Classification of lantern plays

Before liberation, liangping county was also called Liangshan County, so the local opera was called Liangshan Lantern Opera, which has been used ever since. Liang

Before liberation, liangping county was also called Liangshan County, so the local opera was called Liangshan Lantern Opera, which has been used ever since. Liangshan Lantern Opera originated from folk "playing lanterns" and "yangko", and the dance movements of the former were combined with the rap performances of the latter. The mid-Qing Dynasty was the heyday of Liangshan Lantern Opera. Nowadays, local people also call it Baotou Opera (before liberation, female roles were played by men, commonly known as Baotou), Duangong Opera or Fat Drum Tune.

The vocal music of Liangshan Lantern Opera mainly includes fat tube and light string cavity, apprentice divine song cavity and popular music minor, among which "Liang Shantiao" light string cavity is unique. The performance characteristics of Liangshan Lantern Opera are "laughing" and "twisting". His plays are quite rich, with more than 200 kinds in all. The most representative ones are Eating Bran and Cutting Hair, Sending to a Quiet Mother, Xiangzi's Wife, Please Be Old, etc. Most of these plays are adapted from folk operas or folk stories. The Lantern Festival uses dialects, and the lyrics are popular, natural, lively and full of life. In addition, because the lantern performance is entertaining, the plot is exaggerated, the contradiction is prominent and humorous, so the actors often exaggerate their movements and have the characteristics of dancing, which is deeply loved by the local people. People always turn on the lights at festivals or weddings, funerals and celebrations.

North Sichuan Lantern, also known as "Drum Music God", is a folk song and dance drama with a long history.

Langzhong is the hometown of lanterns in northern Sichuan. During the harvest season in rural areas, lantern artists light red lanterns with the words "Harvest of Grains" and "Happy Birthday" in the fields or yards, beat gongs and drums, play the Hu Qin, and then perform funny and lively lantern shows. When farmers saw the red light hanging high, they lit lanterns and torches and came from all directions to watch the light show. Zhi Zhu's poem "Watching the Lantern Play" said: "Song and dance are lights, and lights have plays and lights. The lights behind the court vestibule were adjusted, and the audience was very lively. "

Most of the contents of lanterns in northern Sichuan are based on folklore and the lives of working people. There are many comedies and few tragedies. It's a drama, a bitter drama, with a strong comedy color. The performing arts are close to life, and there is no fixed pattern. It is integrated with Bayu dance, juggling, monkey play, puppet, shadow play and "jumping to the end". Its music comes from folk tunes, sacred songs, wedding songs, divination and so on in northern Sichuan, and its tunes are simple, lively and beautiful. Laoguan, Zhan Feng, Erlong, Shitan and other towns in Langzhong all have "light classes" with high performance level. 1984 Langzhong Lantern drama sketch "My mother gets on the sedan chair" and "Noisy Meeting" won the Sichuan Excellent Screenplay and Performance Award. Lantern Opera in northern Sichuan became popular in Langzhong, southern Nanchong, Yilong, Shunqing and other places in the Ming Dynasty. Like other lantern dramas, it has also experienced lantern-raising. North Sichuan Lantern Opera is lively in performance, and its content is mainly praising righteousness, lashing ugliness and entertaining. Generally, his plays are mainly comedies and burlesque, and the themes of drama and tragedy are also represented by comedies. The performance of Lantern Opera in northern Sichuan is rough and simple, humorous and popular, full of fun, with simple and healthy lyrics and strong local flavor. Because there are many sketches, comedies and farce, ugliness occupies a special position in the performance of Lantern Opera in northern Sichuan. There are two kinds of ugliness in Lantern Festival: male ugliness and female ugliness. Male ugliness is also called Xiaohua Lian, Lian, and female ugliness is also called,, and. Ugly plays the villain, but also plays the positive and middle characters. There are countless TV dramas, more than half of which are not ugly. North Sichuan Lantern Opera is developed from Lantern Dance, including folk songs, melodies, divine comedy, Duangong tune, etc. In addition, it absorbs Shaanxi tune, Wuxia Bugang tune and other tunes. There are both the plate singing system and the patch singing system, such as the drama The Tailor Stole Cloth, whose singing method consists of patches such as Taiping Year, Jinzhi, Yinzhi, Flower Selling, Broken Bridge, Shilidun and Flower Back Bow. Flat and Qupai chorus can also be used in the same play. The main accompaniment instruments of North Sichuan Lantern Opera are "Fat Drum" and Huqin, which make a deep hum sound when playing, so they are also called "Hum Drum". Besides, there are lanterns, gongs and drums, etc. And then gradually add erhu, flute and other musical instruments. Folk dance lanterns, puppets, shadow play and acrobatics are incorporated into the performance of lanterns in northern Sichuan to depict characters and express plots.

However, the actors of the professional troupe of Lantern Festival Opera are aging, and there are only a handful of old artists who can sing Lantern Festival Opera, and a large number of oral operas are lost. In addition, the light show is also equipped with dulcimer, flute, pipa, erhu and other folk music. Due to the loss of musicians, electroacoustic instruments and folk music have to be used to "make do" Influenced by popular culture, it is difficult for young people to accept traditional and folk things, and the inheritance of lanterns and operas is becoming more and more serious, facing the danger of being lost and in urgent need of rescue and protection.

North Sichuan Lantern is an ancient Han nationality song and dance drama popular in northeast Sichuan. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, lantern plays have been staged frequently in the vast mountainous areas of northeast Sichuan, and have continued to this day. The plays of Lantern Opera in northern Sichuan are mostly based on the local Han folk life, and there are more than 200 scripts. Singing qupai can be divided into two categories: positive tune and coloratura, which are derived from Han folk minor, divine comedy, Buddhist song, wedding song, imperial decree and Duan Gongdiao respectively. The performance is characterized by (ugliness), (ugliness) and (laughter), and it combines puppets, shadow play, monkey play, folk songs and dances and other skills. Because it grows among the people and reflects people's philosophy of life and aesthetic taste, it is deeply loved by the people in the mountainous areas and is called "peasant drama" and "joyful god". In May 2006, North Sichuan Lantern Festival was awarded the first batch of "national intangible cultural heritage" by the State Council.