A complete social day festival to collect detailed information

Social Day Festival, also known as Land Birthday, is an ancient traditional festival in China. Social days are divided into spring parties and autumn parties. In ancient times, the festival of social day was determined according to the calendar of cadres and branches. Later, due to the change of calendar, festivals were decided by the lunar calendar. The Spring Festival will be calculated on the fifth day after beginning of spring, usually around the second day of February in the lunar calendar, and the Autumn Festival will be calculated on the fifth day after beginning of autumn, about August in the lunar calendar. In ancient times, the land gods and the places where they were sacrificed were called "clubs". According to the folk custom of our country, every time sowing or harvesting season, farmers should set up a social sacrifice, pray or reward the land god.

The ancients believed that everything was born on the earth, so the land god was one of the gods widely worshipped. People think that this god palm is in charge of grain growth and peace in this place. February 2 is the Christmas of the landowner, also known as the God of fortitude. In the south of China, it is the birthday of the earth god, which is called "the birthday of the earth god". In order to "warm his life", some places have the custom of holding a "land meeting": every household raises funds to celebrate the birthday of the land god, burns incense and sacrifices at the land temple, beats gongs and drums and sets off firecrackers.

February 2 in the south still follows the custom of offering sacrifices to the land gods. For example, in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other regions, there are both customs similar to the Dragon Head-raising Festival and the new "February 2" custom, mainly the custom of offering sacrifices to land gods, and the land gods are generally offered in the south.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Social Day English name: Community day Festival time: the fifth May Day after beginning of spring Type: traditional festival popular area: China Festival origin: primitive belief Festival activities: burning incense, beating gongs and drums, setting off firecrackers time: ancient times? Festival algorithm, festival origin, cultural origin, historical evolution, festival customs, festival algorithm In ancient times, the festival cycle of social days was determined according to the calendar of the main branch, and later it was changed to the lunar calendar due to the change of the calendar. Social day is divided into spring day and autumn day. The Spring Festival is the fifth May Day after beginning of spring, and the Autumn Festival is the fifth May Day after beginning of autumn. First of all, we should know that every day has its own heavenly stems and earthly branches Day. Ten days of work: A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, people, ghosts. Twelve earthly branches: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. For example, 20 14 of beginning of spring is February 4th of Gregorian calendar, and it was found to be the afternoon of March. Spring Club Day is the fifth May Day after beginning of spring. The six days of Wuzi, Wuyin, Chen Wu, Wuwu, Wushen and Wuxu are called Wuri, also known as "Liu Wu". So the first day after 20 14.2.4 is 2.6 days, the second is 2. 16 days, the third is 2.26 days, the fourth is 3.8 days, and the fifth is 3. 18 days, so it is 20/kloc-. The origin of festivals began in ancient times, and social gods became the gods of ceremonies in the ritual system. Today, many changes have taken place in the ancient "social gods", but the custom of offering sacrifices to the land gods has remained, and with the migration of Chinese, it has blossomed and taken root in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. For a long time in China's history, its social form was a typical traditional agricultural society. In such a social form, people have extremely deep feelings for the land. To love it is to deify it, so the land has long been the object of sacrifice, called "society"; The key day of sacrifice is "social day". The word "Social Day Festival" means "earth" and "earth" means "sacrifice". Then, society will sacrifice land. The early land god was just a god, and later it gradually became personified, called the country, commonly known as the land god, and had a spouse god (the mother of the country, commonly known as the land woman). Sometimes the land god and the valley god worship together, which is the so-called country in ancient times. Compared with Spring Festival and Autumn Festival, Spring Festival has more activities. According to the fifth day after beginning of spring, the Spring Festival is generally around the second day of February, which is said to be the birthday of the land god, so the festival on this day is particularly grand. Yuan Jinglan's "Wu Sui Jun Ji Huasheng" records this custom in Suzhou: February 2 is the birthday of the land god, and the temples in the city have their own shrines to worship, and the sacrifices are paid. In rural Tugu Temple, farmers also provide furniture to make wishes with pot pulp, while Li Shen, commonly known as Tiangong and Tianpo, was called Shegong and Shemu in ancient times. Social workers have no room and board, so it will rain on social day, which is called social worker rain. Giving money for meetings is called social money. Folding drums to pray for the New Year is called social drums. Drinking is a cure for deafness. Mixing rice with meat is called social rice. ..... Things in the field will flourish, and we will worship the society and pray for the farmers. In ancient times, the day to worship the land god was called social day, which was usually one day in spring and autumn, and sometimes it was sacrificed at four o'clock later. Qiu Guangting, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in Ming Shi Lu: The social day is generally on the fifth day, the fifth day after beginning of spring is the Spring Club, and the fifth day after beginning of autumn is the Autumn Club, usually around the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox. Before the Han Dynasty, there were only Spring Societies, and after the Han Dynasty, there were Spring and Autumn Societies. The Spring and Autumn Society has different functions of offering sacrifices to gods, that is, the so-called spring prayer and autumn newspaper. The Spring Society mainly prayed for the land gods to bless the agricultural harvest, while the Autumn Society thanked the gods for the harvest. The cultural origin of social gods is due to the worship of the land. Land is the place where human beings live and live, and it is the most important source for human beings to obtain means of subsistence (clothing, food, shelter, etc.). The worship of natural materials on which people live is an important part of primitive worship, and our ancestors have long revered and worshipped the land. However, because of "vast territory and abundant resources, it cannot be respected all over the world; There are plenty of crops, so don't sacrifice one by one. Therefore, the closure of the land and the establishment of a society show that there is respect for the land. " With the transformation from primitive worship to personality worship, the primitive worship of the land has been transformed into the worship of the land god, and the mound that once symbolized the vast land has also become the land god, that is, the place and symbol of the owner. Sacrificial society also has a sacrificial system. The so-called "the country, the god of the land valley, the sage, deserve food." Social Day is a day to offer sacrifices to social gods. According to textual research, social day, as a festival, "originated in three generations, first flourished in Qin and Han Dynasties, spread in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties, and declined in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties". In the history of social development, the Tang Dynasty is undoubtedly an important period. Land gods are everywhere, and the family of land gods is very large. The direct supervisor is the land of Huang Tu, which imitates Heaven, and the "Land Department" of the ninth base, 36 Tuhuang Army, which is in charge of the ten directions and three realms. At the same time, there is also the local land where all parties live. The scriptures also record "Tugong Mutu, Tuzi Tusun, Tujia households", which shows how huge the land god system is. Land gods play an important role in people's daily life, not only with a huge family, but also widely distributed. There are land gods at home, in the village and in the city. Some worship the land at home, some at the door, and some at the village temple. In short, the duty of the land god is to bless Kangtai, a land figure with a clean population and safe access. In the south, the custom of offering sacrifices to the society (land gods) is the main way to hold the dragon head on February 2, and the custom of Dragon Boat Festival is mainly in midsummer Dragon Boat Festival. For example, in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other regions, there is a new "February 2" custom, which is similar to the custom of holding the dragon's head up, mainly based on the custom of offering sacrifices to the society. Because "everything is contained in the earth" and "wealth is accumulated in the earth", land gods are generally worshipped in southern China, which are also called "society", "society god", "land god" and "paying the right god", and Hakka people call them "land gods". On February 2nd, the "Social Day" is mainly about offering sacrifices to the land, gathering for social drinking, and entertaining people by worshipping and entertaining God. The word "Spring Society" means "show" and "earth" means "sacrifice". Then, society will sacrifice land. The early land god was just a god, and later it gradually became personified, called the country, commonly known as the land god, and had a spouse god (the mother of the country, commonly known as the land woman). Sometimes the land god and the valley god worship together, which is the so-called country in ancient times. Compared with Spring Festival and Autumn Festival, Spring Festival has more activities. According to the fifth day after beginning of spring, the Spring Festival is generally around the second day of February, which is said to be the birthday of the land god, so the festival on this day is particularly grand. Yuan Jinglan's "Wu Sui Jun Ji Huasheng" records this custom in Suzhou: February 2 is the birthday of the land god, and the temples in the city have their own shrines to worship, and the sacrifices are paid. In rural Tugu Temple, farmers also provide furniture to make wishes with pot pulp, while Li Shen, commonly known as Tiangong and Tianpo, was called Shegong and Shemu in ancient times. Social workers have no room and board, so it will rain on social day, which is called social worker rain. Giving money for meetings is called social money. Folding drums to pray for the New Year is called social drums. Drinking is a cure for deafness. Mixing rice with meat is called social rice. ..... Things in the field will flourish, and we will worship the society and pray for the farmers. In ancient times, the day to worship the land god was called social day, which was usually one day in spring and autumn, and sometimes it was sacrificed at four o'clock later. Qiu Guangting, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in Ming Shi Lu: The social day is generally on the fifth day, the fifth day after beginning of spring is the Spring Club, and the fifth day after beginning of autumn is the Autumn Club, usually around the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox. Before the Han Dynasty, there were only Spring Societies, and after the Han Dynasty, there were Spring and Autumn Societies. The Spring and Autumn Society has different functions of offering sacrifices to gods, that is, the so-called spring prayer and autumn newspaper. The Spring Society mainly prayed for the land gods to bless the agricultural harvest, while the Autumn Society thanked the gods for the harvest. February 2 is the birthday of the land god, and temples in the city have special shrines, where sacrifices are paid. In rural Tugu Temple, farmers also provide furniture to make wishes with pot pulp, while Li Shen, commonly known as Tiangong and Tianpo, was called Shegong and Shemu in ancient times. Social workers have no room and board, so it will rain on social day, which is called social worker rain. Giving money for meetings is called social money. Folding drums to pray for the New Year is called social drums. Drinking is a cure for deafness. Mixing rice with meat is called social rice. ..... Things in the field will flourish, and we will worship the society and pray for the farmers. Autumn House Autumn House is the fifth anniversary after beginning of autumn. After the harvest in ancient times, officials and people sacrificed to the gods on this day to show their gratitude. In the Song Dynasty, there were customs of eating cakes, drinking wine and women visiting their mothers. Later, the autumn society gradually declined, and its content was mostly merged with the Mid-Autumn Festival (July and a half). Tang Han Wo's poem "No See": "I am willing to be a royal swallow, and the autumn society will not return." Song Mengyuan's "Tokyo Dream Record Autumn Meeting": "Autumn meeting in August, offering cakes and wine. Nobles and courtyards take pork and mutton, kidney, your room, belly, lungs, ducks, cakes, melons and ginger as their genera, cut them into pieces and spread them on the chopping board with a harmonious taste, which is called "social meals" for guests to support. Women in other families are away from home and come home late, that is, their grandparents and uncles all take the new gourd and jujube as their heritage, which is commonly known as being good nephews. Mr. Shi Xue collected all the original funds for the association in advance ... When he came back, he left with his own flower basket, fruit, food and social cake. The same is true for Chunshe, Chongwu and Chongjiu. " Song and Wu's Dream in Liang Lu in August: "On Autumn Society Day, the court and counties sent officials to worship the country at the altar, praying for spring and autumn." "Ting Anne Road Zhai Tian Tou in July" in the ancient land of Qing Dynasty: "In the Central Plains, there was a farmer who worshipped Tian Shen and each brought a rice ball, chicken, melon and vegetables, and wished again at the intersection of Tian, named Zhai Tian Tou. Case: Han Changli's poem:' * * Tian Xiangtou is a musician.' Another cloud said,' I would like to have a banquet for the people of the Spring and Autumn Reunion. ... is today's July 15 sacrifice, which is also the ear of the autumn society in ancient times. "The historical evolution of the social god, that is, the land god, belongs to the worship of nature." The Twenty-five Years of the Ram Biography of Zhuang Gong records: "Drum sacrifices to the country." "Twenty-nine Years of Zuo Gong" said: "The son of the public, named Goulong, is the last soil." The afterlife is society. It can be seen that the social gods in the pre-Qin era originated from the belief in Houtu, the goulong was the social god, and the drum was used to worship the social god. "The Book of Rites Special Sacrifice in the Suburbs" said: Society, offering sacrifices to the earth, uses the first day, that is, the first day. The beginning of this day is set as the first day of February in the same book "Moon Order", that is, the first day of February. With more information about social sacrifice in Han Dynasty, we can have a better understanding of social sacrifice. "White Tiger Yi Tong Country" records: "Why does the king have a country? Seek happiness and reward for the world. People don't stand on the ground, and the valley doesn't eat. The land is vast and sparsely populated, and it is impossible to respect the world. You can't sacrifice one grain at a time. Therefore, the closure of land and the establishment of society indicate that there is soil. To respect the length of millet, so seal millet and sacrifice it. "It can be seen that in order to repay the kindness, the society has set up a soil sacrifice for the altar of' sealing the soil', which is the Spring Festival that is reported twice a year in autumn. In the Han Dynasty, there were cooperatives from emperors to governors, even in counties and townships. In addition to the national social system, China has also established private cooperatives among the people. According to the notes in Records of the Five Elements of Han Dynasty, the state stipulates that 25 schools are one society. And this person still works for the field club for fifteen years, not for the private club. The social god is personified, and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Fang Shu and Biography said that Fei Changfang could "drive away the social public." "Biography of Chen Ping in Han Shu" recorded the story of Chen Ping's sacrifice to share the meat: Li Zhongshe sacrificed, and Chen Ping was responsible for cutting the meat and sharing it equally. The elders in the village praised him for cutting meat well. Chen Ping said that if I could take charge of the world, it would be as fair as sharing meat. This story makes us understand that social sacrifices should use meat, and everyone should share the meat after the sacrifice. Therefore, social sacrifice needs a certain fee to be carried out. "History of Hanshu Foodstuffs" said: "The country tasted 300 temples in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Probably refers to the people's burden of social sacrifice. After the Han Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Festival was still held in February and August. As for the time of social sacrifice, The Preface of Jin Ji Zai She Fu said that February afternoon was celebrated in Han Dynasty, and February was chosen in Wei Dynasty, and January was celebrated in Jin Dynasty. This is due to their luck, and Wei Chunqiu society used wuyue in Li Zhiyi, Shu Wei. Sui and Tang Dynasties inherited this provision from the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, it was stipulated that beginning of autumn, beginning of spring, was a club on the fifth day after the spring equinox, and the Spring and Autumn Club was about five days after the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox. Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties implemented the old system of Tang and Song Dynasties. As far as Spring Festival clubs are concerned, they are basically held in February. The chronicle of Jingchu's age left us with the specific situation of social sacrifice. As you can see, on the Spring Festival, neighbors get together and hold ceremonies to worship the gods of the Spring Festival, killing cattle and sheep and offering wine. Build a shed under the club tree, sacrifice to the gods first, and then enjoy the wine and meat sacrificed. Social Day prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and there are many descriptions in Tang poetry. Reflect the village community sacrifice, as usual, drums gathered. Wine should be prepared for social sacrifice, and social wine should be drunk after the sacrifice. The ancient legend says that "the country drinks alcohol to cure deafness. "There will be social offerings and meat offerings, and the offerings will be divided. The Tang Dynasty also instructed social leaders to collect taxes. In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor often gave his courtiers mutton soaked in wine, seafood, instant noodles, japonica rice, steamed cakes, rice cakes and so on. Long sticks, Bai Juyi, Gao Pian and others all appeared on the social day, thanking the imperial court for the extra gifts. Generally speaking, the Spring Festival is to pray to the gods for good weather. There is also the custom of "avoiding needles" when women stop sewing on social days (Zhang Zecheng's Sacrifice to the Prosperous Tang Dynasty, No.37 in Literature and History Series, Zhonghua Book Company, 1993). The social customs of the Song Dynasty are the same as those of the Tang Dynasty. Mei's poem "Spring Society" reflects the situation of social sacrifice: "Welcome the rain of the society every year and gently wash the forest flowers. Drums under the trees, and meat crows on the altar. Spring mash drinks in * * *, and wild old people are in a state of collapse. Swallows have arrived, and their long wings are oblique. "It is worth noting that land belief prevailed in the Song Dynasty, and there are many legends about land in Hong Mai's Jane Yizhi. In the Song Dynasty, land temples were established all over the country. This kind of land temple is set up outside the community and belongs to the land belief with the community. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, social sacrifice declined in the north, but it still prevailed in the south, and land temples were further popularized. This has something to do with the system of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang asked each city to build a city god temple and each village to set up a land temple. He also stipulated that one hundred households in each village should set up an altar to worship the god of five soils and five grains. What is more striking is that since the Ming Dynasty. Jiangnan area designated February 2 as the birthday of the land god. Li Yizhen's "Full Moon Map" and Chongzhen's "Shu Min" all say that February 2nd is the birthday of the land god. The birthday of the land god also affects social sacrifice. Jiajing Zhejiang's Annals of Chun 'an County said that the countryside offered sacrifices to Li's society on February 2nd. Lu Gu's "Jia Qinglu" recorded in more detail: "(February 2) is the birthday of the land god, commonly known as the Land Lord, and officials have their temples. Officials pay homage to sacrifices, burn incense and make a fire, and all animals enjoy it. The farmers in the village also make a pot of pulp to wish God success, commonly known as Tiangong and Tianpo. " The mixture of land belief and country sacrifice is even more obvious in Jiajing's "Records of Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province": "On February Country Day, there are sacrifices to local land gods in every lane, which is called land, and people will be drunk after the country sacrifice. The same is true in autumn and August when we meet the club day. The owner of the club changes every day. " As far as the records of local chronicles in Ming and Qing dynasties are concerned, most of them record that social sacrifices are held on social days to pray for the New Year. The society at the time of social sacrifice was very lively. Jiajing Zhejiang's "Wu Kang County Records" said: "Spring Society, a few days before Qingming. A dozen or twenty people in each village are a community, and they burn wine and incense in Zhang Le to worship the ancient gods. But if you pretend to be a witch, beating gongs and drums, inserting knives and locking locks, and shouting "Hu", you will be crazy. " "Jiajing Anhui Times County Records" recorded the events of Chunshe in detail. In addition to offering sacrifices to the country, there are also customs such as soaking rice seeds, offering sacrifices to new graves and treating silkworms. In the laughter of ancient oak trees, the spring breeze belongs to the public. I prefer drinking to cure deafness. The fifth May Day after beginning of spring is Spring Club Day. In ancient times, villages were used as units to offer sacrifices to the country and pray for a bumper harvest. The god of the sacrificial society first set up a society, built a stone house on the earthen altar without a roof, pasted red paper on it, and sprinkled meat around it to pay homage to crows after the sacrifice. The Chronicle of Jingchu: "On the social day, the neighborhood formed a clan association to slaughter the animals in prison, offering sacrifices to the gods first and then enjoying them." Song Mei Yao Chen wrote the poem "Spring Club": "Welcome the rain of the club every year, and gently wash the flowers. Drums under the trees, and meat crows on the altar. Spring mash wine * * * drinks, wild old people are in a state of collapse. The swallow arrived with long and oblique wings. " February 2 "still follows the custom of offering sacrifices to the society in the southern social day festivals, such as in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other regions;" In addition, a new "February 2" custom, similar to the Dragon Head-raising Festival, is formed, focusing on offering sacrifices to the society, such as Hakka areas in eastern Guangxi. The land god was called "country" and "country god" in ancient times, and it is said that it is the god who manages one side of the land. Because "the earth carries everything" and "amasses wealth on the earth", human beings have worshipped the land. After entering the agricultural society, the belief in the land is linked with the abundance of crops. In southern China, land gods are generally worshipped, also known as "Land Gods" and "Fude Shen Zheng", while Hakkas call them "Land Gods". There is also a social day festival dedicated to social gods (namely Land Gods). The custom of "February 2" social day is rich in content, and its main activities are offering sacrifices to the land, gathering for social drinking, and entertaining people by worshipping and entertaining God. The god of the sacrificial society must first set up an altar and a temple. What the king set up was called "King Snake" and what the people set up was called "Big Society". The social altar must also have a social master-a social god. The earliest owners were trees, such as pine trees planted on altars in Xia Dynasty, cypress trees planted in Shang Dynasty and chestnut trees planted in Zhou Dynasty. Later, the owner changed to stones,' re and mounds. For example, the community altar in Beijing Zhongshan Park is dominated by five-color soil, with blue soil in the east, white soil in the west, red soil in the south, black soil in the north and loess in the middle, which not only represents the earth on earth, but also contains yin and yang and five elements. Just to pray for a bumper harvest in agriculture, the millet god was added to dominate the grain, so it was called the altar of the country. This is the "Wang Society" of the Imperial Sacrifice Society in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The co-operatives established by the people are now called land temples. There are many land temples in urban and rural areas: in towns, residents donate money to build temples; In rural areas, under the big trees outside the village, build a small temple one or two meters square, or use four stone pieces, three as walls, one as a roof and one as a broken piece as a cover. Such a "wronged" god who dominates the land, is young and strong, and has never heard of complaints and revenge from the land god. Therefore, the land gods created by the people of China are mostly kindly old people with long beards. Later, some people thought it was too lonely to let him stay alone in the small temple, so they added a wife, commonly known as Dipo according to human society. But in Fujian, Guangdong and Southwest China, people set up one or two stones in the land temple and covered them with red cloth, which is the land god-this is the ancient legacy of taking stones as the main people? The farmer also posted a piece of red paper with the land god written on it under the wall of the main hall dedicated to the god of heaven and earth, put on the incense burner, and invited the land god to protect the family. The sacrificial ceremony was a grand festival for all the people in ancient times. After the emperor went to the "King Snake" to worship Qi Feng, he also held a banquet for his ministers. People collectively offered sacrifices to the community gods in the village. From the ancient poems, we can know the scene of the social day at that time: the villagers raised money to buy pigs and sheep, then beat gongs and drums, carried pigs and sheep, carried flagons and various offerings, and gathered in front of the social temple to burn incense and worship, praying for a bumper harvest, prosperous population and peace in the village. After the sacrifice, meat will be divided according to households, and there will be picnics, dinners, drinking, drumming, duets and mowing in front of the temple, and they will return at dusk. Zhang Yan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Society Day": "Sang Shuying stays in the Spring Society, and every family is intoxicated. "The' February 2' social day in the south has inherited the folk custom of offering sacrifices to the land god since ancient times, and the belief in the land god can meet the psychological needs of the people in the south to pray for a good year and eliminate disasters, so the custom of offering sacrifices to the land god in the south has been passed down to this day. Fu Shenbao: My heart is converted to Tugu, and my surname is loyal, righteous and upright, helping the country and protecting the people, and my town is respected. Official active, palm pass, but Chen Dan to the top. After nine days of righteousness, good and evil are clear, echoing each other from afar; The three worlds are well informed and distinguish between merits and demerits. Consolidate the golden soup and lay a solid foundation for the country. Filial piety, showing great spirit, protecting the country and benefiting the people, rejoicing in the mansion, respecting God in Fude, sealing Tai Shang, respecting God in Tugu, respecting Jade Emperor, main altar town palace, land king, respecting God in Fude, and speaking Buddha by fax. Treasure of the land: a child with a heart, a life-saving gift, strictness and generosity, a long and distant age, a noble spirit and a kind elder. I am under the imperial edict of the three realms and the orders of the thunder. I am happy to live in a free kingdom. Wearing a flat-topped gold crown and holding a dragon pestle. The blue robe reflects the sun and the moon, and the footsteps often climb Xiangyun. Look left and right and support all parties. There are dragons in front, tigers behind, and they are everywhere. It is to benefit the country and the people, pray for grace and pray for spirituality. Morality is hard to name and think about, and gods have spirits. Doing everything except evil, helping the poor, being immune to hardships, and saving the people from suffering have been influenced by the world. Be merciful, be merciful, reach the heavens and the earth, protect the country and help the people, be a spiritual teacher in this environment and be a god in the field!