What are the characteristics and technical forms of Chinese painting

Compared with Western painting, Chinese painting has its own obvious features. Traditional Chinese painting does not talk about focus perspective, does not emphasize the changes of light and color in nature for the objects, and does not stick to the resemblance of the appearance of the objects, but emphasizes the expression of the author's subjective interests. Chinese painting emphasizes "writing God with form", and pursues a feeling of "wonderful between likeness and unlikeness": what about Western painting? On the other hand, Western painting emphasizes "writing shape with shape", and of course, in the process of creation, it also focuses on the expression of "God". But it is very concerned about the overall picture, generalization. Some people say that Western painting is the art of "reproduction" and Chinese painting is the art of "expression", which is not unreasonable.

Chinese painting has its own unique characteristics compared with Western painting, which are also manifested in its artistic methods, artistic subdivisions, composition, use of brush, ink, color and other aspects. According to the artistic methods, Chinese painting can be divided into three forms: brushwork, writing and both work and writing. Work-brush is to use the brush neatly and carefully, coloring layers of rendering, details into the subtle, with extremely delicate strokes to depict the object, so called "work-brush". And what about the realistic style? Relative to the "brushwork" in terms of the use of bold and concise ink and brushwork to depict the shape and spirit of the object, expressing the author's feelings. It should have a high degree of ability to generalize, to have less than more of the implicit meaning, the pen should be accurate, the pen should be skillful, to be able to adapt to, the intention of the pen to. The form of both work and writing is a synthesis of the two methods of work and writing.

From the point of view of the division of art, Chinese painting can be divided into three major painting disciplines: figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, which are mainly divided by the differences in the objects depicted. And the paintings of animals and beasts, saddle horses, insects, vegetables and fruits in Chinese painting can be categorized into these three categories respectively.

Chinese paintings also have their own characteristics in terms of composition, brushwork, ink and color. The composition of Chinese paintings generally does not follow the golden rule of Western paintings, but is either a long scroll or a vertical scroll, with the length and width ratio being "out of proportion". However, it can well express the special mood and subjective interest of the painter. Meanwhile, in terms of perspective, Chinese painting is different from Western painting. Perspective is a term for painting, which means that when painting, the method of representing all objects correctly on a plane, so that they have a sense of space and three-dimensionality of distance, height and height, is called perspective. This method is called perspective. Because the phenomenon of perspective is near, big and far, it is often called the "near and far method". Western painting is generally used in focal point perspective, which is like taking a picture, fixed in a footing, subject to spatial limitations, into the lens on the truth down, otherwise it will not be photographed. Chinese painting is not necessarily fixed at a fixed point of painting, but also not subject to the limitations of a fixed field of view, it can be based on the painter's feelings and needs, so that the point of movement of the painting, to see and see the scenery into their own picture. This kind of perspective is called scattered perspective or multi-point perspective. For example, the famous painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan's "Along the River During the Qingming Festival", which we are familiar with, uses the scattered perspective method. The painting reflects the rich and complex scenery inside and outside Bianliang, the capital city of the Northern Song Dynasty. It takes Bianhe River as the center, and draws from the distant countryside to the bustling "Rainbow Bridge"; the viewer can see both the city and the countryside; the pedestrians on the bridge and the boats under the bridge; the buildings and trees in the near distance, and the deep streets and river ports in the distance. And no matter which section you are standing on, the proportion of the scenery is similar, if you follow the Western method of focusing on the perspective to paint, many places are simply impossible to paint. This is the ancient Chinese painters according to the content and artistic expression of the need to create a unique perspective method.

The use of brush and ink is an important part of the modeling of Chinese painting. Brush strokes emphasize the changes of thickness, speed, staccato, twists and turns, squareness and roundness in order to express the texture of the object. Generally speaking, the starting and stopping strokes should be forceful, the force of the wrist should be firm, the air in the middle should not be broken, and the stopping strokes should not be lightly picked. When using the pen, the light force is floating, the heavy force is Tingtun, the fast movement is slippery, the slow movement is stagnant, the partial use is thin, the positive use is board. To do curved line like a bow, straight line like a ruler, which is the meaning of the pen. The ancients summarized the eighteen strokes of the outline, which can be said to be a summary of the experience of Chinese painting with the brush. As for the use of ink, it emphasizes on chapping, rubbing, pointing and dyeing interactively, dry, wet, thick and light reasonably deployed, in order to shape the body and color the atmosphere. Generally speaking, the ink of Chinese painting is wonderful, lies in the thick and light, all thick and light are no spirit, there must be thick and light, thick place must be wonderful and not stagnant, light place must be beautiful and not obscure. Ink is also like using color, the ancient experience of ink in five colors, there are also ink as gold painting style. The use of ink should also be thick and talk about each other, so that there is light in the thick, light in the thick; thick to have the thickest and the second thick, light to have a little talk about the lighter, which is the flexible use of the brush method of Chinese painting. As Chinese painting and calligraphy in the tool and pen have many **** the same place, the two have formed an unbreakable bond, the ancients have long been "painting and calligraphy from the same source," said. However, there are also differences between the two, calligraphy is a lot of changes in brushwork, especially cursive, to be better than painting, and painting ink colorful, and more than calligraphy. The word "brush and ink" is used as an umbrella term for Chinese painting techniques, which is not only a means of shaping an image, but also has an independent aesthetic value in its own right.

Chinese painting also has its own way of applying color, and the pigments used are mostly natural minerals or animal shells, which are resistant to wind and sunlight and remain unchanged for a long time. The method of applying color is mostly flat, pursuing the effect of the inherent color of the object, with little change of light and shadow.

The above characteristics of Chinese painting mainly refer to the traditional Chinese painting. But these characteristics, with the advance of the times. Artistic content and form are also updated and constantly changing. Especially after the May Fourth Movement, there was a great influx of Western painting, and Chinese painting, with its own broad mind, absorbed many techniques of Western art, enriching the expressive power of Chinese painting. However, regardless of the changes, the basic characteristics of the traditional Chinese painting should not be lost, and the fine traditions of Chinese painting should be maintained and carried forward, because Chinese painting has become a unique system in the field of world art, and it is a unique color in the garden of the world's art where thousands of flowers bloom and thousands of ravines compete for the flow of art. Chinese painting is the crystallization of our nation's high wisdom, excellent talent and hard work, and is a precious treasure of our nation.

2) The technical form of Chinese painting

(1) The composition and layout are free. According to the needs of the theme, break through the limitations of time and space, such as: "Qingming Shanghe Tu", "Yangtze River Miles", etc., the composition of the use of scattered perspective, the thousands of miles away, the content of the time between days concentrated in a picture.

(2) Generalization of content, prominent subject. The modeling concept of Chinese painting originates from life, and in the process of refining, selecting and processing objects, it is not detached from people's visual experience, nor does it violate the logic of life, and it pays attention to transforming the natural objects into the symbols of painting forms expressed with ink and lines through artistic management.

(3) Line modeling is the main focus, supplemented by point and surface modeling. The shape, quality and image of the object is through the combination of various lines of different weights and thicknesses, as well as different sizes and realities of points and surfaces to match down.

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