bill discount and issuance of financial bonds; Acting as an agent to issue, honor and underwrite * * * bonds and buy and sell * * * bonds; Engage in interbank lending; Buying and selling, acting as an agent to buy and sell foreign exchange; Providing letter of credit services and guarantees; Agency payment and insurance agency business, etc. According to the regulations, commercial banks are not allowed to engage in securities business other than bonds and non-bank financial business. Although the organizational form, name, business content and focus of commercial banks in different countries are different, their main businesses are generally divided into debt business, asset business and off-balance sheet business. With the development of internationalization of banks, these domestic businesses can also be extended to international businesses. I. Debt business of commercial banks Debt business is the source of funds for commercial banks and the premise and condition of asset business of commercial banks. To sum up, the debt business of commercial banks in a broad sense mainly includes their own capital and the absorption of foreign capital. 1. The self-owned capital of commercial banks is the initial capital to carry out various business activities. Simply put, it is the funds for their business activities. The main part is the share capital, provident fund and undistributed profits raised by issuing stocks immediately. Self-owned capital generally accounts for only a small part of its total liabilities. The size of the bank's own capital reflects the strength and credibility of the bank, and it is also the basis for the bank to absorb foreign capital. Therefore, the amount of its own capital also reflects the degree of protection of creditors by the bank's capital strength. Specifically, bank capital mainly includes equity capital, surplus capital, debt capital and other sources of funds. 2. According to the traditional classification method of deposits, there are three main types of deposits, namely demand deposits, time deposits and savings deposits. (1) demand deposit. Mainly refers to deposits that depositors can access and transfer at any time. It has no exact time limit, and banks have no right to require customers to give written notice in advance when withdrawing money. Depositors with current deposit accounts can withdraw their deposits in various ways, such as writing checks, promissory notes, money orders, telephone transfers, using ATMs or other means. Because all kinds of economic transactions, including commercial retail of credit cards, are conducted through current deposit accounts, current deposits are called trading accounts abroad. As the main source of funds for commercial banks, demand deposits have the following characteristics: First, they have strong derivative ability. Due to the frequent deposit and withdrawal, banks will use the surplus funds in the original deposits to issue loans without cash settlement. After obtaining the loan, the customer will transfer it to the current deposit account instead of withdrawing it immediately, which will increase the loan on the one hand and the current deposit on the other hand, resulting in the derivative deposit. Second, it has great liquidity, frequent access, complicated procedures and high risks. Due to frequent deposit and withdrawal, provision of various services and high demand deposits, demand deposits pay little or no interest. Third, the relatively stable part of demand deposits can be used to issue loans. Although demand deposits are liquid, there are always some balances among many depositors in banks that can be used for foreign loans. Fourth, demand deposit is a bridge to close the relationship between banks and customers. Commercial banks establish close business relations with customers through frequent deposit and withdrawal business, so as to win more customers and expand their business. ......

Is it true that only national financial institutions can make financial investments, and enterprise legal persons can only make non-financial investments?

Investment itself is a kind of financial activity, and enterprise legal persons can also invest. Not only national financial institutions, but also the investment scope of state institutions is relatively strict.

What kind of financial institution is a credit union? A deposit financial institutions b contractual financial institutions c investment financial institutions d policy financial institutions

Deposit-type financial institutions

What does the bank's main business income mainly include

Absorb deposits and issue loans

The interest difference in the middle is profit.