On "Three Steps" and "Five Steps" Classroom Teaching Methods

How to implement the new curriculum reform and establish an efficient classroom in middle schools can be said that different people have different opinions. The author believes that it is particularly important to implement "qualitative" learning methods. The new curriculum standard "focusing on cultivating students' subject knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values" has been implemented, but the teaching method of full-house irrigation is still popular, and it is urgent to reform and explore classroom teaching methods. Through a semester's practice, our school has gradually formed a "three-step" and "five-step" circulating classroom teaching method with close cooperation between teachers and students. Facts have proved that this method is very helpful to improve classroom efficiency and students' quality. Tell me about my shallow understanding and experience.

First, the theoretical basis of "three steps and five paragraphs" classroom teaching method-constructivism theory

Constructivism theory rose in the mid-1980s. She is a huge ideological system. It accepted many reasonable viewpoints of learning theory and put forward its own view of situational teaching. It holds that the learning environment consists of four elements: situation, cooperation, dialogue and meaning construction. Emphasize that students learn by doing. In other words, once the teaching goal is established, there must always be something for children to do. Teachers should fully mobilize students' various sensory organs, encourage students to use their mouths, hands and brains, learn in activities and solve problems, and give full play to students' main role. In traditional teaching, teachers usually teach the concepts and principles to be learned first, and then ask students to do some exercises and try to answer related exercises. Only when they learn first can they do it and solve related problems.

The modern teaching idea advocated by constructivism is to design teaching with the opposite idea. Encourage students to do it first and learn while doing it. Because in the process of students' doing, students should comprehensively use the original knowledge and experience, and may even consult relevant materials, so as to make reasonable synthesis and inference, analyze and explain the current problems, and form their own assumptions and solutions (for example, students preview notes before writing classes is this process). In this process, students can construct corresponding knowledge and experience. On this basis, the teacher refines and generalizes to make the knowledge constructed by learners clearer and more systematic. This theory emphasizes that knowledge is a "student-centered" meaning construction, rather than a "teacher-centered" transmission. In the "three-step" and "five-step" circular instruction classes in our school, the student-oriented concept is fully demonstrated.

Second, the "trilogy" and "pentalogy" the basic link of classroom teaching methods

Three steps: before class, during class and after class.

Five paragraphs: reaffirmation of goals, feedback and display of learning situation, strengthening guidance, examination summary and preview arrangement.

Before class:

Teachers' work:

(1) form a preliminary "tutoring plan" on the basis of collective lesson preparation;

(2) Design the interactive scheme between teachers and students and students in the teaching process;

(3) collect and review some students' guidance plans (understand the learning situation and summarize the problems)

Student assignments:

Solve the problems of Grade A and Grade B in the tutoring plan through preview, and form a preliminary confusion between Grade C and Grade D, thus bringing them into the classroom.

In class:

Implement student-student interaction and teacher-student interaction according to the five-stage teaching model, so that everyone can become a communicator. (1) Reaffirm the goal; ② Summarize the feedback questions before class, discuss them in groups, and then show them to the students. Teachers who students can't solve can give lectures. ④ Test summary. ⑤ Preview arrangement for the next class.

After class:

Teachers' work:

After preparing lessons, design solutions to the problems that students are not clear about in this section, reflect on the application of the counseling plan, and form a "counseling plan resource" for archiving.

Student's homework: finish the homework and report the difficulties to the branch representative.

Basic principles: preview-oriented, student-oriented, full participation, presentation-oriented, classroom digestion and cohesion.

Strengthening standard: the teacher's concentrated teaching time should not exceed 15 minutes.

The soul of three-step and five-paragraph teaching method: one, two and three methods

One change is the change of the roles of teachers and students. Teachers should emancipate themselves from the traditional concept of "dignity of teaching as a teacher", correctly understand and handle the relationship with students, and position themselves as the guide of students' learning, the organizer and participant of students' learning activities, and the listener of students' opinions, so that students can become the real "protagonists" in the classroom; The two prepositions are questioning preposition and learning preposition; The three methods are autonomy, cooperation and inquiry.

In the whole model, the 35-minute demonstration in class is always regarded as "the key among the keys", the review of preview and learning effect, the "fruit" of efficient classroom and the engine that drives students to preview efficiently after class. Specifically, it has the following characteristics:

(1) The teacher divided the work for each study group according to the summarized questions, and asked each group to show it (on the blackboard or by projection). During the exhibition, students in each group should help each other, complement each other and show team spirit, and each group should compete and encourage each other. Each group chooses a "speaker", usually a student with weak academic ability. Once there are mistakes or even imprecise expressions, they will be caught by other groups, and members of this group can stand up and help their "spokespersons" to correct and supplement them.

Teachers should be good directors, be good at inspiring and guiding students, pay full attention to and standardize the students who give lectures, supplement, question and listen to lectures, supplement and explain poorly, guide and deviate from the theme, mobilize and motivate students, and let them actively participate, think positively, experience and gain. It is necessary to evaluate individuals and groups in time, create a harmonious atmosphere and create a competitive environment. In other words, as a teacher, the two most important things in class are "point" and "control". The teacher doesn't talk much, but he must give instructions in place. A teacher made an image metaphor. In the past, the classroom was a teacher's "stand-up comedy", but now it is "three sentences and a half". Students say three sentences, and the teacher says half of the "ideas"! In addition, we should do a good job of "control", control the progress of classroom time, control students not to deviate from the theme when explaining, and control the overall classroom atmosphere! The key to ensure the wonderful display in class lies in the preparation of the teacher's tutoring plan and the students' preview before class. Tutoring plan is a learning plan that guides students to study independently, participate actively and explore cooperatively. It is the road map, steering wheel and compass of students' learning, and it is the general starting point of classroom teaching. The quality of the tutoring plan directly affects all aspects of teaching and students' learning interest, learning habits and learning ability, which is of great significance.

4. Tutoring plan is the carrier of three-step and five-segment classroom teaching;

The key to give full play to students' main role is the tutoring plan. Tutorial system is a learning plan that guides students to study independently, actively participate and explore cooperatively. It's a road map, steering wheel and compass. The quality of tutoring plan directly affects students' autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning after class, and ultimately affects whether the classroom is efficient or not. In our circular tutorial class, "tutorial case" has become the key to whether the students' subjectivity can be played efficiently and whether the classroom can be really efficient. "Guidance" is the purpose and the key, and preview materials must have the function of guiding learning and breaking through problems. "Learning" should be based on helping students learn conveniently. Tutoring plan is essentially different from "homework" and "examination paper" Each tutorial is generated three times. The first time is when the teacher prepares lessons before class. Generally, everyone prepares lessons every week, and the first draft is set when preparing lessons collectively. The second time was in the classroom, which was caused by the collision between teachers and students; The third time is that teachers should prepare "after-school lessons" after class, which can be produced through classroom reflection. In this way, the guidance cases generated three times will be kept as resources in the "guidance case room" of the school. The tutorial case has realized the transformation from the teacher to the student, to the teacher to the student, and the student to the teacher.

Five, three-step and five-paragraph teaching method and the spirit of new curriculum reform

If we enlarge our eyes, we will find that the "three steps and five segments" teaching method is the right medicine for the traditional teaching mode that has caused many educational difficulties for a long time. The teaching method of "three steps and five paragraphs" fully conforms to the spirit of the new curriculum reform. The spirit of "new curriculum reform" is mainly manifested in its teaching concept: open classroom, democratic and equal teacher-student relationship; Classroom teaching is student-oriented and student-centered; Autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning; The cultivation of students' innovative spirit and so on. The teaching method of "three steps and five paragraphs" fully embodies the requirements of the new curriculum reform.

First of all, the three-step and five-paragraph teaching method advocates respecting the subject and facing the whole. We emphasize that students are the protagonists of the classroom and teachers are the directors of the classroom. From the beginning of preparing lessons, preparing lessons is student-centered and student-centered. On the classroom stage, the teacher is always the director. "Leading" means that the teacher has changed from the "leading role" on the field to the "guidance" off the field. "The teacher's teaching is not entirely a reward, but a camera induction." (Ye Shengtao) In the classroom, teachers mainly grasp the word "guidance", that is, in the classroom, teachers are no longer just people who pass information, but promoters of the interaction between subject and object. Teachers talk less, direct indoctrination decreases or even disappears, but teachers' inspiring and guiding functions, pre-work and organization work are enhanced, guiding students to read, think and ask questions; By organizing students to collect materials, initiate discussions and debates, brainstorm and solve problems. The classroom is always based on giving full play to students' learning initiative. The teacher's role is to induce students to think, and only give guidance when students are "angry" and "embarrassed". To advocate students' subjectivity, we should give students the initiative to ask questions, let them participate in the discussion process and respect the results of students' discussion. Teachers integrate students in the classroom, so that students can fully communicate and cooperate. The blackboard belongs to the students; The podium is for students, and even the whole explanation process is for students; The initial right to learn knowledge belongs to students; The right to find problems belongs to students. Give students the right to learn, let them find problems, let them find methods, let them experiment and let them sum up problems. Teachers will never replace what students can do by themselves. Students use their own views to understand and explain textbooks and learn from collision debates. Teachers really return the classroom to students, the methods and processes of learning and thinking, and the time and space of exploration and practice to students, so that students can be completely liberated and truly become the masters of learning. "Let students know that learning is their own business, and the classroom turns one person's enthusiasm into the enthusiasm of dozens of people."

Secondly, the three-step and five-step teaching method is conducive to improving students' comprehensive quality and innovative spirit and laying the foundation for their lifelong development. In the teaching process, let students give lectures on the platform on the basis of preview. The purpose is to let them show their personality and elegant demeanor, firmly grasp the knowledge and spoken language they have learned, and cultivate their language expression ability and good psychological quality. There are many obstacles to overcome in this way: most students have never spoken in front of many people. Although all the people sitting below are familiar faces, many students are embarrassed because they need to overcome their nervousness and fear due to lack of exercise; Some students can't grasp the key points. Generally speaking, speaking slowly is a class. If you don't leave supplementary time for the teacher, the students will say it is a delay. There are other students who don't speak thoroughly and interestingly, so they can't lift their spirits, so their listening state is not good, and so on. In order to improve students' understanding, we said, "It is in the long-term interest for you to give lectures on the platform. No matter what career you take in the future, you have to go through the stage of speaking in front of people (especially in front of many people). Even after graduating from college, you should find a job and "sell" yourself. By then, it will be too late for you to learn and practice now. If you have good language skills and psychological quality, it will be your life's wealth. " At the same time, it is also a kind of creation and innovation for students to reprocess teaching materials according to their existing knowledge and experience. Of course, this teaching method means that students need to spend a lot of time and energy. But it is a process that a person must go through in learning, survival, growth, development and creation, and it is also an inherent requirement for the development of a person's ability and wisdom, which is of great significance in the long run. Because today's learning style is tomorrow's lifestyle and lifestyle.