What are the advantages and disadvantages of traditional yak grazing system and house feeding system?

1) Traditional grazing system in pure pastoral areas The grazing system in pure pastoral areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is generally the grazing system of grassland utilization in three seasons and four seasons. The grassland in spring and autumn is the same grassland. Enter the spring grassland from mid-May to early July every year for 45-50 days, during which the whole herd, insect repellent bath, shearing and castration, vaccination and other work are completed. From early July to late September, the grazing time of grassland in summer is 80 ~ 90 days, during which the main tasks are fattening and milking. From the end of September to the end of 10, the grazing time is 40 ~ 45 days, during which the pre-wintering work such as herding, slaughtering, disease prevention and insect repellent, and grass storage in winter is completed. From the end of 10 to the middle of May of the following year, the grazing time is as long as 180 ~ 200 days. Under this grazing system, grazing in spring and autumn encountered two grassland crisis periods, which led to grassland degradation. However, long-term utilization of grassland in winter often leads to overgrazing and grassland degradation.

2) Traditional grazing system in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas The grassland area in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas is small, with pure grazing in warm season and semi-grazing and semi-house feeding in cold season. Grassland basically has no time to recuperate all year round, which also causes grassland degradation. Yak repeats the cycle of "full in summer, fat in autumn, thin in winter and dead in spring" year after year, resulting in the situation that animal products are recovered, which makes animal husbandry always wander at a low level.

(2) House feeding system

1) The grassland grazing-house feeding utilization system in pure pastoral areas is completely different from the traditional grazing system. Spring and autumn pastures in pure pastoral areas are cancelled and merged into cold-season pastures, and there are only warm-season pastures and cold-season pastures all year round. Warm season grassland refers to the hillside grassland with high altitude and remote location, that is, the original summer grassland. Rotational grazing in different regions is started at the beginning of July every year and ends at 10. The utilization time is 80 ~ 90 days, and the utilization rate of grassland does not exceed 60%. 165438+ 10 moved back in early October. Yaks were strictly identified and clustered within a few days before moving, fattened yaks that reached the fattening standard were slaughtered, and those that failed to meet the standard or needed to be eliminated were fattened by supplementary feeding, leaving only breeding yaks and reserve yaks. In the cold season, the grassland is divided into small areas for rotational grazing. Grassland utilization rate of rotational grazing community should be controlled within 60%. In March, supplementary feeding was started for female yaks, and whole house feeding was carried out at the end of April or early May to the end of June. In early July, rotational grazing will be implemented in the community to complete the whole regiment and prevent diseases. After the first ten days of July, it will move into the warm season grassland. This grazing system expands the grassland area in cold season, which makes rotational grazing in different regions have more turnover space and avoids two crisis periods of pasture growth. In the Spring Festival, ensure that grass can make full use of light for photosynthesis, so that grass can grow rapidly. Autumn, on the one hand, can make grass seeds mature and ensure the self-renewal of grass, on the other hand, there are sufficient nutrients transported to the roots to ensure the material basis for grass germination in the next year. The implementation of this grazing system can restore the natural grassland vegetation, the fat loss of adult yaks in winter will not exceed 15%, and the survival rate of calves will be greatly improved.

2) The utilization system of pasture in semi-pastoral areas. Except for forest grassland and shrub grassland with water conservation function, the rest grasslands are grazing in warm season, and rotational grazing is implemented from late June to the end of September every year. At the beginning of June, 10, fattening yaks were sold, and then frame cattle were purchased for stubble grazing and supplementary feeding. At the end of June 12, the whole house was fattened and sold in batches according to market demand until the end of June. This can not only ensure the rational use of pasture, but also make use of the advantages of forage in agricultural areas and the price advantage of balanced supply in livestock products market for commodity production. This new grazing system in semi-pastoral areas must meet four basic conditions: first, there is sufficient storage of high-quality hay or silage, and each sheep unit needs to store hay 150 kg every year; Having a grass storage shed matched with the stored grass; There must be shed facilities and supporting forage rack and trough facilities; The grassland in cold season must be fenced for grazing in designated areas in turn.