What are the forms and characteristics of corruption?

This kind of collective corruption is not based on individual behavior, but follows the principle of "sharing all interests", that is, establishing a "body of collective interests with the same body", in which all participants are blessed with the same happiness and share difficulties, so "all lose and all prosper". Its manifestations include collective bribery, collective interception, collective smuggling, collective tax fraud, collective bribery, collective dereliction of duty, collective reselling, collective fraud and collective waste. In short, all forms of economic crimes or illegal acts can be carried out in the name of the collective. These people who commit crimes or violate disciplines by "collective investment" think that they can huddle together and "collude with each other" to share risks with the outside world, which leads to the failure of the law to eradicate the public. This situation even led to the so-called "corporate crime".

2. Type of official furniture store

Private official shops refer to private hotels, dance halls and other industries directly operated by party and government cadres or indirectly operated by family members and relatives. Nationwide, there are many private shops run by the government. They have a common feature, that is, unfair competition in the market through non-economic means such as social capital and power and "back door" relationship, so as to reap huge profits. Using power for money is the innate condition for this kind of official and private shops to make profits.

3. Types of law enforcement

According to Xinhua News Agency on June 5438+ 10, 2003, Chen Yi, general manager of Hebei R&F Glass Products Co., Ltd., together with Yu Junyi, former vice president of the People's Court of Pingquan County, Hebei Province, and Li Shengyin, a judge of Xiaosigou Court of Pingquan County, made a series of false acts in an attempt to cover up the shocking fact that more than 7 million yuan of state-owned assets were appropriated for themselves. Li Jizhou, former vice minister of the Ministry of Public Security, is the highest-ranking criminal in law enforcement. During the period of 1994- 1997, he took advantage of his position as assistant and deputy minister of the Ministry of Public Security to accept bribes and interfere with the investigation and handling of illegal smuggling activities by public security organs at lower levels.

4. Institutional loopholes

It is to exploit all kinds of loopholes in the system, the price difference caused by the dual-track system of examination and approval, quota, wagon and automobile speculation, and use their own power resources to dig the corner of the policy and the loopholes in management in the process of policy formulation, examination and approval and implementation. Judging from the numerous corruption cases discovered in Chinese mainland in recent years, a considerable part of them are caused by management loopholes. For example, a man named Ying Haiming of Shougang No.2 Wire Rod Factory is engaged in the distribution, processing, acceptance and repurchase of materials without any restrictions, and he took advantage of his work to embezzle when he was the dispatcher of the production department in 197 1- 1994.

5. Hide the gray type

In public-owned enterprises, due to the expansion of enterprise autonomy, power is concentrated on the factory director and manager, and the distribution is vague, and "red envelopes" and "kickbacks" are prevalent. In addition, due to the transformation of enterprises, operators are rewarded heavily, and the income gap between operators (especially enterprise contractors and contractors) and producers is widening rapidly. Together with other invisible incomes, some of them are as high as ten times, dozens of times and hundreds of times, and the annual salary of general managers of individual companies is as high as 65438+. There are various indications that the problem of leading cadres accepting red envelopes has not been fundamentally curbed, but has also spread in the dark, with an increasing amount. Many corrupt officials began to slide into the abyss of crime because they received red envelopes and gifts.

6. Selling official titles

An important trend of corruption in China today is that if you want to trade power and money, you must first buy off the wives, children, family members, relatives and secretaries of leading cadres.

According to the Xinhua News Agency in 2003, the corruption problem of buying and selling officials in Heilongjiang Province is serious. According to criminal judgment of Daqing Intermediate People's Court, Niu, deputy director of Heilongjiang Forestry Industry Bureau, not only took bribes, but also paid bribes of 6,543,800 yuan for promotion and was sentenced to 654.38+02. Ma De, secretary of Suihua District Committee of Heilongjiang Province, was arrested for selling titles and titles to more than 260 officials at or above the county level and collecting more than 20 million yuan.

7. Industry monopoly type

Some state employees related to finance, stock, insurance, foreign trade, customs, real estate, circulation departments and industries protected by special state policies use power and money to conduct transactions, which makes it easier for them to obtain private interests than any other industry.

8.Power-color transaction type

An important reason for many officials to accelerate corruption is that heroes are sad about beauty and have women to take care of them outside marriage, which is the so-called golden house, and to do this, they must have financial resources. So the sex trade and the money trade are mixed up. Ni, former governor of Jiangxi Province, Chen Xitong, former member of the Political Bureau and secretary of Beijing Municipal Committee, and Wang, former vice mayor of Beijing all belong to this type.

9. Eat, drink and be merry

According to the report of China News Service on March 13, 2000, Huang Zhenjiang, the former manager of the comprehensive business department of Liaoning orient securities Company, fled to Harbin with illegal income on June 1995, and spent more than 2.5 million yuan with a woman in two years. In the meantime, he also hired a young lady, 70 thousand yuan per week, with an average of 1 10 thousand yuan per day; He also buried 2 million cash beside the riverbank in Harbin, which was dug away by others, but he was afraid to report it. Wu Ganfu, an accountant of Haikou Zhendong Credit Cooperative, embezzled 7.2 million yuan of public funds within 8 months. Once he embezzled and took a car with 580,000 cash. The money was robbed and people were beaten, but he was afraid to report it. He is a frequent visitor to the ballroom, and beautiful girls become like lanterns. The amount of gifts to women is 50,000 yuan, and the amount of gambling is 6,543.8+200,000 yuan. He also bought four luxury cars at one time with 2 million yuan, and formed a team and buddies to go for a ride.

10. Patriarchal type

The relevant departments of the central government pointed out that some grass-roots party organizations are dominated by clan forces. Wang Yunzhong, secretary of the Party branch of the original village of Zhaohou Village, Xu Liang Town, Bo 'ai County, Henan Province, regarded the village as his own world, set up his own company, became the big boss of the company, occupied four courtyards in the village, took the collective industry for himself, and even bought weapons and ammunition, rallied local ruffians and hooligans, and tortured and exploited the villagers at will. There is a typical township enterprise Daqiuzhuang in Baodi County, Tianjin. Once upon a time, there was a man named Yu. He was the most famous peasant entrepreneur in China. Like the father of this village, he turned the whole enterprise into not only an independent kingdom, but also a "home world", allowing his children and relatives to control all departments. He also arbitrarily set up private courts to torture villagers or employees.

1 1. red and black collusion type

According to the investigation of relevant departments, in many provinces and regions, rogue criminal groups even have well-organized underworld forces, which have greatly penetrated economic activities, such as controlling resources, controlling traffic, monopolizing the market, driving up prices, collecting protection fees, and doing black and white business. They colluded with government officials, clan forces, various lawless elements and even overseas triads, causing serious social chaos.

12. Family members are evil.

According to a report by China News Service on March 13, 2000, Wei Shizhong, vice mayor of Yingtan City, Jiangxi Province, has always been incorruptible. In order to refuse to give gifts, he even took his whole family to hide in relatives' homes on holidays, because it was impossible to accept gifts without hurting the face of the giver. But his wife Hou Shuie later resigned. She shouted at her husband, "What are you afraid of? Everyone else does it. It is a fool not to do it. I will deal with some things, which have nothing to do with you. " Under Hou's repeated instructions, both husband and wife accepted bribes. As a result, Wei Shizhong was sentenced to 15 years, and his wife was sentenced to 4 years. Han Fucai, deputy director of Qinghai Provincial People's Congress, continued to marry his wife Ma Yulong, who is 22 years younger than him. Han is obedient to Ma. A report described the couple's bribery as follows: "She dares to accept foreign money; If he is not convenient to accept, she will accept it. " As a result, Han Fucai was sentenced to 8 years' imprisonment and Ma Yulong was also sentenced to 3 years' probation for 5 years.

13. Nova degeneration

Many promising young cadres, even young senior cadres, have fallen into the abyss of economic crimes. Hu Jianxue, former Party Secretary of Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, is the youngest leading cadre in the province. He was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence for accepting bribes and embezzlement. Wei Cangping, former deputy secretary of the Party Committee and general manager of Hebei Petroleum Company, was only 39 years old and was sentenced to death with a suspended execution for corruption and bribery. Zhang Guoying, the son of a martyr, the hero of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam and the former deputy commander of a normal university of the People's Liberation Army, was involved in the 4.3 billion illegal fund-raising case in Deng Bin, Wuxi.

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Some middle-aged cadres who seemed to have both ability and political integrity finally fell under the temptation of money. Zhong, former vice mayor of Nanjing, graduated from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics. He works hard and has a very proud performance. People's Daily once reported him. But in the end, he failed to resist the temptation of money and became a criminal because of accepting bribes. Ceng Jincheng, the former director of communications in Henan Province, is a descendant of Zeng Guofan, a famous figure in Qing Dynasty. 1968 graduated from the Civil Engineering Department of Hunan University. At the age of 25, he designed the Wan Hu Bridge, the second largest stone arch bridge in China. He rose from a road maintenance worker and technician to a high position step by step. He used to be a man of the hour in the field of transportation, but in the end he became a man of corruption and bribery.

15. There is no guarantee in the later period.

Many officials, even senior officials, have done a lot of good deeds and even made amazing achievements, but when they are about to retire, they have the evil idea of finally making a fortune. China's "Democracy and Legal System" magazine made a special analysis of this phenomenon, calling it the dusk tragedy, or "59 phenomenon". These people always feel that they have worked for the party all their lives, but they have not received any benefits. Therefore, when they are about to lose their power, they have a feeling of "having the right not to use it, and it will be invalid when it expires"!

16. Unknown type attribute

The first direct manifestation of all kinds of corruption is unclear property, because things have not been exposed, so people cannot be convicted. Once detected, it will become other specific types.

17. Violent and corrupt

In mid-March, 2000, Li Shaowu, deputy magistrate of Longan County, Guangxi, who shocked Guangdong and Guangxi, was suspected of planning to hire five killers with 360,000 yuan with Huang Zhongyuan, director of the township enterprise bureau of the county, and was prosecuted by Nanning Branch of Guangxi Autonomous Region Procuratorate in Nanning Intermediate People's Court according to law. The victim of this case, Yang Cong, is the director of Longan County Environmental Protection Bureau and a friend of Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan. After leaving without pay, he found a loan from Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan to start a company. Li Shaowu and Yang partnered to "make money", which made Yang's company easily borrow 5.4 million yuan from the county and township enterprise foundation. Later, due to the uneven distribution of interests, they threatened to take Li and Huang to court to ruin their reputation and make them unable to be officials. Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan were afraid of being officials because the county government was about to hold an election, so they plotted to find a killer to kill Yang Cong. Therefore, Li and Huang hired five killers from the society for 360,000 yuan. 1On the night of August 25th, 998, they took Yang Cong to a remote place and killed him with a pig knife and dagger. Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan took the illegal gains for themselves.

18. Public funds bribery type

Bribery with public funds, some for the benefit of the unit, more for the generosity of the "public", and lay the foundation for broadening the road and promoting to a higher position in the future. For example, Pan Keming, former director of Zhengzhou Railway Bureau, repeatedly ordered his subordinates to "see" Luo, former vice minister of the Ministry of Railways, Xu Jun, former director of the Transportation Bureau, and others, ranging from "seasonal products" such as fruits, sesame oil and drinks to valuables such as freezers, gold rings, cash and video recorders, and to "pay tribute" to their immediate superiors. Pan's purpose in doing this is not just to "get on well with the top." Deng Bin, an emerging industrial company in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, illegally raised 3.2 billion yuan before and after, causing a sensation in the world. In the meantime, she paid bribes to bosses and key figures with public funds and spent huge sums of money for some cadres and their families to travel abroad. She used this modern and fashionable way of "emotional investment" to buy the hearts of powerful people, paving the way for her to squander the hard-earned money of fund-raisers.

19. Internal and external collusion

Some lawless foreigners, people from Hong Kong, Taiwan or overseas Chinese took advantage of the imperfection of China's economic and legal system to buy off some people with power and resources, so they colluded inside and outside, resulting in a large outflow of state-owned assets. According to the People's Daily on June 5438+1October 65438+July 2003, the state-owned Zhengzhou Instrument Factory merged with a private company because of falsely reporting its registered capital. In two years, more than 30 million yuan of state-owned assets were eaten up and more than 200 employees were forced to be laid off. After the private company was unable to operate, it signed a separation agreement with the instrument factory and cancelled it.