What are the five distinctive residential buildings in China?

Five Characteristic Residential Buildings in China:

1, Hakka dragon enclosure: The dragon enclosure is the most typical, mature and distinctive residential building of Hakka people.

2. Beijing Siheyuan: Together with Beijing Hutong, Beijing Siheyuan has become a representative of Beijing's traditional culture and folk customs and one of Beijing's city business cards.

3. Shaanxi Cave Dwellings: Shaanxi Cave Dwellings are a unique form of Han people's houses on the Loess Plateau in northern China. It is divided into earth caves, stone caves, brick caves, earth caves, Liurafter Liubazi caves and interface caves.

4. "Column" in Guangxi: This kind of building is suitable for living in rainy and humid places. Now it is mainly popular in remote areas where Zhuang people live in compact communities, including central and western Guangxi, southeastern Yunnan, southwestern Guizhou and northern Vietnam.

5. The houses around "One Letter" in Yunnan are all two floors, with patios in the middle, high walls outside the houses, and few windows are opened. The whole appearance is square, like a seal, so it is commonly known as "one seal".

Guangdong Weilongwu, Beijing Siheyuan, Shaanxi Cave Dwellings, Guangxi's "shoulder pole style" and Yunnan's "one seal" are known as the five characteristic houses.

The traditional houses common to Hakkas in Weilongwu, Guangdong Province, began in the Tang and Song Dynasties and prevailed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Hakkas choose hilly areas or sloping fields to build Longwei houses. Hakkas live in groups to prevent foreign enemies and wild animals from invading. Most of them will take five years, ten years or even longer to build a complete Longweiwu. There are two kinds of enclosed houses: palace style and dragon style. The layout is rigorous, paying attention to sitting orientation, primary and secondary, symmetry, balanced appearance, grandeur, elegance and solemnity, which shows the aesthetic purport of Confucian orthodox culture and the high level of architecture.

Beijing Siheyuan Siheyuan is a closed house with only one street gate outside. The closed door comes from Chengtiandi, which has strong privacy and is very suitable for exclusive residence. The quadrangle is a brick-wood structure, with purlins, columns, beams (rafters), sills, rafters, doors and windows, partition fans, etc. It's all made of wood, and the walls around the wooden shelf are made of bricks. The north room (main room), south room (inverted room) and east and west room, which are separated on all sides, are surrounded by high walls to form a quaternity. There is a yard in the middle of the yard, which is spacious. There are flowers and trees in the courtyard and goldfish in the fish tank. It is the center of the courtyard layout, and it is also the place where people walk, light, ventilate, enjoy the cool, rest and do housework.

Cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi should have started in the Zhou Dynasty at the earliest. After the Qin and Han dynasties, it developed into an all-crypt type, which is now the earth kiln. In the middle of Ming dynasty, stones were used as kiln walls. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the local people built caves modeled on earth kilns. Now there are also new caves with painted tiles and kiln surfaces. The hall and room are separated, and the upper and lower floors are more comfortable and pleasant to live in. Generally divided into earth kiln, stone kiln, brick kiln and interface kiln. Earth kiln is a loess cave dug in the mountain. Stone kiln brick kiln is a cave made of stone and brick on the flat ground. Interface kiln is a cave with a layer of stone or brick hoop kiln surface at the entrance of soil cave. This kind of cave looks neat and solid. Most caves in northern Shaanxi are built on the mountain, which occupies less land and has low construction cost. Now the average farmer can build a decent stone kiln for about 2000 yuan. The cave is sound-proof, heat-proof and heat-preservation, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. They are called "Shenxian Cave" and are the first choice at home.

Guangxi, the "polar pillar" of Guangxi, is located in the subtropical zone, with high temperature and rainy weather and humid places. Most people use bamboo to build houses, which are generally four-bedroom and three-bedroom wooden buildings with one floor and one bottom. The roof is covered with small blue tiles and surrounded by wooden walls or adobe walls. Some Dong people's houses are built on the second floor in front of the main building, and an eave is added at the horizontal waist to increase the use space under the eaves and form a spacious front porch, which is convenient for taking a nap and enjoying the cool.

Yunnan's "One Seal" The residential buildings of ethnic minorities such as Kunming, Dali and Lijiang in Yunnan are mostly square, which is called "One Seal". The building is composed of a main room and a wing, which is symmetrical and steady, square and square, with tile-topped earth walls. Looking down from the air, the whole layout is like a seal, which is self-contained and a closed residence.