What are the names of the parts of erhu?

Erhu consists of a barrel, a diaphragm, a stem, a head, a chord, a jack, a bridge, a bow and strings.

Harp pipe is the horn of erhu pronunciation, which plays the role of amplifying and rendering the vibration of strings. Mostly made of hardwood such as mahogany, rosewood, ebony or ebony, but also rosewood, bamboo tube and hard colored wood. The traditional piano tube is made of wood blocks, with a slightly larger front end, a slightly smaller back end and a slightly thinner waist. The front end of the pipe is covered with a vibrating membrane, and the rear part of the pipe is provided with a sound window. Most of the sound windows are made of wood and are engraved with various decorative patterns, which can not only beautify the shape of the erhu, but also help the erhu to pronounce.

The drum of erhu has many shapes, such as square, octagon and ellipse, and each shape has its own pronunciation characteristics. However, because their shapes are basically regular, the * * * vibration frequency range of the barrel and the diaphragm is relatively narrow. To improve the volume of erhu, especially in the high-pitched area, it is necessary to reform the drum of erhu to make it more scientific and reasonable. In the 30 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, only the diameter of the traditional hexagonal drum has undergone many specification changes, such as 8.4 8.6 8.8cm. The irregular drum is louder than the regular drum, so on this basis, the flat cylindrical erhu, the flat hexagonal erhu and the flat octagonal erhu have been developed. The volume of these drums has obviously increased, but the timbre is not beautiful enough, and the taste of our Jiangnan is not too strong. Among them, the flat octagonal erhu has a loud sound without losing its unique timbre. These erhu are all professionally played.

The diaphragm is a thin, tough and elastic python skin, snake skin, attached to the front end of the piano barrel. It is the diaphragm of erhu pronunciation. The vibration of the strings is transmitted to the diaphragm through the bridge, and the diaphragm vibrates strongly, which strengthens and filters the vibration of the strings, thus increasing the volume and producing rich musical instruments, which are commonly known as bags, and are usually used to make the same wood for the piano barrel. At the top of the upper half is a piano head with two chords, and the lower end is inserted into the piano barrel. The production of the piano pole is very important to the vibration and timbre of the whole erhu, and it is also a part that is often neglected in the production of erhu. Zhou Rongting, a famous producer, believes that the positioning of various parts of the erhu is very scientific in long-term practice, and it is very important to grasp it accurately in production, which is very important for the durability, timbre and playing skills of the erhu.

The decorative part at the upper end of the piano shaft. There are usually crescent, faucet, epiphyseal head, flat head and other shapes. The crescent-shaped piano head gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the area near the top gradually increases. The top is decorated with oval bone pieces, and the different shapes of the piano head enrich the style of erhu.

String, also known as Qin, is made of hardwood such as mahogany, fragrant mahogany and boxwood. The shape is a rotating cone. The top of the shaft is decorated, and multiple layers of bone pieces are stuck to the sawdust. The shaft body is provided with a longitudinal groove and two chords, the upper shaft bolt has an inner chord and the lower shaft bolt has an outer chord. Drill a small hole at the thin end of the string shaft for passing through the string. In 1960s, Zhang Zirui invented the straight erhu screw string shaft (copper pin).

One thousand catties are generally made of cotton or silk thread. Different materials will affect the timbre of erhu. Progress is the starting point of string vibration pronunciation. The chord length from Qianjin to Qinma is also called effective chord length.

Qin Ma, also known as Ma Zi, is usually made of wood or bamboo. Erhu horse is bigger than Jinghu horse, and bamboo horse has bright pronunciation, which is suitable for playing lively tunes. Trojan horses are usually made of pine or colored wood, with a loud volume and a thick and soft tone. After the color Trojan horse is processed, the pronunciation is better. The bridge and horse are placed slightly above the middle of the diaphragm of the erhu. Qin Ma not only has the same function of intercepting the effective chord length as Qian Jin, but more importantly, it transmits the vibration of vocal cords to them. The adjustment of the bridge and horse will make the timbre of erhu different.

The bow, also known as the bow, is made of thin bamboo poles and ponytails such as Arundo donax with good elasticity. The thin end of bamboo is the bow head, the thick end is the bow tail, and the two ends are braided with ponytails. In the early 1960s, the screw bow made by Zhang Zirui became popular, and the ponytail was hooked between the bow head and the bow tail hook. By adjusting the screw, the tightness of the ponytail can be changed as needed, and it is also convenient to change strings. Now it is widely used in the whole country.

String, the pronunciation of erhu, is made of silk and steel strings. The two strings of erhu are different in thickness. When using a silk string, if the outer chord is a sub-chord, the inner chord is a middle chord. The outer string uses the intermediate string, and the inner string uses the old string. Silk thread sounds soft and implicit, but the volume is low, which can be used for solo or ensemble. When steel wire strings are used, bare strings are used for the outer strings and wound strings are used for the inner strings. Silk strings are bright, vigorous and loud, and can be used for ensemble or ensemble. Nowadays, national bands widely use steel wire strings.

In addition, there are piano holders, also called pallets, which are generally made of the same wood as the piano body. Qintori has two pads to support the piano barrel, which are fixed by cooperating with the piano rod and wooden screws. There is no contact between the piano holder and the piano barrel except for two pads. The piano holder not only increases the stability when playing, but also contributes to the vibration of the piano barrel.