What are the characteristics of northern homes? How is it different from the south

What are the characteristics of the northern houses? What is the difference between the south and

macro view of the examination of the artistic characteristics of the northern Han architecture, there are two most striking:

First, the Beijing courtyard as the representative of the government-style house building, as palaces, altars and temples, courts, tombs, government offices and other official buildings, belonging to a high degree of programmed wooden frame system, whether in the overall layout of the house community, the organization of the courtyard, the spatial arrangement, or in the house of the shape, configuration, orientation, frame, size, roof, decoration, and even material color, fine decoration and so on. House shape, configuration, orientation, frame, size, roof, decoration to material color, detail decoration, etc., are after a long period of screening, pottery, forming a set of strict stereotypes of the program, showing a high degree of maturity of the official style style style;

Secondly, widely spread in the northern part of the land of the Han Chinese house, although the pattern of the house is not the same across the house, the architectural system, the practice of materials and the appearance of the house presents a variety of vernacular Difference, but in the artistic style reflect a light and southern house of the dexterity of the character of a very different, showing a simple and thick northern style.

Compared with the southern region, the northern land climate is relatively cold, the land is relatively loose, the terrain is relatively flat, relatively homogeneous vernacular materials, folk economic and cultural development is relatively lagging behind, the folk than the South is simple, simple, rough. It is the natural flavor, cultural practices and vernacular building materials and many other factors of the integrated constraints, so that the northern parts of the residential generally present a simple and thick architectural features.

In the group layout, the plains-type composition and discrete combinations bring the overall neat and square pattern of village and town settlements and houses.

The northern part of the vast land, mountains and rivers, beautiful, relatively sparsely populated, so the settlement site is often in the flat section, most of which belongs to the plains type of composition. The lot of loose and combined terrain leveling for the village and the regular layout of the house provides a strong condition, the same area of the vernacular architectural form of unity, coupled with the cold climate, the need for adequate sunshine, the main house are striving to sit in the north to the south. This makes the overall layout of the northern monolithic architecture of cottage and courtyard houses more than a stereotypical format, upright orientation, uniform elevation, even distribution, neatly arranged. The internal composition of the house is mostly discrete, which is to obtain sufficient sunlight, the house is also loose for the distance between the preparation of the conditions. The colder the climate, the looser the land, and the more pronounced the degree of this discrete type. It is easy to see that the composition of the adjoining type is in the mansion full of houses in pieces, the atrium and the corner of the mouth to leave a small scale, for ventilation and lighting of the patio, combined with irregular lots to adapt to the combination of flexible and varied space and the appearance of the patchwork. The discrete layout makes each single building relatively independent, presenting a regular courtyard and a stereotyped house. The space here is relatively stereotypical and plain, and the houses here are uniform and stereotypical with hard hills and overhanging hills, which lacks the change of heights according to the topography and the change of architectural silhouettes, such as the wind and fire walls in the south. Mansion of the street facade is also very simple, usually showing a large plain courtyard wall or inverted seat of the house of the rear gable wall, all rely on the door and the doorway of different specifications of the system and different degrees of modification, in order to obtain the mansion of different elegance of the facade.

The northern region is not all plains-type settlements, the vast loess area, the Liangxuan undulating, gullies and ravines, the terrain changes. Distributed here in the kiln community, or along the contour of the beams and gullies arranged, or hidden in a large area of soil plateau, they rely on the mountains along the gully, layer after layer, free of the difference between the height of the ups and downs. As the kilns themselves do not show the volume of the building, they are maximally integrated into the loess earth, unified in the loess texture and loess color. The undulation here is not the southern characteristics of the light folding dexterity, is still the northern charm of the simple and rugged.

In terms of architectural shape, the building space is shackled by the heavy entity and constrained by the efficiency of the frame and heating facilities, resulting in the monolithic volume of the building is regular and thick.

From the constraints of architectural space and architectural entities, the northern house has three different aspects with the south, noteworthy features:

First, by the heavy entity of the constraints. The hot climate in the south, residential walls, roofs can be made very thin, lightweight, architectural space is in a more active position, can be more free to expand and contract, concave and convex, more convenient to extend, permeable, architectural entities can be applied to the terrain of the architectural space for all kinds of flexible processing needs; and cold climate is inevitable to the northern residential heavy walls and heavy roofs, making the architectural entity is very bulky and heavy, but not convenient to concave and convex, architectural entity is very bulky and heavy, not easy. Not easy to concave into the convex, architectural space by the entity of the strict yoke, had to present a regular shape.

Secondly, it is subject to the constraints of framing efficiency. North and south of the house, the same wooden frame as the main structural system, the southern residents used to wear bucket frame, while the northern residents used to lift the beam frame. These two frames are not with diagonal bars, failed to form a stable composition of triangular bars, its rigidity mainly rely on the O mortise close together. Thick roof and thick walls in the north, with heavy maintenance structure plays a role in stabilizing the frame, while the thin maintenance structure in the south is not enough to stabilize the frame, which is the northern dwellings using the stronger carrying capacity of the lifting beam frame, while the southern dwellings use their own stiffness is stronger through the bucket frame is a big reason. The dense pivot point and the flexible interspersing of the piercing square of the bucket frame provide the frame with freer flexibility of expansion and contraction, extension, overlapping, falling, overhanging, articulation, adjoining, etc., which is conducive to adapting to different spatial combinations, different topographic undulations and different appearance shapes. Raised beam frame lacks such flexibility, structurally constrained the flexibility of the building form.

Third, the heating facilities by the constraints. Northern dwellings generally use the kang for heating, the kang needs to be adjacent to the stove, in order to take advantage of the residual heat of the blowing fire, which leads to the bedroom and the kitchen of the close line and the restriction of the whole house plane of flexible changes.

These three constraints, coupled with the previously mentioned terrain leveling, loose ground constraints for sunlight to the sunshine and make the constraints of the house discrete, so that the building of the northern homes of the single maximum to maintain a rectangular regular plane. A large number of houses are "one bright and two dark" three basic types, changes in the plane is basically limited to the adjustment of the openings, or narrowed to two openings, or extended to five openings, in the direction of the depth of almost no concave convex. This obsession to maintain the rules of the rectangular plane, in function, can ensure that each room have the front gable of the sufficient sunlight, technically can ensure that the walls are straight and the roof of the regularity of the indoor space is very strict restrictions, resulting in the indoor space of the northern homes appear particularly regular, bland and lack of flexible changes.

In the detailed treatment, specializing in "coarse material and fine work" to highlight the key decorations, to achieve "coarse and fine" aesthetic flavor. Northern residential overall style of simplicity and thick, does not mean that the details of the treatment of simple, rough. Kao Gong Ji" mentions that: Heaven has time, earth has gas, material has beauty, and work has skill. Combining these four, then can be good. Emphasis on material beauty and skill is a long tradition of Chinese craftsmanship and technology. Folk residence construction is limited to financial resources, material resources and hierarchical rules, mainly relying on cheap and easy to obtain local materials, generally using "coarse materials". Chinese folk houses have accumulated a very important tradition, that is, attaching importance to the "coarse material and fine work" is good at optimizing the material beauty of coarse material through fine work, and refining the fine parts of the building through workmanship. In the northern residential construction, this "coarse material fine work" is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

Recycling texture For the natural color of the coarse material, did not stay in the use of a single material, but pay attention to the heterogeneous matching of different materials. This is in the wall, paving, paving and other links have obvious performance, such as brick walls, stone walls, cut seam organization, back tile, cover tile ridge organization, flower wall, wall cap flower tile organization, indoor paving brick seam organization, flower and stone pathway texture organization and so on are in the same material "once the texture" on the basis of the use of its structural combinations and cut seam pattern And recreate the expressive "secondary texture". Walls, columns and beams, roofing, decoration and other different components constitute a contrast between different materials and harmonization for a large area of homogeneous materials, but also pay close attention to the combination of the structure of the delicate texture changes.

Sublimation pattern Architecture provides a series of geometric lines, these lines from the perspective of composition to organize, sublimation into decorative patterns, is a basic way of architectural art. Traditional houses pay great attention to achieve the effect of rough material and fine work through this way. In the northern dwellings, this is most concentrated in the doors, windows, partitions, flower covers and other internal and external eaves decoration.

Focus on decorations A closer look at the northern homes, in the simple and thick overall style, but also embraces the richness of the decorations. In the mansion as a whole, these decorations are mainly distributed in the main door, doorway, shadow wall, the second door, gable and other parts. Especially the main door and the gatehouse become the concentration point of decoration. Most of the wooden parts of the houses are "painted with tung oil" without colorful lacquer, so the decoration of the houses does not account for much, and the main means of decoration are brick carvings, wood carvings and stone carvings in a small area. Usually color painting can be painted with beam square and other large wood force components, and wood carvings will try to fall in the non-transmission of the end of the head and small wood filler parts to maintain the clarity of the structural logic, not due to carving and decoration and damage to the integrity of the components. Brick carving, stone carving is the same. Just the right portion of the carving for the coarse material construction of residential inlays on the extremely decorative details, and achieved a coarse in the fine, earth in the show effect.

What are the characteristics of the southern homes? And what is the difference between the north

Characteristics of the southern residence:

The south of the rain, the roof slope is large, easy to drain; the south of the winter is not very cold, the house is generally no heating device; the south of the air humid and humid, the house has large open windows, high walls, to ventilate the moisture.

Characteristics of northern homes:

The north is dry, the roof is mostly flat or small slope; northern winter is cold, the summer is shorter, the house is very careful to prevent the cold, warmth, heating devices: warm kang, warm wall, floor furnace; the north to block the wind and avoid the cold, the wall is thick and plain, the walls and windows have good thermal insulation function.

What is the difference between the Northeast and the South

The difference in geography and climate creates a difference between the people of the South and the North, in terms of personality, behavior and way of thinking. Southerners are more natural, northerners are more social; southerners are shrewd, northerners are simple; southerners are cunning and narrow, northerners are bold; southerners are small, northerners are straight Northern people love to fight, in short, it is not good, but this is not good, but there is also a little bit of strengths to come. Southern people have grudges, noisy, and sometimes do not fight, so a little bit of small grudges, slowly become a big contradiction, to be resolved on the day, I am afraid that has hurt both sides for a long time very deep. Northern people are different, as long as it is not a knife, bench swing up, a head broken, blood flowed out, the problem is also solved. To the hospital to bandage the head, the two brothers to find a small restaurant, called a bottle of wine, a talk, and from then on became close friends. Northern people love to talk about a righteousness, what things, righteousness first put the first, right or wrong are in the second place. What people offended my brother, I head, even if in fact, brother, you are wrong, but also always beat that person down, to brother you recognize a mistake to make amends a gift to relieve the anger. This is a sign that the northern people are not highly civilized. Southerners always have to talk about the right and wrong, serving the law and discipline, righteousness in their eyes, seems to be a little lighter. Southern people are more open-minded, probably because they are more developed market consciousness, institutional consciousness, they talk about competition, talk about the operation, talk about money. Southern women, quiet and calm, soft and charming people, the boudoir type mostly They are high and cold, but also lazy and loving, they do extinguish some kind of enthusiasm and *** Northern women, is endowed with the exuberant, passionate, coarse, brisk personality Northern women are the men in the wickerwork to help the men to fight the women

What is the difference between the north and the south of the employment?

To the north of the coastal areas of the work is still better, the work pressure is not very big, the salary is okay, mainly because of the prospects for development.

The south is basically saturated with work, it is not easy to find a good job, and the pressure of work and life is also relatively high.

The rest of the North is still not recommended, the development space is limited!

What's the difference between South China and the South?

The South accounts for a larger part of China, but South China is better Oh I wish to be happy every day! (South China belongs to the South) Add: Because the overall economy of South China is quite good Oh and transportation and other external environment and the entire cultural environment are quite good

North New Year's Eve customs and the South what is the difference. 100 words

The North is a temple fair! The main thing is to eat The North eat dumplings The South is still eating . The food will be different, the northern people are keen on noodles, so almost every family will eat dumplings, while the southern people like to eat rice, may eat rice cakes or soup dumplings and so on. Then there's the temple fair in the north, the ice lanterns, the relatives in each family, and the firecrackers. I'm not sure about the south, but it should be very lively. But now the New Year's atmosphere are very strong, buy new clothes and new shoes, including the new year's money and so on.

What is the difference between the weather in the north and the south?

A lot of friends tell me that the weather in the north has four distinct seasons, which puzzles me because I really don't see how it can be characterized by four distinct seasons.

First of all: the north in my six years of experience, only found two seasons: winter and summer.

That is, about six months of winter, from mid-October to mid-April of the next year, more than the time is actually the summer, I do not know whether the brothers in the north see this view I have to have some views.

Because I grew up living in the south, let me feel the difference y.

In the south, in addition to winter is not very obvious, the other seasons are very, very obvious.

Spring comes, everything is revived, you can see the green grass began to bud, and peach trees began to blossom, a walk to the field, you can find everything has the kind of breath of spring.

The arrival of summer, more embodied in the temperature began to soar, some of the summer fruit also began to appear on the market, such as grapes, watermelon, of course, there is that green water river ponds, green lotus leaves Tingting standing, so you feel that the summer has begun to pay attention to changes in temperature, to avoid heatstroke Oh.

The south of the fall, more deep meaning, hurriedly falling leaves, red maple leaves, and that yellow tangerine, sweet sugar cane, big pomelo, delicious red dates, everything, all on behalf of the harvest in the fall, remembering that when I was a child, my father would always be in the season to show a better state of mind and a happier mood, because this is the time of year all the pay pay off. At this time of the year myself, I remember always having to get up early to work in the fields, and the rest of course was just as happy as my father, because so many good things to eat appeared. Hey

Along with the harvest, winter also quietly came, in fact, the winter in the south is not as obvious as the north, thick snow let a person a scene, the omen of the coming of the winter in the south is that the big morning white entropy, the other changes in temperature is not very obvious, because at best, a few degrees below zero, the time of the snow is very little, I have the impression of the 98 years of snow, freezing death of a lot of many trees. The rest is not very obvious to me. When I was a child, snow, my brother always took me, swept away a small piece of snow, and then put some white rice, with a cover and rope tethered, a little Lu Xun that era, and then wait for the sparrows to come.

If the winter in the south can appear some snow, I think it will be more people will realize that the south is the real four seasons ah.

What is the difference between the roof of the North and the roof of the South

The roof of the South is high and pointed, the reason is that the annual precipitation in the South is large, the climate is hot, high and pointed roofs are conducive to both drainage, but also conducive to ventilation and heat. North due to less precipitation, so the roof is built more flat top, which can save building materials, but also can be used as a place to dry crops

Private homes in the north and south there are also great differences in the north and south, most of the north is only built houses and yards, do not build gardens, such as Shanxi's Wang family compound Drainage family compound Tianjin's Shijia compound, etc., did not build gardens, and some of the compound is built with a theater In the Beijing region, the residence to the In the Beijing area, the residence is mainly courtyard, in the large family courtyard built in the garden in the south of the rich people's homes in most of the garden, which is today's gardens, such as Suzhou, Suzhou Garden most of the private garden, as well as Yangzhou Garden and so on.

What is the difference between the New Year's Eve customs in the north and the south (about 200 words)

North

Tianjin Tianjin people call the eighth day of the first month of the lunar calendar "Lahaer", and there is the custom of drinking Laha congee. Many people in Tianjin also soak garlic in vinegar on this day, which is called "Lapa vinegar". Lunar New Year's Eve 15 began, a variety of New Year's goods are all listed to the Niangniang Palace as the axis of the Palace of the Palace of the North Street is bustling. Boys to the Niangniang Palace, the first goal is the wind gourd, adult men here, can not forget to buy lanterns, women come here is mostly "washing dolls. From the Niangniang Palace tethered back to the "doll" every year to "wash a time", which is the festival before the women must do things. On the twenty-third day of the Lunar New Year, the day of the ascension of Lord Zao to heaven, every family buys sugar melons and waits until 12 o'clock at night to offer incense to Lord Zao. After the incense burned out, please Zao Wang statue, light the fire burned, the New Year's Eve and then buy a new Zao Wang statue, also known as the "Zao Wang yards," replaced, year after year, are so. Tianjin also has the custom of the Spring Festival pasted hanging money, hanging money is cut and carved with colored paper patterns, pasted on the windows and doors of the glass and horizontal prongs, as the Spring Festival festive atmosphere of the embellishments. Paste on the hanging money can only be damaged on the fifth day of the first month, otherwise it means a year of bad luck. Tianjin people call the fifth day of the first month for the "broken five", this day, families eat dumplings, chopping board to ding dong ring, so that the neighbors hear, to show that they are chopping the "little man". Tianjin people attribute bad things to the "little man", get rid of the "little man" in order to be lucky, smooth, the fifth night firecrackers, also has the meaning of avoiding evil and avoiding disaster.

Hainan In the view of the Hainanese, all the folklore is according to the will of the people, people's aspirations, artificially done, so, in the Hainanese dialect, all the folklore behavior in front of the addition of a "to do" word, such as do Qingming, do pro family (i.e., get married), and the northern people, "New Year's Day! ", the Hainanese dialect called "do year". It should be noted that "do year" refers to "do the old year" that is, the Spring Festival. The north said on New Year's Day, Hainan called "do new year". However, in Hainan countryside, "New Year" is not the year to "do". Hainan proverb "year afraid of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the month afraid of fifteen". After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the countryside is preparing to "do year". New Year's Eve night, room light, room light, night and day, for days until the dawn of the fourth day to stop; commonly known as "hair light", take the "Ding Fu Cai" meaning. Early in the morning on the first day, young and old have to get up to eat "fasting rice" (i.e., for the clean and white to commemorate the ancestors). "Ramadan" is not only similar to the Islamic halal food, and just as the North must eat fish on New Year's Eve (year after year), as well as eating things must have auspicious symbols, which must be stir-fried eggplant (eggplant, Hainanese language means a year better than a year), stir-fried watercress ("celery" and "hard work"). "and" diligence "resonance, praying for the whole family in the new year hard work), long fans (implying that the life of a long stream), yellow like a golden treasure-like dried bean curd (implying that the wealth of the treasure) ......

A South

What is the difference between pollen allergy in the north and the south of China

Pollen allergy has nothing to do with the north and the south, mainly because different people are allergic to certain pollen, some people are allergic to cherry blossoms, and some people are even allergic to willow flakes. It still has something to do with people's physique, and not much to do with anything else.