Why is China's ancient music characterized by five tones in Gong Shang Jiao and seven tones in the West?

I've always been interested in the history books, so I'll answer it from the perspective of common sense of literature and history. Legend has it that Fuxi made heptachord, and set the piano as five strings, namely, Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. The king of Wen added a string for Wen, and the king of Wu cut another string for Wu, so heptachord was also called the lyre.

watch another serious piece of literature:? Before Jing Ke left, Gao Jianli played with musical instruments, and Jing Ke sang March of the Volunteers, which was a tone sandhi. Braving the enemy's gunfire, move forward! Forward! Forward, forward! ? Everyone was infected by his singing and sobbed in a low voice. By the Yishui River, the cold wind blew on people's faces like a knife. No one was afraid of the cold in this winter. Everyone knew that he might never return. Suddenly the song turned into a feather tone. Heaven laughs, and there are tides in the world. Who wins and who loses, God knows! ? The song is generous, and the anger is overwhelming. ?

In addition to the five tones of Gong Shang Jiao Zheng Yu, another tone is mentioned in the above article. Change sign.

Farewell to Jingketu

Music has no borders, but only the definition of notes. We are familiar with seven tone scales: Do(1), Re(2), Mi(3), Fa(4), Sol(5), La(6) and Si(7), which are the most commonly used five tone scales in ancient China, namely In addition, there are two partials, namely, tone change and sign change. Together with the first five tones, the corresponding modern seven tones are: Gong (1), quotient (2), angle (3), sign change (4), sign (5), feather (6) and tone change (7).

There is a passage in the book of Historical Records. 9981 thought palace. Three points to one, fifty-four to eight. Three points gain one, and seventy-two is business. Three points to one, forty-eight to feather. Three points make one, and sixty-four is the angle. ? This is the famous music in China? Three-point profit and loss method? The loss is reduced and the benefit is increased. The general idea is: Take a bamboo tube with a length of 81, and what is the sound it makes? Gong yin? The pitch, and then cut this bamboo tube into three equal parts, remove 1/3 of the length, and the remaining length is 54. At this time, the sound is? Hum? , and then? Hum? 3 equal parts, plus 1/3 length, that is, the pitch of a bamboo tube with a length of 72 is? Business sound? , put? Business sound? Remove 1/3 of the length, leaving 48 bamboo tubes? Feather sound? , in? Feather sound? On the basis of the length of 3 equal parts, plus 1/3 of the length, finally get 64, as? Corner sound? Pitch.

sign change and palace change are not integers, which can be understood as sign reduction and palace reduction. There are two similar partials. Clear corners? And? Leap? .

different scales are the main tones, and they can form different modes. Such as palace mode: palace, business, horn, sign, feather and palace. Shang mode: Shang, Jiao, Zheng, Yu, Gong and Shang. The same is true for the angle adjustment after that. Modes have no absolute pitch, only relative pitch. In playing, their actual pitch is determined according to the Twelve Laws. Huang Zhong destroyed, Wa Fu Lei Ming? The yellow bell mentioned in Chinese is the first law of Yang and Six Laws in Twelve Laws. The Twelve Laws also have a long history. The bass to treble are: Huang Zhong, Da Lu, Tai Ju, Jia Zhong, Gu Xi, Zhong Lu, Yan Bin, Lin Zhong, Yi Ze, Nan Lu, Wu She and Ying Zhong. I don't understand music theory and the corresponding relationship with modern notes.

The accurate pitch of the twelve laws has always been a headache for ancient musicians, and it was not until Zhu Zaiyu, a musician in the Ming Dynasty, invented the twelve average laws that this problem was solved. The Ming Dynasty was a magical dynasty, and members of the royal family had their own unique skills. Apart from the traditional legalist Zhu Yuanzhang and the military strategist Zhu Di, there were also gourmets Zhu Gaochi, theologian Zhu Houzong, famous director, national first-class actor, zoologist Zhu Houzhao and carpenter Zhu Youxiao?

Zhu Zaiyu should still be a mathematician. It is said that he made a big abacus by himself, and worked out the exact pitch of twelve laws by square root with his bare hands, which solved a big problem that troubled the world music industry.

Zhu Zaiyu's abacus

As mentioned earlier, the twelve tones are absolute pitches, and the pentatones are relative pitches, but the span between the pentatones is fixed, so as long as the pitch of the starting scale is determined, the pitch of the following scales can be calculated. The starting scale forms different modes and can generate sixty-four kinds of tunes. For example, the music played is based on? Palace tune? Start, then put? Huang Zhong? Phonetic positioning Gong Yin, one-third gain, is 18 sign tones, one-third loss, 72 quotient tones, one-third gain, 96 feather tones, and one-third loss, 48 horn tones. According to the example, decide? Da Lu? It is a palace tune, and after three points of profit and loss, it becomes a new palace tune, which is arranged in turn, and finally generates twelve kinds of palace tunes. Then use quotient, angle, sign, feather, change palace and sign to set the tone respectively, and finally you can generate seven tones and eighty-four tones.

Mode should be a noun of music theory, which may be similar to G major and E minor in modern music, which has touched my blind spot in knowledge.

as for the specific origin, why do you want to take 81 as the benchmark? It may be related to the ancient calendar. The ancients in China paid attention to the harmony between man and nature in everything they did, so as to achieve the perfect harmony between man and nature.

Five tones and four partials can form three kinds of seven tones, namely, elegant music, pure music and Yan music, but the most common one is the five-tone type. It is probably because the ancients thought that everything was born of the five elements, and they were born with each other, and the five elements should be combined with each other. Huangdi Neijing thinks that the five tones are also related to the five internal organs, plus the calculation results of the four partials. Discrimination? . In addition, the twelve laws are divided into yin and yang, corresponding to December and twelve branches.