Characteristics of China's Architectural Aesthetics Based on Architectural Aesthetics

The buildings in China are the most widely distributed in the world and have unique traditional styles. The architecture of each brother nation has its own traditions and characteristics, among which the architecture of Han nationality is the mainstream of China architecture. Its aesthetic characteristics are mainly manifested in three aspects:

① The aesthetic value of architecture is closely related to its ethical value. The aesthetic standard of architecture requires not only to make people feel happy, but also to properly express the ethical and political content contained in the image itself. For example, the composition of the capital, the body image is almost heaven and earth, and the latitude and longitude are almost yin and yang. According to Hannah Quinlivan, this square is too purple. The palace shows that the son of heaven takes the four seas as his home, which is not gorgeous or powerful. Since the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, there have been detailed hierarchical regulations and etiquette theories on the size, shape, color and material of urban rules, palaces, temples, tombs, houses and ancestral temples. Sometimes it is as subtle as the theme of colored painting sculpture, the lattice of doors and windows, and the style of tile decoration. This etiquette law is often combined with the mature formal beauty law, forming a sense of harmony, rhythm and personality of different types of buildings in a specific social era.

② The formal beauty of architectural art comes directly from functional content and engineering practice. The formal beauty of China architecture is firstly the beauty of group and the beauty of sequence. This overall artistic atmosphere is based on meeting the requirements of etiquette and practicality in life. Even the quadrangle, its layout and size also reflect the living status and treatment of people of different classes in feudal families, such as seniority, seniority, internal and external, humility, clothing and so on. Such as the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Temple of Heaven, the Ming Tombs, the Summer Palace, Suzhou Gardens, Mount Emei and so on. Their artistic forms all reflect their functional contents. After a long period of practice, at least from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China architecture has paid attention to seeking the proportional relationship between various structural components on the premise of maintaining firm structure and rapid construction, so as to make the group and monomer, structure and shape present harmony and stability. Kao Gongji first described some proportional rules, of which 2:3 is the most commonly used. In the Tang Dynasty, the proportion of structural members was more complete and unified. In the second year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 103), the Construction Law promulgated by the imperial court made more subtle provisions on the law of proportionality, requiring the accurate use of the basic unit of measurement 10: 15, that is, 2:3. 2:3 is not only close to the golden section, but also one of the best parameters of material mechanics, so it is called wood.

③ Pay more attention to the inner artistic conception of the environment than the simple aesthetic appearance. Traditional buildings in China have achieved great aesthetic effects by using sequential design and environmental atmosphere, and made important contributions to the world architectural aesthetics. In the Ming and Qing palaces in Beijing, there are more than 20 halls, pavilions and pavilions arranged on the straight central axis of 3.5 kilometers, forming more than 10 spaces with different atmospheres. Through the change of rhythm, it has achieved a magnificent and shocking effect. The Temple of Heaven, with the lush pine and cypress forest as the background, sets off the white dome and the blue hall of prayer for the New Year in the clear sky, and its image is extremely holy and solemn. In order to deepen the artistic conception of the environment, we also attach great importance to the use of symbolic techniques, such as layout, modeling form, image simulation, plaque inscription and so on. Inspire people's association, such as the shape, color and layout of the Temple of Heaven and many figures related to the sun, which highlight the ancient people's understanding of the sky. Chengde mountain resort and Waiba Temple, imitating famous domestic scenic spots and famous temples in Mongolia and Tibet, symbolize the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country.

Although architectural aesthetics has a long history, the works so far can't adapt to the actual artistic phenomenon and aesthetic taste, especially the research on aesthetic psychology is very weak.