The majestic body content of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Nanjing is located in one of the famous ancient capitals in China, between the mighty river banks and the beautiful water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. The mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great revolutionary pioneer of China people, is located at the southern foot of Zhongshan in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. The origin of Zhongshan Mountain comes from Maoshan Mountain in southern Jiangsu and extends to Nanjing and Zhenjiang in the north, which is called Ningzhen Mountain. Zhongshan is the highest peak of Ningzhen Mountain Range, with an altitude of about 460 meters, east-west direction, about seven kilometers long and only three kilometers wide from north to south. Because most of the nearby areas are alluvial plains and hills, the mountain shape is particularly majestic and tall. Its hilltop slope is steep and steep, and the peaks are stacked with stones, but it gradually becomes gentle below the mountainside, with towering pines and cypresses and lush grass. Against the backdrop of lush forests and purple shale on the top of the mountain, a very beautiful and harmonious picture of nature has been formed. According to legend, Dr. Sun Yat-sen came to Zhongshan to hunt after he resigned as interim president in March 19 12. Seeing the beautiful scenery and wide terrain around him, he expressed his hope to be buried here. 1March, 925 12, Dr. Sun Yat-sen died of liver cancer. According to his last wish, he built his cemetery at the southern foot of Zhongshan in Nanjing. The design scheme of the cemetery was selected through competition, and more than 40 drawings submitted for selection were sealed for review. At that time, many Chinese and foreign architects participated, but the top three were all architects from China. The first prize is Lv Yanzhi's bell design. Because he considered the combination of the cemetery with the surrounding environment and terrain, and referred to some excellent traditional experiences in China ancient architecture, he adopted symmetrical central axis, the appearance of national buildings, simple colors, simple decoration and large-scale greening, which basically achieved the requirements of expressing the solemn atmosphere of the cemetery and Dr. Sun Yat-sen's immortal spirit, and achieved satisfactory results in practice. The project started on 1926, 1, the foundation stone was laid on March 26th, and 1929 was basically completed. On June/KOOC-0/day of the same year, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin was transported from Biyun Temple in Xiangshan, Beijing for burial, but the final project was not completed until June/KOOC-0/93/KOOC-0/day and June/KOOC-0/0. The cemetery covers an area of 46,000 mu and has been built for 6 years. According to the currency value at that time, the funds used amounted to more than 4 million yuan. The cemetery is generally arranged on the gentle slope at the southern foot of Zhongshan according to the north-south central axis, and it is about one kilometer away from Linggu Temple and Ming Tombs from east to west (connected by roads). In this way, the famous scenic spots in the three districts are integrated, and the scope and content of scenic spots in the eastern suburbs are expanded, which is commendable in regional planning. The broad cemetery avenue is six kilometers long from Zhongshan Gate to the front of the mausoleum, with many French phoenix trees planted on both sides. When these street trees grow up, they flourish and crisscross, forming a lush forest avenue that blocks the sun. Many deciduous trees and evergreen trees are densely planted on the hillside outside the road, and the forests overlap and are dark, which makes people gradually enter a solemn atmosphere before reaching the mausoleum. The overall layout of the cemetery can be roughly divided into two parts: north and south. The south includes the stone archway at the entrance and the long tomb passage (in the general plan, it is like hanging rope under the bell). The northern part includes the mausoleum gate, tablet pavilion, stone steps, large platforms, sacrificial halls and tombs. (In the general plan, it is represented by the bell itself). The entrance to the mausoleum is located at the southernmost tip, marked by the stone archway with three rooms on the third floor. Under the eaves of the Ming Dynasty, a horizontal plaque inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen was hung. Shifang North is a slow ramp leading to Lingmen, and cars can follow it directly to Lingmen. There is an inclined platform at the northern end of the tomb, and a three-wide hard-mountain shed is built on the east and west sides, which is the residence of the guards who used to guard the tomb. The building in front of the mausoleum is 15 meters high, 24 meters wide and 8 meters deep. It rests on the top of Qingbo Mountain and has a single eaves. The house is granite, the interior of the house is supported by a circular arch, and there is no beam-column hall in the whole building. Style, in the middle of the arch lintel engraved with Dr. Sun Yat-sen's calligraphy "the world is public" several golden characters. The stone steps behind the Xunling Gate lead to the Monument Pavilion, which is located in the stone base under the monument of Kamei (f ū). An 8-meter-high stone tablet is erected, engraved with golden regular script: "On June 1, the eighteenth year of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang of China buried Premier Sun Yat-sen here." From the monument pavilion to the north, the terrain is steep and steep. From here to the platform in front of the memorial hall, it is built with wide stone steps. The stone steps are divided into eight sections, each ranging from more than 30 to more than 50, with a grade of 290. At the end of the stone steps is a large platform, with a width of 135 m and a depth of 30 m. In the center, the main building of the cemetery, the sacrifice hall, stands. The platform is the commanding height of the whole mausoleum, with a vertical elevation difference of more than 70 meters from the stone square at the entrance. Wide field of vision, colorful weather, convenient close-up and distant view. When the sun is shining, the mountains in the distance are like screens, and Qinhuai is like a belt; Near the hut, Pu Tian is criss-crossed, with roads, ferries and bridges. Pedestrians, chariots and horses are all implicit, as if a long scroll of meticulous painting was unfolding in front of us. The day before sunrise, in the morning smoke and dusk fog, the city was still crawling with snakes, the mountains were like turtles, the pavilions were vaguely wrong, and the peaks were far away and the trees were near, which was faintly discernible. People seem to be facing a large splash of ink. Whether it is spring, summer, autumn and winter, or wind, frost, rain and snow, nature will show people its wonderful scenery. The memorial hall is a double-eaved building with a width of 27 meters, a depth of 22 meters and a height of 26 meters. There are 12 black granite columns in the hall, and the retaining wall is black marble. The stone tablet is engraved with the full text of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Warning party member's Speech. In the north of the center, there is a white marble statue of this great revolutionary. The statue stands upright and looks serene and realistic. The diameter of the tomb is about16m, and the height is about10m. There is a circular cavity in the middle of the ground, where Dr. Sun Yat-sen's marble sarcophagus and lying statue are placed, surrounded by circular walkways and stone fences for viewing. The roof of the room is a hemispherical vault, which does not open windows to the outside, and adopts electrical lighting and mechanical ventilation. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin was buried in Emperor Feng 'an (1) in 1929. This refers to the relocation and burial of Sun Yat-sen's coffin. It was buried 5 meters underground and reinforced with reinforced concrete for safety. There is a fence outside, covered with grass and planted with plum blossoms, magnolia and other flowers and trees. Since liberation, the party and the state have been paying close attention to cemeteries. In addition to the establishment of special management institutions, the whole cemetery area has been maintained and repaired, keeping the great revolutionary's resting place clean, quiet and solemn. Edit the first part of this paragraph (1-4) to introduce the owner and location of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. The second part (paragraph 5- 1 1) explains the geography, human environment, design scheme, architectural overview, overall layout and components of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, and introduces the architectural features of each part in order of orientation, highlighting the solemnity of the Mausoleum and the immortality of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's spirit. The third part (paragraph 12) expounds the social value of Zhong Shanshan cemetery. Edit this section of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Scenic Area, Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Scenic Area, which was called Jinling Mountain in ancient times. There are three east-west juxtaposed peaks in Zijin Mountain. Standing in the eastern suburb of the city, it is the main peak of Ningzhen Mountain. It is 7 kilometers long from east to west and 4 kilometers wide from north to south, stretching for about 10 kilometers. In the majestic Zhongshan, pine and cypress converge into a vast forest, which hides more than 200 places of interest. Zhongshan Scenic Area is a famous scenic spot in China. The main attractions are: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Scenic Area, Ming Mausoleum Scenic Area, Meihua Mountain, Linggu Temple Scenic Area, Purple Mountain Observatory, Zhongshan Botanical Garden, Arctic Pavilion Meteorological Observatory, Jiming Temple, etc. It also includes Xuanwu Lake, Fuguishan around the lake, Jiuhua Mountain, Xiaohongshan, city walls and castles, and more than 28 cultural relics protection units are concentrated. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, formerly known as the Prime Minister's Mausoleum, is the mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the great revolution. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is built on the mountain, facing south, with Ming Mausoleum in the west and Linggu Temple in the east. The mountain ridge is in the front row, and the barrier is behind. Magnificent, magnificent. The coffin of the great revolutionary pioneer Dr. Sun Yat-sen was laid here on June 1929. The whole cemetery is in the shape of an alarm bell, in which the memorial hall is a palace-style building with three archways, and the banner of "nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood" is engraved on the lintel. There is a marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in the memorial hall, and the full text of the Outline of the Establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen is engraved on the wall. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum started construction in the spring of 1926 and was basically completed in the summer of 1929. But the final project was not completed until June 193 1 10, with an area of * * * 80,000 square meters. It was built for six years before and after, and the funds used were more than 4 million according to the currency at that time. In June of the same year, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin was transported to Biyun Temple in Xiangshan, Beijing for burial. The main buildings are: memorial archway, tomb gate and pavilion. Looking down from the air, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum looks like a "liberty bell" lying on a green carpet. The bronze statue of Dr. Zhongshan at the foot of the mountain is the spire of the bell, the half-moon square is the arc of the bell top, and the top of the tomb is like a pendulum hammer. At that time, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's funeral preparation office extensively collected mausoleum design plans. As a result, the design of "liberty bell" by architect Lv Yanzhi won the first prize. Lv Yanzhi was also hired as the chief architect of the mausoleum. This group of buildings has achieved good results in the combination of shapes, the use of colors, the expression of materials and the handling of details, and the colors are harmonious, thus enhancing the solemn atmosphere. There is a tall granite archway at the entrance of the mausoleum, with the word "fraternity" written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in gold. From the arch to the altar, there are 392 stone steps and 8 platforms. The steps are made of Suzhou granite. The memorial hall is the main building of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which combines Chinese and western architectural styles. It is 29 meters high, 30 meters long and 25 meters wide. The three archways in the south of the memorial hall are carved with bronze Shuang Ye, and the doors are engraved with the words: nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood. The middle door is embedded with Dr. Sun Yat-sen's calligraphy "Righteousness of Heaven and Earth". In the center of the memorial hall, there is a statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, which was created by French sculptor paul long Tesky. There are six reliefs carved on the base, which is a portrayal of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary activities. On the marble of the east-west retaining wall of the memorial hall, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's handwritten work "Outline of the Establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC)" is engraved. There are two tomb doors behind the hall, two front doors are made of copper, and the door frames are made of black marble. There is a banner in Dr. Sun Yat-sen's calligraphy "The Great Spiritual End". The double fan is a single copper fan, and the door is engraved with the stone carving of "Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Tomb". The entrance is a circular tomb with a diameter of 18m and a height of11m. In the middle is a long grave with a white marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen on it and the body of Dr. Sun Yat-sen buried below. The tomb is 5 meters deep and sealed with reinforced concrete. The front of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum faces a vast plain, and the back stands upright, with magnificent weather. Commemorative buildings such as the Music Station, Guanghua Pavilion, Liuhui Pavilion, Yangzhige, Tibetan Classics Building, Xingjian Pavilion, Yongfeng Society, Yangzhige, and Sun Yat-sen Academy surround the Mausoleum with stars holding the moon, which constitutes the main landscape of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Scenic Area, which not only entrusts donors at home and abroad with the high respect and memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, but also is the masterpiece of famous architects and has high artistic value. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the Revolution of 1911. The bell pattern designed by Lv Yanzhi, the designer of the cemetery, has the meaning of "warning" and freedom, symbolizing the significance and contribution of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in leading the China revolution.