How did fine grain paper cutting develop?

Also known as fine grain paper cutting, popular in Yueqing. Initially applied to the dragon boat lamp or window decorations, after the women used it for embroidery base map, embroidered into a hat flower, shoe flower, belly flower, bib flower, so also known as cut flower. This fine lines carved paper, the composition is elegant and beautiful, the knife method is subtle and subtle. Jing fine line pattern width of only one millimeter, 1 centimeter width of thin paper can carve 22 knives, each knife interval of less than half a millimeter, as thin as a hair; and sparse, harmonious and beautiful. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, fine line paper carving in the inheritance of tradition on the basis of innovation, pattern content of flowers and birds, people both, its representative work of fine line "flower Wu" "military and people fish and water", "after school", "textile girl" and so on have been exhibited at home and abroad, the impact is widespread.

Leqing is located in the southeast coast of zhejiang province in the beautiful scenery of yandang mountain foothills, near ou river, bordering the east sea, under the jurisdiction of wenzhou. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the king of Dongou built his capital here. In the second year of Ningkang of Eastern Jin Dynasty, LeCheng County was set up, belonging to Yongjia County, which is the beginning of Yueqing County, and has a history of more than one thousand six hundred years so far.

Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the economy and culture of the Oujiang River Basin is very prosperous, Song Shaoxing first year here has been set up Hublot, foreign trade and overseas exchanges are frequent, the folk arts and culture is extremely rich, folk activities are colorful. Especially to Ye Shi as the representative of the "Yongjia school" advocate, advocate "business and heavy industry", business consciousness gradually rise. For a long time handicrafts as "heavy industry" the main means, make here folk arts and crafts continue to enrich and grow, and renowned at home and abroad. Such as ou plastic, ou embroidery, grass weaving, bamboo weaving, inlay, rice word lace, boxwood carving, stone carving, paper tie, paper cutting and so on. A large number of skilled folk artisans have emerged.

The history of Yueqing fine-grained paper-cutting

Yueqing is a part of the ancient Wu-Yue land, and is located on the banks of the Oujiang River. Yueqing's paper-cutting was born under the nurturing of Ouyue culture and marine culture. According to evidence, yueqing paper cutting at least in the five generations before has appeared, five generations "wulin fanzhi" has cloud "wuyue trampling king in the line to go to the day ...... outside the city of a hundred households, do not hang brocade, all with colored paper cut horses and men in lieu of". To the Yuan Dynasty "Dade Yueqing County Records" (1297-1307 AD) contained "the community sheng song up to the day, can Qu color cutting for the crowd **** reward, and the people with the music". It can be seen that the history of paper-cutting in Yueqing is very long. Early Yueqing paper-cutting is also mainly female, so some people call paper-cutting "female art". In ancient times, there was the custom of "men living outside and women living inside", or "men plowing and women weaving". Since ancient times, one of the most important criteria for the perfection of Chinese women has been their "skillful hands". In the countryside, if the daughter-in-law of a family can cut flowers well, the whole family will be proud of her. During festivals, if there is no one in the family who knows how to cut paper, they have to ask their neighbors for flower stickers. As an indispensable art activity, making folk paper-cutting more popular. From the beginning of women's childhood, the countryside will cut flowers and weaving embroidery as one of the main means of educating their daughters. In addition to cutting "window flowers", there are also cut patterns as the base of embroidery, which fully embodies the ancient women's virtues of revering beauty, pursuing beauty, and creating beauty. They used simple language, simple techniques, simple tools and materials to beautify the countryside and life.

Because Yueqing is located on the shore of the East China Sea and on the banks of the Oujiang River, it is an important commercial port of Wenzhou, and the number of people involved in sea operations has increased dramatically. But the sea operation is very risky, therefore, pray for the sea god, believe in the dragon god, visit the activities and stories continue to enrich the wind and rain, Long Guoteng has become the local people's worshippers. Every Spring Festival, the village can be seen in the "fish lamp" and "dragon boat lamp" (later also called "jewelry dragon") folkloric performance activities, performance "fish swim in the water, the dragon is the king of the sea" storyline. According to Jiang Wei in the "mountains and the sea trivial talk" recorded: "the village paste kozo, like a dragon head and tail, carrying plate for the body, machine turn windlass, bonfire lamps on, from like a golden drum, along the door to enjoy, called the dragon boat lights. Said the shape of the dragon boat lights, quality and activity forms. Yueqing fine grain paper cutting with the Southern Song Dynasty's "dragon boat lights" complement each other, complement each other, people are accustomed to call it "dragon boat flower". At the beginning of the "Dragon Boat Flower" and later "Dragon Boat Flower" comparison, the early "Dragon Boat Flower" seems relatively rough, simple, simple and ancient. With the continuous demand and creation of people's spiritual life, the perception, application and understanding of Ouyue folk culture, marine culture and farming culture, the fine grain paper-cutting is becoming more and more mature, fine, rich, vivid and diversified, and the cultural connotation of its folk folklore is also more profound, and it has gradually formed the distinctive regional cultural characteristics and artistic features, which finally makes Yueqing fine grain paper-cutting unique. Now published by the Nanjing People's Publishing House "Chinese Arts and Crafts" "Chinese folk paper-cutting art" fascicle will be Yueqing fine-grained paper-cutting as an extremely unique and distinctive language personality in the book.

The fine-grained paper-cutting of Yueqing not only has important folk art value, but also has important research value for the continuation of regional culture, its aesthetic tendency and historical development. It is a kind of folk art, but also a kind of folk culture and symbol. I remember my childhood, every Spring Festival, you can see the paper "fish lanterns" and "jewelry dragon". Fish lantern activities are held in the evening after dark, a group of more than a dozen fish lanterns, generally the first for the "dragon lamp", followed by a variety of "fish lanterns", in front of the "dragon lamp" there is a person holding a "dragon bead lamp", in the drums and gongs in the beginning of the dragon to play with the beads as a form of entertainment, there are said to be "Dragon Tiger Leap", "Fish Leap Dragon Door Gate" and other lifting, each other than the heights of the competition, the fight for the colorful. But when I was a child I was more obsessed with or "jewelry dragon", jewelry dragon is generally 4.5 meters long, 3 meters high, 2 meters wide. To dragon for the head and tail, to the boat for the body, and like layers of pavilions, surrounded by theater characters and mythological characters. And through the jewelry dragon axis rolling (later changed to electric) to make the characters come to life. Jewelry dragon on all the window decorations with fine grain paper cutouts, fine and marvelous. Whether it is "fish lanterns", "jewelry dragon" or "dragon boat flower" reflects the local working people pray for good weather, national prosperity and people's peace, the five grains, six storage prosperity, good luck and the development of paper-cutting in Yueqing

According to the evidence, in the long history of paper-cutting in Yueqing in the course of the development process, has experienced two major parts. First, the early paper-cutting to women as the main body to beautify the life of the mainstream, for the main means of cutting, but the subject matter, content, techniques, forms and other parts of China's paper-cutting is similar to no distinctive local characteristics; Secondly, to the emergence of the Southern Song Dynasty "Dragon Boat Lights", breaking the scope of women's art, becoming a folk art of both men and women for the handmade art and from the original to the main cut to cut the cut to cut the carving instead of the cut. Therefore, there are people will be fine grain paper-cutting Yueqing called fine grain paper-cutting, although only one word difference, but enough to show that the fine grain paper-cutting in the use of tools has changed, so that the Yueqing paper-cutting is becoming more and more perfect, and gradually formed a distinctive language of individuality. Recall that Yueqing's fine grain paper-cutting has gone through about four stages.

Song Dynasty. With the emergence of the Southern Song Dynasty "dragon boat lamp", Yueqing fine grain paper cutting came into being. Paper cutting as a window decoration on the dragon boat lamp began to evolve, from the language of modeling change the original flowers, birds, grasses and insects for geometric shapes, common willow stripes, brick pattern. This period of paper-cutting, as the exclusive use of dragon boat lanterns, began to become delicate and decorative, so that the initial formation of Yueqing's paper-cutting personalized language, and the original women's paper-cutting gradually pulled away from the distance, as shown in Figure ②. We can call this period of paper-cutting the beginning stage of Yueqing fine-grained paper-cutting, or the primary stage.

Yuan and Ming period. With the "dragon boat lantern" activities appear frequently every year, people's aesthetic ability is also improving, folk artisans through continuous practice and creation, so that the language of fine-grained paper-cutting began to be rich, the technique began to be skillful, patterns began to be fine. The fine-grained paper-cutting of this period emphasizes the formal beauty of contrast and change, and is generally divided into two parts, with the thick outside and thin inside being common, and the outside is mostly willow stripes, while the inside generally has brick patterns, crosses, and tic-tac-toe patterns, etc., as shown in Fig. 3. We can call this stage of fine-grained paper-cutting the mature period.

Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, with the continuous development of trade and handicrafts in Yueqing, people's spiritual life, recreational activities have higher requirements. So in the Spring Festival every year began to have "dragon boat light" event activities. One of the important criteria for judging the dragon boat lanterns is to see the degree of exquisite "dragon boat flowers", which has become a folk paper-cutting artisans, elaborate creations, continuous innovation and a strong driving force. At this time, the dragon boat flower pattern in addition to brick pattern, cross pattern, tic-tac-toe pattern, there are longevity pattern, positive character pattern, fish scale pattern, double happiness pattern. Through the continuous creation of folk artisans, the patterns of fine-grained paper-cutting increased to dozens of kinds, which made the language of the art of fine-grained paper-cutting richer and the techniques more mature, as shown in Fig. 4. Therefore, this period of fine-grained paper-cutting is called the peak period.

From the founding of New China to the present. After the founding of New China, Yueqing's commodity economy has been rapid development, the handicraft team continues to grow, has set up many arts and crafts producers. Among them, boxwood wood carving, stone carving, bamboo weaving, grass weaving, rice lace and other products are exported abroad. Yueqing's fine-grained paper-cutting is a kind of folk arts and crafts developed under the impetus of the commodity economy of handicrafts in this period. The local people is the dragon boat lamp decorative flower "dragon boat flower" into a commodity, this time people began to "dragon boat flower" renamed "Yueqing fine grain paper cutting", its products are exported to more than 20 countries and regions, loved by friends around the world.

In 1955, Yueqing County Huangyang Wood Carving Factory set up a paper-cutting workshop, for the first time, the folk paper-cutting artists to the factory, and equipped with specialized designers. To the 1970s, in Yueqing, Xiangyang Temple in front of the village, the Mission Qiaotou Village and other places have set up more than a dozen professional paper-cutting factories, spawning a huge paper-cutting production team, the high can be carved in a square inch more than 2,500 holes, therefore, by the experts and scholars and the news media known as the "art of micro-engraving", "China's best", and so on. Mr. Guo Moruo has a poem: "have seen the north of the windowpane, its taste naive and thick; now see the south of the carving of paper, delicate and transparent to the end of the end there; a cut of the fun to take the God's work, the beauty of the world will never die." Mr. Guo's poem speaks of the southern paper-cutting, especially for the fine grain paper-cutting Yueqing.

Best wishes

The new China after the founding of the paper-cutting pattern, on the basis of the original expansion to the human character pattern, rice pattern, sunflower pattern, plum blossom pattern, chrysanthemum pattern and so on nearly a hundred kinds. The paper-cutting layout is generally divided into three layers: outer, middle and inner; the outer layer is mostly flowers, birds, grasses and insects, animals and so on; the middle layer is fine-grained; the inner layer is the theme pattern; sometimes the outer layer is also the theme pattern. At this time, fine grain paper-cutting in the inheritance of the traditional "dragon boat flower" under the premise of a major change in the past purely as a "dragon boat lamp" on the window decorations for the living room jewelry, can also be called wall flowers. Its form is more flexible and changeable, the content is more rich and diversified, and through the realization and application of Ouyue culture, marine culture and farming culture, the language elements such as folkways and folk customs are incorporated into it, so that the fine grain paper-cutting is more endowed with local cultural connotations. Moreover, the technique has reached the realm of pure perfection, so we call this period of Yueqing fine-grained paper-cutting the heyday.

Looking at the development history of Yueqing fine-grained paper-cutting, it is always based on the background of Ouyue culture, marine culture and farming culture, which is unique, and gradually tends to be mature and become distinctive artistic characteristics and cultural connotations, which is noticed by the world.

At the end of the last century at the beginning of the new century, with the new take-off of the economy of Yueqing and the strong impact of the wave of commodity economy, Yueqing's fine-grained paper-cutting, but faced with the crisis of the end of the past, it will face the possibility of extinction. Now Yueqing can be good fine grain paper-cutting is already a few, and they have entered the middle-aged section, the younger generation of fine grain paper-cutting is still a blank, Yueqing fine grain paper-cutting art of this one inlaid in the East China Sea of the brilliant pearl can be permanently put out of the color, is still an unknown quantity.

Lin Bangdong and Yueqing fine-grained paper-cutting

Lin Bangdong was born in a generation to oil color, paper tie. Dragon lanterns and other handicrafts for a living. His grandfather, Lin Ziming, was influential in the area of oil paintings, statues of Buddha, and paper dragon boat lanterns, and his father, Lin Songting, inherited his ancestor's skills and developed his fine-grained paper-cutting. Under the cultivation of his family environment, Lin Bangdong has been fond of paint painting, paper zhang and paper-cutting art since he was a child. He was so fascinated by his family's amazing skills that he would spend most of the day watching them, often without sleep or food. When he was 13 years old, his father saw that he was so obsessed with folk art, so he began to teach him the art of painting, papier-maché and paper-cutting, and at the age of about 20, he was able to independently design and skillfully carve paper-cutting patterns.

Because he was diligent and good, deliberately seeking new, but also a skillful fine grain paper-cutting skills, in 1955 the first batch was absorbed into the yueqing county huangyang paper-cutting group, and later developed into yueqing county arts and crafts factory. Thirty years in the factory, so that he has plenty of time to study the folk art of fine-grained paper-cutting, designed hundreds of paper-cutting patterns, paper-cutting works are exported abroad. Yueqing fine grain paper-cutting from the original single-purpose "jewelry dragon" on the flower decorations, the development of booklet, home furnishings and other multi-purpose works of art. To the 70's and to Yueqing Arts and Crafts Factory paper-cutting East for the foundation, in the county around the establishment of dozens of professional paper-cutting manufacturers, formed a large paper-cutting production team. Most of the paper-cut works are exported products. For a time, Yueqing's paper-cutting spread all over the world, becoming a local industry and culture. Mr. Lin Bangdong has made his own efforts for this.

Lin Bangdong has a far-reaching tradition of fine-grained paper-cutting, but he has never been a modernizer; he dares to innovate without losing his traditional nature. Most of the traditional "Dragon Boat Flower" paper cuttings have a vertical rectangular shape, and the external pattern is also common in the shape of bricks, with fine lines inside, and there are no more than 20 patterns of fine lines. Mr. Lin, with his persistent pursuit of fine-grained paper-cutting, technical excellence, and deep understanding of folk culture, has made the fine-grained paper-cutting of Yueqing a new climax through a long period of thinking, exploring and practicing. In shape, there are zigzag, herringbone, cross-shaped, rice-shaped, sunflower-shaped, etc., and the fine pattern style has developed to nearly a hundred kinds, changing from the brick shape of the four perimeter to flowers, birds, animals, people, landscapes and so on. The fine grain paper-cutting is more rich in the combination of motion and static, thick and thin, sparse and dense contrast, giving a strong sense of order, rhythm and rhyme. Nowadays, although he is an old man, but once he enters the fine grain paper-cutting creation and carving, is still in high spirits, hand-held carving knife, like a fish out of water, the movement is free, a breath of fresh air. His technology can be said to have reached a pure fire, the peak of the realm of excellence, but the old man from not only satisfied with this. He went deep into the people's life, pay great attention to collect folklore, folklore stories, and apply it to the art of fine-grained paper-cutting. So that the fine grain paper-cutting injected new vitality and vigor, so that the subject matter of fine grain paper-cutting is more extensive and rich in folk characteristics, so that the language of fine grain paper-cutting is more rich and splendid. The works he created, such as "Dragon Flying Great Year", "Many Fortunes, Many Prosperities", "Golden Jade", "Fish Leaping Dragon Gate", etc., all fully demonstrate the traditional folklore even meanings.

In people's minds, Lin Bangdong is also a charitable and respectable old man. Neighbors get married, birthday celebration, birth of children, New Year's festivals, the old man often carved some pine and crane, longevity, mandarin ducks, double happiness, dragon and phoenix and window and other subject matter content to them. Lin old man often said: "what they need, what I carved for them", visible works of the old man is very popular with the people. The reason for this is that the old man's work that comes from life, and back to life.

Looking back at Mr. Lin Bangdong's long artistic journey, it is amazing. His works represent the cultural and artistic characteristics of a place and a nation, and have gone out of the place to the whole country and the world. I can't help but think of the words of a philosopher: "The world is only as good as the nation." Lin's fine-grained paper-cutting has a distinctive and impressive personality. His works "Fish Leaping Dragon Gate", "Dragon Flying with Great Years", and "Examples of Fine-grained Paper Cutting" won the National Gold Medal and the Highest Honor Award respectively, and his works were exhibited in the National Art Museum of China. His works have been exhibited, collected and performed at the Museum of the State of Koblenz in France, and dozens of news media, such as CCTV, Zhejiang TV and Paper-cutting Art News, have reported on his art of fine-grained paper-cutting. He has been awarded the honorable title of the first batch of "Chinese paper-cutting art masters".

Lin is not only a master and heir of fine-grained paper-cutting, but also a rare heir and master of the art of paper-cutting. 1999, in order to welcome the return of Macao, he led his two sons to make a 2,000-meter-long dragon, which was praised as the "best of the Chinese traditions" and entered into the Guinness Book of World Records. 1998, the "jewelry dragon" he made was awarded a special title in the "Exhibition of Crafts and Arts in Townships and Townships of Zhejiang Province". "In 1999, the World Expo in Kunming, Yunnan Province, and show his elaborate "jewelry dragon", today in China and abroad are full of praise.

Fine lines of life - fine lines of carved paper craftsmen Mr. Chen Yuhua

Mr. Chen Yuhua Department of Zhejiang Province, Yueqing City, Zhejiang Province, Xiangyang Town, before the village of the temple, was born in 1953, at the age of 15 years old, with his father (paper-cutting master Chen Chaofen) to learn the art of long engaged in the creation of fine lines of carved paper in the Chinese folk and research. He is now a member of China Paper Cutting Research Association, Wenzhou Folk Literature and Artists Association, Yueqing City Paper Cutting Research Association, and an arts and crafts artist. Over the past thirty years, he has created hundreds of paper-cutting works, and his main works include "Four Beauties", "Guilin Landscape", "Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs", "Only Child", "Fine-grained Birds and Flowers", "Double Fish", "Out of Asia", "Guanyin", "Years of Prosperity", "Panda", "Flower Butterfly", "Nine Dragons", "Nine Lions", "Celebration of the Return of Hong Kong and Macao", and other excellent works which are exported to both domestic and overseas markets.

The Four Beauties won an award of excellence in the art exhibition commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the Speech in 1992. In order to inherit my father's exquisite skills and learn to carve the "Nine Lions" knife delicate and neat, y praised by connoisseurs, in Xiangyang, the first "Zhejiang Folk Art Fine Arts Exhibition" won the first prize. 1996 "Nine Lions" and shrink "Dream of the Red Mansion" won the first prize in the townships of Zhejiang Province Arts and Crafts Fine Arts Exhibition, "Dragon Boat Flower" won the third prize, "Out of Asia" in October 1999 in the fourth China's Heilongjiang cross-century national paper-cutting exhibition won the gold medal. Gold Medal in the National Paper-cutting Exhibition in October 1999, Silver Medal in the Fifth China Heilongjiang Cross-century National Paper-cutting Exhibition in September 2000, Bronze Medal in the China National Arts and Crafts Masters' Exhibition held in Shanghai in December 1999, Silver Medal in the 99th China Folk Paper-cutting Expo for "Guanyin", Excellent Medal for "Only Child", Excellent Medal for "Nine Lions", and Silver Medal in the 99th China Folk Paper-cutting Exhibition for "One-Child". Excellent Award, "Nine Lions" and other five works were collected by the Sichuan Provincial Museum. Liannian Yu" in "99 years Zhejiang China Folk Art Exhibition" won the gold medal, in February 2000 at the National Art Museum of China held the "China Paper Cutting Century Retrospective" won the first prize, and with the "Nine Lions", "phoenix play peony", "twelve Chinese zodiac", "the heavenly maiden scattered flowers" was collected by the National Art Museum of China, as well as the China Huaxia Paper Cutting Museum, the Wenzhou Museum, the Museum of Cultural Relics of Yueqing, the Yueqing Library and other places. Collection. Flower Butterfly" won the gold medal in the first China Arts and Crafts Masterpieces and Arts and Crafts Excellence Expo held in October 2001 at the West Lake Fair in Hangzhou. Nine Dragons" won the Bronze Prize in China Folk Customs Paper Cutting Competition in 2001, and the Golden Deer Prize in Wenzhou Arts and Crafts Century Retrospective Exhibition. The fine grain paper cutting created by him was honored with the Special Contribution Award in the 11th University Games of Zhejiang Province. He was awarded the Excellent Work Award in Zhejiang Arts and Crafts Review. His works were highly praised by the president of China Light Industry Federation, Mr. Chen Shineng. Art biography and works were included in the "China Art News", "People's Daily", "Chinese ink masterpiece exposition", "Century Collector's Edition", "China Arts and Crafts and Gifts Illustrated Overview", "Wenzhou Folk Art 100 Years" and "Chinese Folk Paper Cutting Collection" and so on. Its artistic process by the CCTV "Orient Time" film crew filmed and broadcast many times, in October 2000 by the Zhejiang cable economic station "very people" column feature filming, in May 2001 by the International Department of Wenzhou Television special shooting "craftsmanship subtlety ---- Chen Yuhua and his fine-grained paper-cutting" feature film. Mr. Chen Yuhua research will be the original 60 kinds of fine pattern development to more than 100 kinds, the works created by the knife method is both neat and delicate, but also lively and smooth, by connoisseurs known as "China's best" and "the most of the paper-cutting".

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