What is family pension, collective pension and social pension?

At present, there are three main ways to provide for the aged in rural areas in China: family pension, collective pension and social pension.

(1) Family pension. Family support for the elderly is a way for families or family members to provide clothing, food, shelter and transportation for the elderly. Mainly in three aspects: financial aid, life care and spiritual comfort. China has a history of civilization for thousands of years. It is our traditional virtue to respect the old and love the young. Family support for the aged has always been the most important way to support the aged in rural areas of China. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the rural family pension in China accounts for about 92% of the whole old-age security, and it will still occupy a dominant position for a long time to come. 1The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, which came into effect in June 1996, clearly stipulates that the elderly have the right to be supported, and legally confirms the status of family pension.

(2) Collective pension. Collective old-age care means that rural grassroots organizations implement the "five guarantees" system for the "three noes" elderly, that is, the elderly who have no support, no ability to work and no source of livelihood, that is, food, clothing, medical care and burial. Some of the five-guarantee systems in China adopt decentralized support, that is, village-level organizations are responsible for neighborhood care; Some take nursing homes (nursing homes) for centralized support, and arrange the "five guarantees" elderly people in township or village nursing homes, arrange food, clothing, housing and other living needs in a unified way, and arrange daily care for staff. The former currently has more than 2 million people in China.

With the reform of China's rural economic system, the way of collective pension is gradually weakening, and the number of rural collective nursing homes has dropped from 65438+27886 in 0990 to 16498, 1997. On 1998, the government reformed and the rural social security department was transferred from the Ministry of Civil Affairs to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Affected by many factors, the number of rural social endowment insurance participants has decreased, and the fund operation has become more difficult. The progress of the work slowed down. It is believed that China does not have the conditions to implement social endowment insurance generally at present, and the rural social endowment insurance work has begun to be cleaned up and standardized.

(3) social pension. Rural social pension is an old-age security system organized and implemented by the government, aiming at ensuring the basic living security of farmers after they get old. China began to implement it from 199 1, but this way of providing for the aged is not common at present. 24. How to build a rural social security service network Since the establishment of the rural social security system, China has always attached great importance to the construction of the rural social security service network. From 199 1 to 200 1, 20,000 townships have established rural social security service networks, accounting for 43.4% of the total number of townships in China. See table 3- 1 for details.

Table 3- 1 National Rural Social Security Service Network

The above rural social security service network was established by the civil affairs department through a lot of work to improve the rural social security system. However, when 1998 rural social endowment insurance belongs to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, these service networks are still bridges for civil affairs departments to carry out civil affairs work. Up to now, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security has not established an effective network system in the whole country, which greatly affects the development of rural social endowment insurance and is one of the important reasons why rural social endowment insurance has stagnated from 1998.

When the Ministry of Civil Affairs is in charge of rural social endowment insurance, it has established a relatively complete rural social security service network. By the end of 1997, there were 2005 rural social endowment insurance institutions, 33 140 endowment insurance agencies and 17935 townships with rural social security service networks, with a coverage rate of over 40%. This is an important achievement made by the vast number of civil servants who went deep into rural areas to contact the masses, and also provided a solid foundation for rural social endowment insurance at that time, attracting a large number of farmers to participate in social endowment insurance. The number of people participating in rural social endowment insurance increased from 35 million in 1992 to 74.52 million in 1 13%. However, since 1998 handed over the work of rural social endowment insurance to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the work of rural social endowment insurance declined because the Ministry of Labor and Social Security did not establish a network system to carry out this work, and the number of rural social endowment insurance participants decreased from 80.25 million in 1998 to 54.62 million in 2002, a decrease of 32%. This not only affects the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in rural social endowment insurance, but also slows down the process of rural social endowment insurance. From 1999 to 200 1, the state rectified and standardized the rural social endowment insurance. Professor Ceng Yi, doctoral supervisor of China Economic Research Center of Peking University, pointed out: "The problem of rural old-age security is at a standstill. Now the so-called rectification and reform have actually stopped. I personally think that this situation must be reversed as soon as possible. The government has the responsibility to continue this important work. In the 1990s, the Ministry of Civil Affairs was engaged in this matter. It is difficult to move rural old-age security to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security now, and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security has no network. " Therefore, to promote the rural social endowment insurance, we must establish and improve the rural social endowment insurance service network as soon as possible.

How to establish rural social endowment insurance service network? Is the Ministry of Labor and Social Security responsible for establishing or using other networks?

In the long run, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security should establish and improve the rural social endowment insurance network, which can give full play to the positive role of organizing and guiding rural social endowment insurance, facilitate the implementation of rural social endowment insurance policies formulated by the state, and reduce unnecessary complications. However, there may be some difficulties at present, which requires some investment from the state to reverse the basically stagnant rural social endowment insurance as soon as possible, and a lot of work needs to be done by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security.

Rural social endowment insurance is a huge and arduous systematic project, involving more than 70% of the population in China. The state has invested a certain amount of money, and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security has established and improved the rural social endowment insurance service network, which is a great cause that will benefit the present and the future. It is a very important strategic move for China, and it can be said that it is to build a new Great Wall of Wan Li to prevent the old age crisis of the Chinese nation in the next few decades or even longer. Compared with the huge social benefits, the efforts and national investment made by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security to establish and improve the rural social old-age security network are insignificant.