What are the styles of villas? The characteristics of these styles

Classical traditional style of villa design style

Introduction

This tradition originated from the 9th century BC to the 4th century BC ancient Greek temple architecture, as well as the 1st century BC to the 5th century BC ancient Roman public **** architectural law style, its majestic classical colonnade, tall columns and simple texture to the world to marvel at the well-proportioned proportions, outstanding personality, more than 2000 years has been the goal of people's pursuit. Perfected by the Renaissance movement and the neoclassical movement of the 19th century, it has developed into the ideological roots of classical architectural theory. Belonging to this style are:

Roman style

Derived from the ancient Roman style, also known as the early classical style.　The villa is characterized by: A, a simple triangular roof or triangular ridge; B, a classical portico on the front fa?ade that is equal in height to the ridge (it is the most conspicuous inlet on the front fa?ade); C, the classical portico consists of four columns with square bases and a formal pediment (triangular frieze); D, a semicircular or oval air window above the door of the main entrance; E, the windows are symmetrically distributed on a central axis, usually in five columns ( less than three columns and more than seven columns are rare).　It has three forms: two-story; one-story; with flanking annexes.

Greek style

There are two main factors for the origin of the ancient Greek temple style: A. Anthropological investigations at the time confirmed that the source of the ancient Roman style was the ancient Greek style; B. Greece fought a war of independence between 1821 and 1830. Because of these two reasons, people's interest in Greece and the ancient Greek architectural style multiplied, the Greek style was popular for about 40 years and then gradually replaced by the Gothic style and the Italian Renaissance style and the Victorian style.　It is characterized by: a. A low-pitched gable or four-pitched roof; b. A wide, long upper frieze band under the triangular eaves and under the roof of the main porch; c. The top of the Classical porch (sometimes equal in height to the eaves) is usually flat, if supported by dry round or square columns; d. Horizontal decorative strips on the main entrance door, which are integrated with the elaborate door decoration.　It has six forms: porch equal in height to the eaves; porch below the eaves; full-break porch on the front fa?ade; front-facing wall porch with flanking wings; and flat roof (in urban dwellings).

Neoclassical style

At the World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893, the century program of the main venue decided to adopt the classical ideas and styles at the outset, and then a large number of buildings, such as the national clubhouse, were designed to bring the classical style into full play. The villa is characterized by: A, the appearance of luxurious and complex decorations, the front fa?ade (one or more floors) is usually a row of imposing colonnades (or double columns); B, walls, windows, window tops and eaves, etc., with fine carvings, to show the luxury of the momentum; C, the walls are made of stone, the fa?ade is often symmetrical. It has two forms: a flat or low-pitched roof; and a Mengmasha roof.

Editing the design style of the villa of the classical Renaissance traditional style

Georgian style

In the 18th century, the simple and austere style of the colonial period shifted to graceful and luxurious forms, both of which originated in England through the importation of skilled craftsmen and inspiration from books describing the architecture and furnishings of Queen Anne's and Georgian times. Ship's kings, merchants, some shopkeepers and mechanics, and landowners became wealthy enough to live a life similar to that of an English gentleman. In the southern colonies, especially Virginia and North and South Carolina, huge plantations were built (often by young men of prominent English families). With slave labor, plantation owners became wealthy. They favored homes that resembled the English "big house". Though no one ever reached the extremes of this original form.　The English cottage emphasized the decorative nature of the porch, and was more "front-loaded". The Georgian style, which was popular in the British colonies for a full century (18th century), was derived from the Italian Renaissance style as it was introduced to England, and is one of the most influential styles in the U.S. It adheres to the Classical principles of symmetry and harmony.　Built of brick or timber, American Georgian homes generally follow European Renaissance forms, using symmetrically laid out floor plans and richly ornamented detailing, including pediments, pilasters, and often Palladian windows. In a typical plan, the central hall is entered from the front door and crossed to the back door. In the hall, a beautiful staircase leads to the corresponding second floor hall. On either side of the foyer, one or two rooms are arranged as a living room and dining room, with bedrooms upstairs. Fireplaces and chimneys are arranged at the ends of the walls, and four-pitched roofs (sometimes with tiger windows) are more common than two-pitched roofs. Kitchens and servants' rooms were arranged in the wings, especially in the south, as an adjunct to the formal plan.　The interiors of Georgian houses are progressively more formal, with stuccoed walls or clapboard finishes, wooden skirting boards, lineal footings, classical detailing around fireplace frames, and door and window cornice trim.　Its architectural features are: A. The front fa?ade often has a classical porch; B. The porch gable has an arrangement of rectangular motifs under the eaves, an arrangement of rectangular motifs under the eave, and dentils on the eaves; C. The windows are paired at the top and bottom and divided into many small grids, and usually the windows are also in five columns for central symmetry; D. The front door often has rectangular carvings that form the arrangement of motifs, and the door beams have a vertically aligned pattern of rectangular patterns.　It is found in five forms: a) side-hill wall; b) double-folded roof; c) four-pitch roof; d) central hill wall; and e) town house.

Adam Style

The Adam style is a development and refinement of the Georgian style, which was extremely popular in the northeastern United States, and which drew on the work of the Adam brothers. Compared to the Georgian style, the eaves dentils are lengthened, a semicircular or oval air window is added above the front door, and the wall windows have decorative window trim. The rest of the features and forms are almost identical to the Georgian style.

Italian style

Italian style and Gothic style as popular in Britain for nearly 200 years after the introduction of the United States, this type of style emphasizes the unique beauty of the arches, in Florence and Rome and other places were popular for a while. Because of the high cost of this type of villa, to the economic depression and shrinkage. A few years after the economic recovery, and for another newer style - Queen Anne style instead of Italian style.　Its distinctive features are: A, four-square tower, low-slope four-slope roof, mostly two to three floors; B, slender windows with arched decorative lintels (inverted U-shaped); C, wide and long eaves are equally arranged under the decorative brackets; D, the door has many carvings, the door frame carvings also show the complexity of the carvings.　It has six forms: a) simple four-pitched roof; b) four-pitched roof; c) with a central buttress; d) with a tower; e) buttress on the front fa?ade; f) flat roof (in the city).

Italian Renaissance

In the last decade of the 19th century, a large number of American architects went to Italy to visit and study, brought back the first-hand information about the design of villas in the Italian Renaissance style, because of this style and the United States at that time the popular Queen Anne style happens to form a strong contrast, coupled with its appearance of stately, handsome, and therefore quickly prevailed. The most popular period of this villa in the United States is on the eve of the First World War.　Its architectural features: A, low-pitched four-pitched roofs, sometimes flat, with shingles usually made of ceramic; B, wide and long eaves with evenly spaced decorative bays; C, carefully separated windows, often arched air windows on the lower windows and front door, and small, simple second-story windows; D, imported porches often supported by small, classical columns; and E, elevations that are often symmetrical.　It has four forms: a) simple four-pitched roof; b) four-pitched roof with flanking wings; c) asymmetrical molding; d) flat roof.

French Second Empire style

(French Second Empire) French architecture has always emphasized the beauty of the roof, enjoying the reputation of the "first roof". At the time of the Italian style and Gothic style retro mood is just the opposite of the French Second Empire style is very fashionable, which originated in Paris during the reign of Napoleon III architectural style, through the United Kingdom into the United States, initially as the main form of public **** building, and then gradually adopted in the garden house.　Its architectural features: A, tall and prominent chevron roof - Mansard roof (Mansard); B, its side roof (flat and curved two kinds) with a number of slotted windows, won a lot of living space; C, the eaves of the decorations and the Italian style is similar to the D, chevron roof of the upper and lower friezes are like small steps like the D. The top and bottom friezes of the chevron roof have long decorative bands like small steps.　It has five forms: simple Mensa roof; central pediment or main wing; asymmetrical; with towers; and town-house style.

French Eclectic

(FrenchEclectic) In World War I, there were many Americans serving in France, intuitive understanding of French villas, coupled with the dual influence of the chateau style and the academy style at the time, after the war, began to build in the United States in the villas between the two --- eclectic style. -Eclectic style.　Its characteristics are: A, more simple decorative, triangular roof high and steep, and sometimes also has a mountain wall; B, eaves and wall contact decorative only a step; C, brick wall structure or painted exterior wall layer, and sometimes with the wall outside the arrangement of decorative techniques; D, window edges and so on, only some of the stone decorations.　It has three forms: symmetrical; asymmetrical; with towers.

Colonial Revival

(Colonial Revival) This is a cross-century style, by the American master builder Mckim (Mckim) rise, although other styles also have an impact on it, but it basically maintains the Georgian and Adam style (the British tradition), due to the absorption of the Queen Anne style and the asymmetrical (such as a Singer window, plus a Fort Anne, etc.). a Queen Anne's Louvre, etc.). After the Second World War, this style was gradually simplified due to changes in fashion. Compared with the Adam Style, the low level windows evolved into a pair of left and right, the large porch was lengthened in depth, and an inlet was formed by adding a crown top, while the rest of the features were close to the Adam Style.　It is characterized by: a) asymmetry; b) four-sloped roof with full-width porch; c) four-sloped roof; d) lateral buttresses; central buttresses; e) double-folded, thin-line roof; and g) second-story extensions (Garry Woods style)

American Style

(American Colonial Revivai) The American Style is rooted in the dwellings of various parts of the continent of the Americas during the colonial period (British, French, German, Italian, Italianate and French). (England, France, Germany, Italy, Holland, Spain) creative play and gradually formed, consuming more building materials. After the establishment of the national railroad network, more building materials were used. With the establishment of the national railroad network, it became possible to build these houses on a large scale because of the ease of transportation of building materials. After more than 200 years of revival and development, this style gradually stabilized the following and became the main form of American villas.　Currently there are four basic types: Type A, the front facade double wall (also known as Shotgugun); Type B, L form; Type C, I form (including CAPE Cod and Saltbox form); Type D, four sloping roof type.

Dutch style

(Dutch) Dutch style includes colonial style and colonial revival style, it has two obvious characteristics: A, double folding line roof; B, side wall along the street face to open a number of sliding windows. Dutch colonial, revival style is rooted in the 1880 revival period of the architectural style, drawing on the architectural characteristics of the Singer style, showing symmetry (L form), the roof sometimes open a huge Singer window, see Figure 13. Dutch style building layout Dutch, ventilation and good lighting.

Spanish style

(Hispanic) Spanish style is the colonial style, mission style, eclectic style and Monterey style, etc., also includes in South America had prevailed in the Spanish national style, it is the United States of America's southwestern along the Mexican border and the coast of California and gradually advanced to the United States. Compared with other Western European architectural style, its style is more unique, which mission style often have more curved independent wall, columns supporting the porch also has arc decoration. Colonial and Monterey styles often have a continuous row of porches on the second floor, while the Eclectic style, is less decorative than the Mission style.　Its basic features are: A. Roofs are mostly covered with red porcelain tiles; B. Eaves extend outward toward the sides, and there are courtyards inside the house; C. Porches and windows tend to show arches.

Editing the design style of the villa Medieval traditional style

Introduction

Medieval refers to the period of 1000 years from the 5th century AD to the 15th century before the Renaissance. During this period, buildings such as churches and monasteries were commonly built throughout Europe, and the main styles were often Gothic and Romanesque, and under the guidance of this style system, many styles were derived, such as the Stygian style and the Tudor style. All of these styles **** the same point is heavy form, light function, decorative, space layout is outdated, all of which are influenced by the results of religious rule.

British residential style

This type of villa was first built by the British in the richest areas of the east coast of the United States, most of the wooden structure, can be preserved so far has a history of about 300 years, it is monotonous appearance.　Its architectural features are: A. Steep side triangular roofs with virtually undecorated eaves; B. Wood paneled gates, sash-grid windows, and conspicuously refined large chimneys.　It is available in two forms: a) two-story wood house with a central chimney (north); and b) two-story brick house with flanking chimneys (south).

German style

The most representative styles of German residential architecture in terms of villas are to be found in the German (Fachwerk-bau) and Castle styles (of which many prototypes still remain in various parts of Germany). Castle style can be categorized into the old castle style to discuss. German style is developed from the basis of medieval German folk dwellings, close to the British Tudor style, the difference is that almost every facade has obvious decorations, commonly known as "bandage" type of building, is the main form of Germanic peoples' homes.

French Colonial Style

The initial impact of the French Villa style on the United States began with the popularity of the French Colonial style in the central states.　It is characterized by: A. Tall, steeply pitched de four-pitch roofs or side-hill wall roofs, and cottages are often one-story.　B. Slender and long doors and windows, both of which are lined with de small grids along the vertical, arranged in pairs.　It comes in two forms: a) urban traditional b) country traditional where the country traditional is supported by a series of columns around the perimeter to form an enclosed porch, giving the occupants a 360° panoramic view, but the most prominent has to be the porch's imported staircase, which was the prototype for the later design of royal villa porches across Europe.

Gothic style

Gothic style originated in the construction of French churches, such as Notre Dame in Paris is an outstanding representative of the Gothic style. Later, the United States first adopted the Gothic Revival style in villa design in 1832, followed by the publication of design books about the style of the villa, only to make this type of style for the villa design adopted. Like the British parliament building also belongs to the gothic revival style. The Gothic style emphasizes the sense of vertical elevation. Its distinctive characteristics are: A. The central hill wall intersects with the steeply pitched roofs of the side walls, and the eave-sides of the hill wall 3 are elaborately ornamented; B. The walls of the front fa?ade extend directly into the central wall without interruption; C. The mullions of the windows are in the form of pointed coupons; and D. The one-story or full-floor porches are supported by dexterous Gothic columns.　It has six forms: a) central buttress b) pair of buttresses c) front fa?ade buttress d) asymmetrical e) castellated f) brick wall with contrasting colors.

Castle style

The Castle style originated in France in the 16th century castle architecture, the early Gothic style and Renaissance decorative techniques into one. American architect Hunt (Hunt) studied from France and then designed the first Chateau style villa in the United States in 1895. Because most of the Chateau villas are made of stone and the detailed decoration is extremely expensive, therefore, the number is not large.　Its architectural features are: A, a high and steep four-pitched roof, with several tiger windows on the roof of the front fa?ade and extending along the outside of the wall; B, fine Gothic ornamentation on the tiger windows, on the chimneys, and on the side walls, which often rise vertically to the heavens; and C, a stone wall, and usually an antique tower, which looks very mysterious.　It has five forms: a), a four-sloped top as two ramparts intersecting; b), a side rampart top; c), a front rampart top; d), two ramparts intersecting; and e), a double-folded top.

Stick Style

The Stick style was a transition between the Gothic Revival style and the Queen Anne style, which emphasized the overall decorative nature of the wall rather than limiting detailing to places such as doors and windows or eaves. This style was prevalent in 1878 and was so beautifully styled that it was nicknamed "Queen Anne of the Woods" (Figure 20).　It is characterized by: A. A steeply pitched pediment on the front fa?ade, intersected by triangular pediments on the sides, with decorative wood framing on the pediments; B. Sloping wood slats outside the eaves and on the entrance porch; and C. Exterior walls, often clapboarded, with wood slats inlaid horizontally and vertically.　It is found in two forms a) the front fa?ade shambles; and b) the town house.

Queen Anne style

(Queen Anne) was popularized by the British architect Shaw, but the name of the style has little to do with the reign of Queen Anne. 1847 the first American Queen Anne style cottage greenhouse in Rhode Island, due to the style of unique, coupled with the establishment of the railroad network and the development of printing technology, this style has been popularized throughout the United States. The style was popularized throughout the United States. This style of building, sometimes complete with a tower, is an outdoor paradise. Its spatial combinations are as complex as the Romanesque style, and form the classical, asymmetrical Colonial Revival and the heyday of Queen Anne style and other genres, its simplified form is called the Victorian.　Its architectural features are: A. Irregular steep roofs (L-hill walls intersecting a four-pitched roof); B. Partial or full-partial asymmetrical enclosure on the ground floor, usually one story high, spread along one or both sides of the wall; C. Enclosure supported by slender columns.　It has four forms: a) a four-sloped roof enclosing two ramparts orthogonal to each other; b) two intersecting ramparts topped by a wall; c) a front fa?ade rampart; and d) an urban dwelling.

Singer Style

This type of cottage is more numerous in the northeastern United States, mostly built between 1880 and 1900, and is well preserved today.　It is rooted in three main styles: A. Queen Anne style with its long, wide porch and asymmetrical arrangement B. Colonial Revival style with its bi-fold roofs, classical capitals and Palatine "windows" C. Romanesque style with its asymmetrical and sculptural forms Some scholars have argued that the Villa Zinga is a wooden version of the Villa Romana. The most striking features of the style are; a) the front facade of the steep wall (and another wall orthogonal) and the long porch; b) multi-level eaves; c) the wall at the corner of the continuous transition, the wall and the continuous transition of the eaves.

Roman style

This style by the rise in the 1870s, and then popular German French Second Empire style and Queen Anne style *** with the world, the whole villa is asymmetrical, emphasizing the architecture of the sculpture of the United States, the villa is expensive, but the whole momentum looks very rustic and charming.　Its characteristics are: A, usually made of stone masonry, rough texture B, generally have towers to match, windows and doors and porches are decorated with rounded arches.　Its basic form is a four-sloped roof intersected by two mountain walls.

Tudor style

Tudor style is a mixture of post-Medieval English style and Renaissance style, the most popular at the beginning of this century, its "pedigree" is British, and thus can see the influence of many other British style of architecture, such as Queen Anne style Stick style. The whole villa is very rich in decorative interest and field interest.　Its architectural features are A. Steep side-hill walls orthogonal to the steeply pitched roofs of one or more other front elevations; B. Tall brick chimneys topped with a number of small cylinders for chimney crowns; C. Tall, narrow windows, with glazing divided into groups, and arched doorways; and D. Most noticeably, slender decorative strips wrapping the main fa?ade.　It comes in six forms: a) brushed cement walls; b) brick wall wraps; c) wood wall wraps; d) false straw roof wraps; and e) with daughter walls.