According to the tradition of phonology in China

Phoneme is the smallest phonetic unit divided from the perspective of timbre, and a Mandarin syllable can be composed of one to four phonemes.

Such as ah ā a phoneme; Afraid of p two phonemes; Tài three phonemes; Gu m: ng gu m: ng four phonemes (ng is a phoneme). So what are the characteristics of these phonemes in the process of pronunciation? In the traditional Chinese phonology, phonemes are divided into two categories-vowels and consonants, according to whether the airflow in the pharynx and mouth is smooth and whether the vocal cords vibrate. The airflow in the pharynx and mouth is smooth, and the vocal cords vibrate with vowels when pronouncing. The airflow is blocked in different ways in the pharynx and mouth, and most vocal cords do not vibrate when pronounced as consonants. In syllables, vowels and consonants are mainly used as vowels and initials.

I think tons should be three phonemes, d, u, n; It should also play three phonemes, w, a and n.

We didn't mention the concept of phoneme in school, but I hope I can help you @