What is the local customs of this place in Shanxi from ancient times to the present?

Shanxi Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the eastern part of the Loess Plateau. In the meantime, there are mountains, vertical and horizontal hills, mountains surrounded by water, complex terrain, diverse landforms, moderate climate and distinct seasons, and nature has created colorful scenery. Shanxi is also one of the cradles of Chinese civilization with a long history. It is known as "China Museum of Ancient Art" and "Country of Documents", and 70% of the ancient buildings on the ground in China have been preserved. Therefore, the tourism industry says that "China will see Shenzhen in ten years, Shanghai in China in one hundred years, Xi in China in one thousand years and Shaanxi in China in five thousand years". Natural beauty, historical civilization, revolutionary historical sites and achievements in the new period have become unique, ancient, modern and colorful tourism resources in Shanxi.

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Natural tourism resources

The complex and changeable geological, geomorphological, hydrological and meteorological conditions in Shanxi have created many magnificent and charming natural landscapes, such as famous mountains and rivers, grotesque caves, clear springs and lakes, rapids and waterfalls, magical phenomena and precious creatures. Its rich natural tourism resources rank among the top in China. Except for the ocean and desert, Shanxi has almost all natural landscapes, but salt ponds, permanent ice caves and volcanic groups are not available in most provinces.

Famous Mountains and Great Rivers: There are many famous mountains in Shanxi, which is the only province in China with four famous Buddhist mountains in five towns and five mountains. The most famous ones are Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue, one of the five mountains, Wutai Mountain, the first of the four famous Buddhist mountains, Wudang Mountain in the north of Taoism, Mianshan and Wulaofeng, one of the top ten nature reserves in China, Lushan Mountain in Zhong Zhen, one of the five towns, Lishan Mountain, Taihang Grand Canyon, Wangmang Ridge and Huangyadong Mountain in Taihang Mountains, Lingkong Mountain and Gypsum Mountain, which are the largest virgin forests in North China. Some can visit and watch, some can spend the summer, some can visit the ancient times to find seclusion, and some can pay tribute. The Yellow River is the first in Dachuan, which is the natural dividing line between Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. It flows through 19 counties in Shanxi, with a flow of 965 kilometers, and successively flows into 18 larger tributaries and thousands of streams. There are many beautiful peaks on both sides of the Yellow River Gorge in Shanxi and Shaanxi. The Yellow River in fenglingdu is dozens of miles wide, which is the widest place of the Yellow River. These famous mountains and rivers are like beautiful scrolls, forming many scenic spots and becoming inexhaustible tourism resources in Shanxi.

Cave Stone Xiongguan: There are many limestone caves in Taihang Mountain, Luliang Mountain and Zhongtiaoshan in Shanxi Province, such as Qinshui Baiyun Cave, Huguanzituan Cave, Yuxian Wanhua Cave, Yuhua Cave, Taiyuan Tianlong Cave and Xinzhou Wangyu Cave, most of which are well preserved, with vast caves and various stalactites, some of which have been opened to the public for sightseeing. The landform in the province is peculiar, and famous mountains and strange rocks can be seen everywhere. For example, the peak of Luya Mountain looks like a reed bud, soaring into the sky. The top of the crown is like a crown; The stones piled up at the top of the central platform of Wutai Mountain are called "Dragon Turning Stone", the huge "pneumatic stone" in North Wudang Mountain and the "Lingshi Stone" in Lingshi County, which are very strange. Many Xiongguan passes, such as Niangziguan Pass, Yanmenguan Pass, Pianguan Pass, Ning Wuguan Pass and Pingxingguan Pass, have been formed between the cliffs of Qifeng.

Qingquan Lake: Shanxi is short of water resources, but natural lakes are all over the province. Over the years, many reservoirs and artificial lakes have been built, just like pearls embedded in the land of Sanjin. There are tens of thousands of springs in Shanxi, including cold springs, hot springs and mineral springs. The larger cold springs are Shentou Spring in Shuozhou, Wutai Prajna Spring, Taiyuan Difficult Old Spring, Qingxu Pingquan, Hong Tong Active Spring and Linfen Zi Long Temple Spring. Hot springs include Hunyuan Tangtou Spring, Xinzhou Qicun Spring, Yuanping Daying Spring, Dingxiang Hot Spring, Yuxian Hot Spring, Xiaxian Hot Spring and Xinjiang Hot Spring. Among the mineral springs, Prajna Spring is the representative. Shanxi's natural lakes include Wutai Mountain North Taiding Tianchi, Ningwu Tianchi, Jinci Fish Marsh, Qingxu East Lake, Pingquan East Lake, West Lake, Yuncheng Wuxing Lake and Yanchi Lake. Artificial reservoirs include Yuanqu Xiaolangdi Reservoir, Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project, Motan Shuan Lvquan Reservoir, Hengshan Reservoir, Fenhe Reservoir, Wenyuhe Reservoir, Huihe Reservoir, Zhanghe Reservoir and Zhangze Reservoir. These water resources have become tourist attractions.

Riptide Waterfall: The famous waterfalls in Shanxi are Hukou Waterfall, Niangziguan Waterfall, Huangguan Valley Waterfall and Manghe Waterfall. Hukou Waterfall is famous for its grandeur, while Niangziguan Waterfall is famous for its beauty. Rapids and rapids can be seen in many places in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, such as the dragon trough rapids below Hukou and the "three waves" in Longmen, which makes people feel magnificent.

Weather and Scenery: Shanxi's climate is seasonal, complex and changeable, and the frozen scenery of the north is thousands of miles away. It has the conditions to carry out various temperate tourism activities and has a panoramic view of the strange atmospheric landscape. The Dongtai Peak of Wutai Mountain and the "Sunrise in the East China Sea" of Lishan Shunwang Pingguan can be compared with Taishan Mountain, while the scenery of Mengmeng Mountain of the Yellow River is charming, and the "Bao Guang" of Wutai Mountain is a must.

Rare creatures: Shanxi has built 12 nature reserve. Ancient and famous trees, rare birds and animals are hidden in them. Brown pheasant, macaque and giant salamander are rare animals.

Attachment: List of Scenic Spots in Shanxi Province

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Humanistic tourism resources

The long history of Shanxi has left us many ancient buildings-Guan Gong Temple, ancient pagodas, grotto statues, painted murals, ancient city passes, cultural sites, unearthed cultural relics, handed down treasures, customs, famous food, cooking skills and other cultural heritage. The name of "Shanxi-China Museum of Ancient Art" has been recognized by people from all walks of life at home and abroad.

Temple view and palace view: Shanxi has a large number of existing ancient buildings and high historical and artistic value, ranking first in the country. There are 35 national cultural relics protection units and 284 provincial cultural relics protection units. According to statistics, there were 106 wooden buildings before the Song and Jin Dynasties, accounting for more than 70% of the buildings in the same period in China. Among them, there are Wutai Nanchan Temple Hall, Beigao Temple East Hall and Ruicheng Wang Guangren Hall in the Tang Dynasty, Pingyuan Dayunyuan Temple and Pingyao Zhenguo Temple Ten Thousand Buddhas Hall in the Five Dynasties, and there are nearly 100 in the Song and Liao Dynasties, among which there are the Notre Dame Temple in Jinci, Gaoping Youxian Temple, Chongming Temple, Kaihua Temple and Daxiong Temple in the Song Dynasty, the Huayan Temple complex in Datong in the Liao and Jin Dynasties, and the Shanhua Temple and Shuozhou Temple in Datong. After the Yuan Dynasty, more ancient buildings were preserved in Shanxi. The buildings and murals of Yongle Palace and Guangsheng Temple in Yuan Dynasty are all art treasures. The Hanging Temple, which was founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, is breathtaking and unique at home and abroad. Wutai Mountain complex, the first of the four famous Buddhist mountains, Xuanzhong Temple, as a pure land Sect Dojo, Pingyao Shuanglin Temple, which is known as the "treasure house of oriental colored plastic art", and Jiezhou Guandi Temple, the first of the national martial arts temples, are all masterpieces of art in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, there are Mengxian Zangshan Temple, Jiexiu Houtu Temple, Mianshan Huiluan Temple, Wanrong Feiyun Building, Qiu Feng Building, Lingkong Mountain Shengshou Temple, Linfen Yao Temple and so on. , each has its own merits, shining with the brilliance of history and art.

Ancient pagodas: There are more than 280 ancient pagodas in the province, among which Shida Pagoda of Buddha Palace Temple in Yingxian, Baita of Wutai Mountain, Ashoka Pagoda in Daixian, Twin Pagodas of Shuangta Temple in Taiyuan, Hongfei Pagoda of Guangsheng Temple in Hong Tong and Yingying Pagoda of Yongji Pujiu Temple are the most famous.

Grottoes Statues: According to the survey, there were 9 large grottoes1in Shanxi during the Northern Dynasties, 2 1 in Sui and Tang Dynasties, 2 in Song Dynasty, 2 in Yuan Dynasty and 5 in Ming Dynasty, plus Yungang Grottoes and Tianlongshan Grottoes. The Yungang Grottoes in Datong, one of the three largest grottoes in China, are the most important, and the Tianlongshan Grottoes in Taiyuan, the Longshan Grottoes, the Yangtoushan Grottoes in Changzhi and the Kaihedian Grottoes in Pingding also have high artistic value.

City Wall Pass: Shanxi is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. The Great Wall inside and outside extends to eight cities, including Datong, Shuozhou, Xinzhou, Jinzhong, Lvliang and Yangquan, about 3,500 kilometers. There are many important passes, such as Yanmenguan, Pingxing Pass, Ning Wuguan Pass, Niangziguan Pass and Pianguan Pass. Pingyao City and Niangziguan City are relatively complete in Shanxi ancient city walls. In addition to the city wall, the Drum Tower, Town God Temple, neighborhoods, shops and houses in Pingyao City have maintained a clear shape and style.

Ancient murals: There are many ancient buildings in Shanxi, most of which belong to Buddhist temples. And almost all of these temples have murals. According to statistics, there are still 27,000 square meters of temple murals in Shanxi. Among them, the Tang Dynasty murals are 32 square meters, the Five Dynasties murals are 20 square meters, the Liao Dynasty murals are 15 square meters, the Song Dynasty murals are 86 square meters, the Jin Dynasty murals are 440 square meters, the Yuan Dynasty murals are 1430 square meters, the Ming Dynasty murals are 2300 square meters, and the Qing Dynasty murals are 29 10 square meters. Among these murals, the Yuan Dynasty mural in Ruicheng Yongle Palace is the most famous. These halls are all buildings of the Yuan Dynasty, and the walls and arches of each hall are covered with murals, with a total area exceeding 100 square meters from one side.

Ancient colored sculptures: There are nearly 13000 pieces of ancient colored sculptures in Shanxi. Among them, there are 82 statues in the Tang Dynasty, the most famous of which are the colored sculptures of Wutai Mountain, nanzenji and Beijushi. Painted sculptures of ancient qinglian temple in Jincheng, etc. ; Eleven statues in the Five Dynasties, the most famous of which is the colored sculpture of Pingyao Town National Temple; There are 394 pieces of Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, among which the most famous ones are the Liao Dynasty sculpture of Huayan Temple in Datong, the Jin Temple in Taiyuan, the Song sculpture of the eldest son Faxing Temple, the Erxian Temple in Jincheng, the Chongfu Temple in Shuoxian County and the golden sculpture of Manjusri Hall in Bukoji. There were 386 statues in the Yuan Dynasty, the most famous of which was the 28-night colored sculpture of the Jade Emperor Temple in Jincheng. There were 5,878 statues in the Ming Dynasty, the most famous of which were the colored sculptures of Shuanglin Temple in Pingyao and Xiaoxitian in Xixian County. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 6,000 colored sculptures in Shanxi.

Ancient cultural sites: Many ancient cultural sites with high research value have been excavated in Shanxi. Belonging to the Paleolithic Age and Neolithic Age, there are Ruicheng Xihoudu Site and Hehe Site, Xiangfen Ding Cun Site and Qinshui Xia Chuan Site. Important ancient sites and tombs after the Xia Dynasty include the Spring and Autumn Tomb in Luocheng, Taiyuan, the ancient capital site of Houma Jinguo, the Han group in Shuozhou, the battle site in Gaoping Changping, and the site of Jinyang Ancient City. Cultural relics and archaeology departments have unearthed a large number of precious cultural relics such as coins, pottery, stone tools and wood from these ancient sites and tombs, and new discoveries have been made constantly.

Revolutionary Historical Monument: The national and democratic revolutionary struggle of modern people left many precious revolutionary cultural relics and former sites in Shanxi. The sites that have been listed as national key cultural relics protection units include the former headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Wuxiang County, the Taihang Memorial Hall of the Eighth Route Army in Wang Jiayu in Wuxiang County, the former site of the Pingxingguan Campaign, the former site of the Bethune Model Ward in Songyankou, Wutai County, and the Liu Hulan Martyrs Memorial Hall. Others include the former site of Huangyadong Defence War, the memorial site of General Zuo Quan's sacrifice, Lilin Memorial Hall, Changzhi Taihang Taiyue Martyrs Cemetery, and Mao Zedong's former residence, which truly recorded the historical achievements of the revolutionary struggle from different aspects.

Attachment: List of Places of Interest in Shanxi Province

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national historical and cultural city

Datong City: It was called Pingcheng in ancient times, the capital of the early Northern Wei Dynasty, and the capital of Liao and Jin Dynasties was called Xijing. Known as the political, economic and cultural center of northern Shanxi. There are many cultural relics, including Yungang Grottoes excavated in 453-495 (Northern Wei Dynasty), and national key cultural relics protection units such as Upper and Lower Huayan Temple, Puhua Temple and Jiulongbi.

Pingyao County: Pingyao, the Yangshao painted pottery culture discovered in the ancient city proves that people lived here as early as the Neolithic Age. The Spring and Autumn Period was the capital of Jin State and Jingling County of Han State. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Taoping County was ruled, and Pingyao County was changed to avoid the name of Taizu. There are many cultural relics in Pingyao city. The existing ancient city wall is one of the four existing ancient city pools in China. Founded in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Ming Hongwu expanded for three years, with a history of more than 2,000 years. The streets and houses in the city are full of ethnic characteristics, as well as the style of residential buildings in northern China in the Ming Dynasty. Shuanglin Temple and Zhenguo Temple outside the city are famous at home and abroad for their exquisite colored sculptures.

Daixian: Guzhou Daixian is an important political, military, cultural and economic town in the north of Shanxi Province. Places of interest include Yanmenguan, Bianjing Tower, Ashoka Pagoda, Yangjia Ancestral Hall, Zhaogaoguan and so on. There are Chen Ziang, Li Bai, Wang Changling, Wang Wei, Li He, Fan Zhongyan and Yuan Haowen in history. They all left excellent works about the scenic spots and historical sites in Daixian County. In addition, exquisite paper-cutting art, lifelike dough sculpture making, exquisite embroidery technology and other folk culture and arts are dazzling, especially folk painting.

Qixian County: Jinzhong treasure land, as early as 6000 years ago in the Neolithic Age of Yangshao culture, ancestors settled. Qixian County was built during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, with a history of 1500 years. There are many celebrities in Qixian County, including Qi Huangyang, Wang Yun, Wen Qiao, Wen and Dai. Qiao Family Courtyard and Qu Family Courtyard in Qixian County, which are well-known at home and abroad, are fine houses in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The ancient temples in the ancient city of Qixian are all over the streets, and the brick carvings and stone carvings in the city are antique. The collection of ancient books, historical relics and folk art is rich and colorful. Qixian Yangko has a long history and Yuanxiao Shehuo is popular. Wax figures, dough sculptures and paper-cuts are lifelike, which fully embodies the profound accumulation of ancient Yellow River culture in Qixian County.

Xinjiang county: Jinnan shopping mall, which has been established as a county since the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a famous ancient city and place of merchants in southern Shanxi. It is a collection of cultural relics from Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in one city, mainly including Jiangshou Garden Pool, Jiangzhou Lobby, longxing temple Inner Chamber Tower and so on. The well-preserved "Jiang Tie" is one of the four famous posts in China. In addition, there are murals of Jiangzhou Drum Tower, Bell Tower, Music Building and Jiyi Temple. Xinjiang is an outstanding place, where Xunzi, Wang Zhihuan, Gao Keming and Li Yuxiu were born.

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Folk tourism resources

Taigu, Qixian, Linfen, Yangcheng, Jincheng, Hunyuan, Shuozhou, Xiangfen, Dingxiang and other places have preserved a large number of Ming and Qing residential buildings. Xiangfen Ding Cun Folk Museum, Qixian Folk Museum and Dingxiang Folk Museum reflect the typical northern folk customs in Jinnan, Jinzhong and Xinzhou areas, such as age customs, weddings and funerals, etiquette customs, folk crafts and agricultural production, cultural and entertainment activities, etc. For details, please refer to Shanxi folk customs on this site.

Famous snacks: Xinghua Village Fenjiu, Shanxi Noodle, Pingyao Tuguang Lacquerware, Xinjiang Yundiao, Qi Diao, Datong Bronze and other products, which have a long history and are well-known at home and abroad.

Folk song art: Shanxi, known as "the ocean of folk songs". It has a long history and made great achievements as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. Tang style and Feng Wei in The Book of Songs, including Cut Tan and Storytelling, are Shaanxi folk songs. There are more than 100 counties in Shanxi, and almost every county has its own folk songs. According to statistics, more than 20,000 folk songs have been collected. There are not only many folk songs in Shanxi, but also very distinctive local colors. The artistic styles of folk songs vary greatly from place to place in Shanxi. Folk songs in Hequ, Baode, Pianguan and other places are high-pitched and have a great leap in tone, so they sound rather vast and forceful, lyrical and straightforward, simple and lively, and full of humorous and touching beauty. Compared with Hequ, Xinzhou and Dingxiang folk songs, Datong, Yanggao and Shuoxian folk songs have their own characteristics. Zuo Quan folk songs have their own context, fresh and gentle. There are many "three beats" love songs, which are not found in other folk songs. Qixian and Taigu folk songs, as well as Shouyang and Taiyuan folk songs, are more flexible, free and diverse in content and form. The folk songs in Huguan, Jincheng, Yangcheng and Qinshui in the southeast of Shanxi are old-fashioned and have a strong local flavor. The folk songs in Qinyuan County are good at expressing the warmth of local farmers in real life and have a strong flavor of the times.

Folk Dance: Many experts also call Shanxi "the hometown of folk dance". According to Su E's "Romance" in the Tang Dynasty, as early as the pre-Qin period, there was a beautiful dance in Taiyuan with the content of "Zhanchiyou" popular among the people. In the Han tomb excavated in Houcun, Yuncheng, a model of "Hundred Theatre Buildings" was also found, in which male and female dancers danced against each other. In the tombs of the Tang Dynasty excavated in other places in Shanxi, there are also many beautiful images of dancing children. There are many kinds of folk dances in Shanxi, and there are still about 200 kinds. Such as flower drum, drum, flower drum, fan drum, five tigers climbing, box-piercing gongs and drums, waist drum, mouth flower drum, tooth drum and so on. There are various forms of "flower drums" in Shanxi, including high drums (hanging on the chest), low drums (hanging on the waist) and multiple drums (hanging on the waist, chest and shoulders). Shanxi's "Flower Drum Dance" is dominated by Yuncheng and Linfen. For example, in 17 townships in Wanrong County, 13 have flower encouragement teams. In some towns, every street has a pile of flower drums, so it is called "the hometown of flower drums". The "Yangko" in Shanxi is all over Sanjin. It can be roughly divided into several types, such as kicking and inspiring, dancing with younger brothers, original flat dancing, Zuo Quan flower dancing, Houma Baidian dancing and Linfen umbrella dancing. In addition, there are lion dances, dragon dances, walking on stilts, boating, carrying sticks, carrying pavilions, playing the piano and singing and dancing, and various lantern dances. Shanxi folk dance has three obvious characteristics. First, it reflects the profound social life, expresses feelings delicately and realistically, and the combination of form and content is very tacit. The second is drama. No matter what kind of dance it is, it's all about costumes and facial makeup, which is very dramatic. There are also many ways to use drama plots in the performance content. Third, drama, song and dance are mixed, such as "Errentai" by Hequ, which is both a folk song and a folk dance. There is also the unity of acrobatics, dance and drama. Such as stilts, dry boats, lion dances, dragon dances, back sticks, iron bars and so on.

Folk music: Shanxi has rich folk music heritage and unique soil for developing folk music. For example, Shi Kuang, the only earliest and most famous musician in China folk music with historical records, was a native of Hongdong, Shanxi. He was a musician in the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, and China's famous ancient songs "Yangchun" and "Snow White" all came from him. There are many precious "classical music" in Shanxi, many of which are still circulating among the people. Most of Shanxi folk musical instruments we see now are handed down from ancient times. These musical instruments are mainly made of silk and bamboo, such as sheng, pipe, flute, banhu, sanxian, suona, pipa, zheng, bawu, drum, cymbal, gong and cymbal. Shanxi folk music can be roughly divided into three categories. One is "Trumpeter Music" played by drummers all over the country. Drum music in Shanxi is spread all over the province, with Xinzhou and Jinzhong being the largest and most famous. For example, Dajie and Yuanping Eight Episodes, Fan Shi and Daixian. One is the tunes played by people all over the country with various musical instruments when they are in full swing. The most famous ones are Changzhi's "Eight-tone Concert" and Hongtong's "Magnificent gongs and drums". One is the "temple fair music" handed down from Buddhism to Taoism or the miscellaneous music of Buddhism and Taoism. The most influential is the temple music played by Wutai Mountain monks. Shanxi folk instrumental art is often combined with rap art. Such as Lu 'an Drum Book, xiang yuan Drum Book, Northern Shaanxi Daoqing, Yongji Daoqing, Yangcheng Daoqing, Yicheng Qin Shu, Wuxiang Qin Shu, etc., all have such characteristics.

Opera Art: Shanxi is one of the birthplaces of China's opera art, and as early as the Han Dynasty, opera sprouted in Shanxi. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many local operas, such as burlesque, shadow play, musical and acrobatic drama, which were the embryonic form of China opera at that time. Later, Kong Sanchuan, a rapper in Zezhou (now Jincheng), changed the single-palace tune to the various-palace tune, which raised the reality and national opera in Shanxi to a new stage. In the Yuan Dynasty, the art of traditional Chinese opera flourished day by day. Shanxi was not only "famous in the world", but also became the center of national traditional Chinese opera art. As far as the stage of the Yuan Dynasty is concerned, the stage of the Yuan Dynasty discovered in China is basically located in the south of Shanxi. For example, the "Laoting" was built from Niuwang Temple in Wei Village in Linfen to the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty, the stage was built from Dongguan Village in Linfen to the 5th year of Yuan Dynasty, and the Qiaoze Temple in Wuchi Village in Yicheng was built from the 9th year of Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, folk artists from Zhou Pu, Tongzhou, and Shanzhou, Henan boldly reformed the singing of northern zaju, and absorbed huqin, gongs and drums, suona and so on. A pair of jujube bangzi was specially added in order to meet the needs of changing dishes, so the "Zhou Pu Bangzi" drama appeared in Shanxi. Later, Zhou Pu Bangzi was combined with local operas and customs in Jinzhong, northern Shanxi and southeastern Shanxi respectively, and gradually formed Middle Road Bangzi, Northern Road Bangzi and Shangdang Bangzi. In addition, there are many kinds of operas in Shanxi, including 54 kinds of operas in Shanxi, accounting for one-sixth of more than 300 kinds of operas in China. There are more than 200 professional troupes in Shanxi, with 1.5 million employees. Among the fifty-four kinds of operas, Zhonglu Bangzi has gradually developed into a representative opera in Shanxi, which is why people call Zhonglu Bangzi "Shanxi Bangzi" and "Shanxi Opera".

Paper-cut art: In terms of style, Shanxi's paper-cut art is basically divided into two categories: rough and simple monochrome paper-cut and graceful and soft color dot-dyed paper-cut. The former is distributed in southern Shanxi, southeastern Shanxi, Jinzhong and northwestern Shanxi, while the latter is concentrated in Yanbei area, among which Guangling is the most famous. In Shanxi's folk paper-cutting, there are many patterns, which are designed by homophonic techniques. For example, images such as "chicken", "fragrance" and "ruyi" are used to express "good luck and ruyi"; Use images such as "lotus" and "fish" to express "more than every year, more than every year"; Use images such as "Lotus" and "Osmanthus fragrans" to express "Lian Zi" and so on. Other designs are represented by legendary symbols, such as "deer" and "crane" to indicate longevity, and the combination of "dragon" and "phoenix" to indicate the happiness of wedding, that is, "dragon and phoenix are auspicious". In a large number of paper-cut works, we can see that the patterns with dragons, snakes, fish and frogs as the content are the most, which is the biggest feature of Chinese national culture with dragons and snakes as totems. Shanxi folk paper-cutting is not only realistic and vivid, but also full of artistic imagination. Shanxi's folk paper-cutting is also closely related to various folk activities of the people throughout the country, including traditional festivals, customs, birth, marriage, longevity, funeral and so on.

Shadow Play Art: Shanxi Shadow Play Art was widely spread as early as the Song Dynasty in China. Shadow play is mostly carved from cowhide, with extremely rich shapes, from heaven to underground, from characters to birds and animals. Shadow play is made up of plane curves, and the characters are all positive and side shapes. There are all kinds of roles, such as life, Dan, Jing, tail and ugliness, which are similar to drama masks and costumes. During the performance, the picker manipulates the body and limbs of the characters with three sticks, and projects the image on the "paper window" or "sand window" with the help of light, which looks very interesting.

Art of New Year Pictures: The woodcut New Year Pictures in Shanxi began in the Song and Jin Dynasties. Among them, Jinnan woodblock New Year Pictures are as famous as Hebei Wuqiang New Year Pictures, Tianjin Yangliuqing New Year Pictures and Suzhou Taohuawu New Year Pictures. Shanxi's woodblock New Year pictures are mainly auspicious and festive in content. The common forms are lamp painting, nave painting, screen painting, tribute painting, window painting, door painting, kitchen niche painting, shadow mural painting, door painting, table skirt painting and so on. Shanxi woodcut New Year pictures have full composition, bright colors, concise lines, rough style and strong decoration.

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Present situation of Shanxi tourism

In a comprehensive evaluation of national tourism resources in previous years, Shanxi unexpectedly ranked first, but at present, Shanxi's tourism revenue is at the bottom of the country. The main reason is insufficient development, which is inseparable from the current overall economic situation in Shanxi Province. Second, the propaganda is not enough, mainly because the government departments pay insufficient attention to it and their concepts are backward. In addition, there are some weaknesses in Shanxi's tourism resources, which also restricts the development of Shanxi's tourism. First, the scenic spots in Shanxi are mainly places of interest. This determines that those who are interested in this are often tourists with a certain level of education, who only account for a small part of the tourists, and many of them are sightseeing, visiting and inspecting rather than traveling at their own expense. Second, the scenic spots are scattered and the traffic is inconvenient. The special terrain of Shanxi makes tourism a hard training, and the backwardness of road conditions and passenger transport economy makes most scenic spots in Shanxi only suitable for self-driving or group travel, which is not convenient for self-help travel. The author has a deep feeling about this in the process of self-help tour. Third, the natural environment is harsh. Shanxi itself is dusty, dusty, and industrial pollution has aggravated the deterioration of the ecological environment, which has greatly disappointed foreign tourists.

Shanxi tourism resources can be divided into eleven cities according to administrative divisions: Taiyuan, Datong, Shuozhou, Xinzhou, Jinzhong, Lvliang, Yangquan, Yuncheng, Linfen, Changzhi and Jincheng. According to the distribution of tourist routes and scenic spots, there is no uniform standard, but there have been many forms of division. The site is divided as follows:

First, Datong tourist area. The main attractions are Yungang Grottoes, Huayan Temple, Shanhua Temple and Nine Dragon Wall in Datong City, Hengshan Mountain and Hanging Temple in Hunyuan, Wooden Pagoda in Yingxian County, Yanmenguan Temple in Daixian County, Yang Zhongwu Temple, Bianjing Building and Zhaogaoguan.

Second, Wutai tourist area. The main attractions are Wutai Mountain Temple Group and Wutai Mountain natural scenery.

Hukou tourist area. The main attractions are Hukou Waterfall, Guangsheng Temple, Yao Temple, Sophora japonica and Susan Prison.

Fourth, Jinzhong tourist area. The main attractions are Jinci Temple in Taiyuan, Pingyao Ancient City and Shuanglin Temple in Pingyao County, Wang Jia Courtyard in Lingshi County, Qiaojia Courtyard and Qujia Courtyard in Mianshan County and Qixian County, and Caojia Courtyard in Taigu County.

Five, Yuncheng tourist area. The main attractions are Jiezhou Guandi Temple, Changping Guandi Temple, Yanchi, Pujiu Temple, Yellow River Tieniu, Yongle Palace, Feiyun Building, Qiu Feng Building, Wulaofeng, Wangguan Valley and Xiaolangdi.

6. Taihang tourist area. Namely Changzhi and Jincheng tourist areas. The main scenic spots are Lishan and Liu's dwellings in Qinshui County, Manghe River, Huangcheng Xiangfu and Motan in Yangcheng County, Taihang Grand Canyon in Huguan County, Huangya Cave in Licheng County, Wangmang Ridge, Xiyagou and Wujiawan in Lingchuan County, etc.

Seven, other tourist attractions. There are mainly scenic spots such as Luya Mountain, Pangquangou, Niangziguan and Lingkong Mountain.

There are many tourist attractions in Shanxi, which can be roughly divided into five categories.

First, the traditional trump card attractions. These scenic spots have a long-standing reputation and have a great influence throughout the country. They are the trump cards of Shanxi tourism, including Yungang Grottoes, Hanging Temple, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, Wutai Mountain and Jinci Temple.

Second, emerging ace attractions. Although these scenic spots are famous all over the country, in fact, most of them began to be developed and moved to the whole country after the mid-1980s, mainly including Hukou Waterfall, Pingyao Ancient City, Shuanglin Temple, Wang Jia Courtyard and Qiao Family Courtyard.

Third, traditional excellent scenic spots. These scenic spots have long been tourist attractions, which are not inferior to the first two types of scenic spots in many aspects. However, due to various reasons, their influence in the whole country is not great, mainly including Guangsheng Temple, Yao Temple, Dahuaishu, Susan Prison, Guandi Temple, Pujiu Temple, Yellow River Tieniu, Yongle Palace, Hengshan, Niangziguan and Pangquangou.

Fourth, emerging excellent scenic spots. After vigorous development and publicity in recent years, these scenic spots have become tourist hotspots in the province, mainly Mianshan, Luya Mountain, Yuwangdong, Xinzhou Hot Spring, Huangcheng Xiangfu and Taihang Grand Canyon.

5. Scenic spots under development or to be developed. These scenic spots have beautiful scenery, but they are under development or undeveloped due to economic reasons, mainly including Lishan, Liu's former residence, Wulaofeng, Manghe, Motan, Xiaolangdi, Lingkong Mountain, Ling, Xiyagou and Wujiawan.