How to grow grain

Grain is one of China's traditional cultivation of cash crops, mainly grown in the northern region of China. Grain is rich in nutritional value, especially the content of carotene and vitamins, which can not be replaced by other miscellaneous grains, so the grain has a high planting value. In the process of planting cereals, seed propagation is the most common propagation method, which directly affects the yield and quality of cereal planting. So, how to plant cereal seeds?

One, seed treatment

Seed treatment is to ensure that the seedling Qi, seedling full, seedling strong effective measures, the specific treatment methods are:

1. Sun seed: one week before sowing, choose a sunny day will be the seed spread on the mat about 2-3 cm thick, turning sunshine 2-3 days, after the sun seed of the cereals can significantly improve the Seed germination rate and germination potential.

2. Selection of seeds: first screening after brine selection: brine selection specific gravity of 1.06, generally 10 pounds of water plus 1 pound of salt that is this specific gravity, after brine selection of seeds germination rate can be increased by more than 10%. Specific practice is to pour the seeds into a bucket or basin of salt water, stirring with a strainer to fish out small and light seeds, sunk in the bottom of the water are large and full of seeds, can be used after drying.

3. Pharmaceutical seed mixing and smothering: In order to prevent underground pests and black spikes disease, white disease damage, often before sowing pharmaceutical seed mixing. Common practice is that the salt water selected seeds dry to seven, eight percent dry, every 100 kg of seed with 2 two phoxim in water 5-8 pounds with a sprayer sprayed on the seed, while spraying and stirring, mixing, stacked, covered with sacks, smothered for 6-12 hours, can control underground pests. In order to prevent black spindle disease and white disease will be smothered seeds after drying, with the seed weight of 0.2-0.3% grams of Dan, carbendazim, fumitoxin seed mixing; can also be used to 40% of the quintozene 250 grams of 20 pounds of seed mixing.

Second, the amount of seed sown in the grain

Grain seedlings are generally to be inter-seeded, so the amount of seed sown does not determine the plant density. But how much seeding on the seedlings of the strong and weak but has a great impact. Cereal grain is small, such as 1,000 grains weighing 2.5 grams, a catty of seed has 200,000 grains, according to the per acre seedling retention of 30,000-60,000 calculated, plus the field loss rate, the amount of seeding per acre of 0.2-0.3 pounds will be enough. In fact, the cereal production areas generally exist "money to buy seeds, no money to buy seedlings" idea, fear of drought does not protect seedlings, the amount of seeding is generally too much, often more than the number of seedlings left five or six times, so that the cereal seedlings dense, between the seedlings a little untimely, we must affect the growth of young seedlings, easy to cause seedling shortage and reduce yields. Therefore, under the premise of good preparation of the ground to preserve moisture and ensure the quality of sowing, we should appropriately control the amount of sowing.

Determining the amount of seed sown should be based on the seed germination rate, the quality of pre-sowing land preparation, underground pest damage. If the seed germination rate is high, the seed quality is good, soil moisture is good, the underground pests are less, the quality of the whole ground is high, the amount of seed can be less, the amount of seed per acre can be controlled within 1 catty; if the soil is sticky, the quality of the whole ground is poor, spring drought is serious plots, the amount of seed per acre should be increased appropriately. The use of mechanical seeding, in order to control the amount of seeding, so that the seed is uniform and control of underground pests, can be mixed in the seed of fried grain or poisoned grain, the effect is better.

Three, the sowing depth of grain

Sowing depth has a great impact on seedling growth. Because the endosperm of the grain storage of nutrients is very little, such as sowing too deep, late seedling, in the process of seedling consumed a lot of nutrients, grain seedling growth is weak, and even out of the soil, reducing the rate of emergence, even if the seedling, the rhizome should also be stretched out a long time to prolong the time of emergence, increase the chance of disease infestation. Mulch thickness of 10 cm, seedling emergence rate than 3 cm 27.4% lower, late emergence 2-3 days. The appropriate depth of sowing can make the seedlings emerge early, consume less nutrients, and is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. The grain is small, in principle, shallow sowing is better, the depth is usually 3-5 cm. In plots with much soil moisture, it can also be appropriately shallow. But in the spring windy, severe drought, sowing too shallow, the seed is easy to be blown away by the wind, it will be lack of seedlings broken, and even the danger of ruining the land to re-sow.

If the weather is dry and the dry soil layer is too thick, the mulch should not be too deep, but should take the drought seeding method of sowing. Cereal seeds are small, shallow sowing, and cereal producing areas in the spring drought and windy, evaporation, sowing layer often feel the lack of moisture. If the quality of land preparation is not good, there are bumpy gaps in the soil, the grain can not be in close contact with the soil, the seed is difficult to absorb water and germinate. In order to promote seed fast water absorption, early germination and deep rooting, seedling neat, after sowing * is an important seedling measures. In addition to the soil humidity is large, after sowing is not needed for the time being, generally should be with the seed with. The use of columbarium sowing area is usually with the columbarium to砘压. Sowing to seedling should be based on soil moisture 2-3 times, there are moisture conservation and moisture effect. Commonly used methods are also stepping on the grid.

Four, grain sowing method

The main method for the ridge sowing, in the past the first groove on the ridge, point gourd under the seed, the broadcast width is narrower, the depth of sowing is inconsistent, the grain seedling grows into a line of fewer plants, low yield. At present, more than the use of improved equipment, three rows of rows or double strip seeding, wider than the past broadcast width, density, yield increase is significant, double strip seeding of grain seedlings are in the side rows, the group layout is reasonable, the individual growth and development is good.

Small conclusion to do a good job of sowing and propagating grain, is the basis for successful planting of grain, but also to realize the key to high quality and high yield of grain.