Which nationality's musical instrument is Paixiao?

Question 1: Reveal the secret: Which nationality's musical instrument is Paixiao? Is it from a high school music book?

If so, the answer is this:

Violin, cello, guitar, bagpipes, trumpet

Harp, flute, (I don't know), saxophone, Kamanga.

Question 2: Paixiao is one of the oldest musical instruments in which of the following countries? Europe, Scotland and Argentina should belong to our country, right?

pan pipes

Blow a hole to make the instrument sound. Wind instruments popular in China, Europe and Latin America. Its structure is composed of bamboo, wood or copper pipes with different lengths according to the scale. Different countries have different histories, similar performances and different shapes. The wooden flute is mellow and soft, and the bamboo flute is sonorous.

China paixiao was called Lai, Xiao, Feng Xiao and Zhu Bi in ancient times. Xiao is recorded in Shangshu, Zhou Li and The Book of Songs. According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "Xiao, the wind and music are uneven, like the wings of a phoenix. From bamboo, Su Sheng. " Paixiao is usually made of bamboo, tied with rope or bamboo, or inlaid with a wooden frame. Some flutes are made of stone. There are many shapes of paixiao in the past dynasties, including 23 pipes (22 pipes at a time), which are called characters; Small flute 16 tube; A bottomless person is called a cave flute. There are also 10, 13, 17, 18, 2 1, and 24 pipes with different specifications. 1978 The stone flute unearthed from TombNo. Xia Qi 1 in Xichuan, Henan Province, is15cm long and 8.3cm wide. It has 13 tubes, and the wall thickness is generally 0. 1 cm. Paixiao has been used in palaces, teaching workshops and some military music for generations, and it is widely circulated among the people. It was introduced to Japan in the Tang Dynasty. In Masakura Hospital, there are still two Tang Chuan 16 tubes, bamboo and flute remnants. In recent years, China has developed the lost flute and reformed it into a double-row flute with 50 pipes, which are arranged according to the law of twelve averages.

European Paixiao, also known as Pan Paixiao, is the oldest and most popular musical instrument in Europe. The flutes have different shapes, or they are arranged in a trapezoidal shape according to the length of the pipes, or they are arranged on both sides to form wings; Or the inside of the pipe is sealed with wax, and an equal-length line is formed outside, just like playing a harmonica. British puppet shows still use this accompaniment. Paixiao is also the main folk musical instrument in Hungary and Romania, with more than 20 kinds of wind instruments called "Nai". This kind of flute is used by Pappug Naude in Romanian folk music Lark and W.A. Mozart's opera Magic Flute.

Paixiao in Latin America is very popular among Indians in South America, with various shapes, especially in the Andean Plateau. In ancient times, the Incas used wood, stone, clay or metal, but in modern times, bamboo and reeds are used as pipes. There are single and double rows. Its tone generally adopts five tones, and a few areas also use seven tones. Peru calls Paixiao "antara". Ecuador is called "Long Da Dole" and Bolivia is called "Siku". The pipes of the two rows of flutes are the same length, so the player can make the sound of the second row of flutes 8 degrees higher by blowing the residual air after 1 discharging the flutes. The uniqueness of Bolivia Siku is that an instrument can only play three-degree intervals; Therefore, playing any piece of music requires two players to play a pair of flutes at the same time. There is also a bass Xiku in Bolivia, with a length of 1.2 ~ 2 meters, which has a rich and generous pronunciation and is very distinctive. Paixiao is good at playing gorgeous scale-like sentences, and it can make a pleasant trill with a slight shake of the hand. In addition, you can also use different blowing angles to blow out three-degree intervals in the tube.

The flute is beautiful. I don't think she has national boundaries.

The history of flute playing

Paixiao is an ancient wind instrument.

It played an important role in the advocacy of Han Dynasty and the music of Sui and Tang Dynasties.

It is the predecessor of later flute performance. In the Zhou Dynasty, both Xiao and Hu were mentioned by poets and included in the Book of Songs. In the eight-tone classification of ancient musical instruments, flutes are classified as bamboo musical instruments.

In the Yu Shun era, there was a kind of music and dance called "Xiao Shao", which was mainly played with a flute. In ancient times, the paixiao, like the chime, was a very popular musical instrument. During the nearly thousand years from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, Paixiao was widely circulated among the people and played a very important role in advocating the Han Dynasty.

Paixiao played an important role in the court music in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In particular, Le Qing, Xiliang, Koryo, Qiuci, Shule and Anguo were used in 90 pieces of music in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Paixiao has been passed down through the ages, with different shapes and distinctive names, such as,,, Shun Xiao, Yu, Lai,. Besides, Paixiao is also called "uneven", "phoenix wing", "short flute", "Xiao Yun" and "Qin Xiao".

During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, China's flute was introduced to Japan. Up to now, there are still two flute-playing relics from the Tang Dynasty in the Masakura Courtyard of Toda Temple in Nara, the ancient capital of Japan, but they were called "bamboo-drying method" in the sacrifice account of Toda Temple at that time. One is 12 pipe, rafter belt, 30.5 cm high; The other one has 7 tubes and is 23.5 cm high. They are both disabled ... >>

Question 3: What are these two national musical instruments? They were all played. The upper one looks like a flute, and the lower one should be a face.

Question 4: Introduction of Chinese musical instruments for flute playing. Up to now, the earliest paixiao in the world is the bone paixiao in the early Western Zhou Dynasty in China, 3000 years ago. Paixiao is to combine several sound pipes with the same material into a whole musical instrument by bonding, binding or fixing the frame. The inside of the sound tube is blocked with beeswax or cork. When playing, the airflow slides through the mouthpiece and hits the opposite inner pipe wall, and the airflow vibrates in the inner cavity of the sound pipe to produce music. Because the position of beeswax and cork is different, the vibration period of airflow in the sound tube is also different, so the airflow vibrates.

Question 5: What is the difference between flute playing and flute playing, especially in timbre?

It is an ancient plucked instrument with a long history in China. According to textual research, it has been circulated for more than two thousand years. In ancient times, cricket was not only used by court bands, but also widely spread among the people. During China's prosperous Tang Dynasty (6 18-907), with the rapid development of economy and culture, the art of piano performance reached a fairly high level, that is, during this period, China's ancient piano performance was first introduced to neighboring countries such as Japan and North Korea. There are still two Tang Dynasty relics in Liang Dong Temple. However, this ancient musical instrument has been out of fashion since the late14th century, so that it gradually disappeared. People can only see some beautiful patterns on the previous murals and reliefs.

Since 1950s, musicians and musical instrument makers in China have done a lot of research to make this instrument reappear on the stage. According to the characters recorded in ancient books and preserved in ancient murals, they designed and trial-produced several types of crickets, but these crickets have many shortcomings, so they have not been popularized and spread. In the early 1980s, a new type of e-e-e-e was developed. Its structure is relatively perfect and scientific, and its sound has national characteristics, so it is widely used in music practice.

There were horizontal baskets and vertical baskets in ancient China. The new goose-column basket was developed according to the basic modeling of ancient vertical baskets. The shape of the new type of wild goose column is similar to that of the western harp, but the difference is that it has two rows of strings with 36 strings in each row, and each string is supported by the herringbone string column on the * * * sound box. This string column looks like the formation of geese flying in the sky, so it is called the goose column.

Yanzhu's timbre is soft and clear, with a wide range and rich expressive force. You can play both ancient and modern folk music and harp music. Because the left and right strings are homophonic, which is equivalent to two harps. It has a lot of convenience in playing fast melody and overtone, and it can also play alto melody and accompaniment with the most beautiful timbre at the same time, which is incomparable to other instruments. In addition, Yanzhu also has its own uniqueness in playing techniques such as kneading strings, sliding strings and vibrato.

All right.

It is a folk musical instrument widely circulated among Koreans, and it is mainly popular in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province, China and other Korean-inhabited areas. "Fine hairpin" has a loud voice, a bright and vigorous tone, and has strong Korean characteristics.

The history of fine infant is very long, and its ancestor is ancient infant. The thin hairpin consists of a tube whistle and a tube body. The pipe whistle is 4 cm long and made of reed with hard skin removed. The tube body is made of thin bamboo tubes, with a total length of 20 to 25 cm and a diameter of about 1 cm. There are 7 sound holes on the front and a treble hole on the back.

Violin is played in the same way as most wind instruments. When playing, the player should erect a pipe with a whistle in his mouth, press the treble hole on the back and the three sound holes above the front with his left hand, and press the other four sound holes below the front with his right hand.

Fine Baba is divided into three categories: treble, alto and double Baba. The traditional violin can only play one mode. Later, the instrument maker opened a small hole with keys in the upper right corner of the sixth sound hole, which made the range of this instrument reach two and a half octaves and also had the function of tuning. The role of tenor is similar to that of tenor, except that tenor is an octave lower than tenor. Compared with the first two, the double-tube slim connects two high-pitched slims with the same size and pitch side by side, and each Slim tube is equipped with a whistle. When playing, you can play a single pipe and make one sound, or you can play two sounds at the same height, with two whistles in your mouth. In addition, the double-tube violin can also play chords of the third, fourth and fifth degrees, and the volume is much larger than that of the single-tube violin, with melodious and beautiful timbre and difficult playing skills.

flute

It is a wind instrument widely circulated in China. Because it is made of natural bamboo, it is also called "bamboo flute".

The flute is made of a bamboo tube with the inside cut off, and the tube body has a blowing hole, a membrane hole and six sound holes. The blowing hole is the first hole of the flute, and the air is blown in from this hole, which makes the air in the pipe vibrate and sound. The membrane hole is the second hole of the flute, which is specially used for sticking the membrane of the flute. The flute membrane is mostly reed membrane or bamboo membrane. When the flute membrane is vibrated by airflow, it will emit crisp and mellow music.

Although the flute is short and simple, it has a history of 7000 years. About 4500 years ago, the flute was changed from bone to bamboo. At the end of 1 BC, during the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the flute was called "transverse blowing", which was ... >; & gt

Question 6: What are the common national musical instruments in China, such as the bone flute unearthed in Hemudu, Zhejiang Province, the Jia Hu bone flute in Wuyang County, Henan Province (the earliest flute was about 8,000 years ago), the tomb unearthed in Yangshao Cultural Site in banpo village, Xi 'an, and the stone chimes and wooden embroidered drums unearthed in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan Province; Chime bells, chime bells, hanging drums, drum sets, imitation of ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐ ⒐. Representative musical instruments: Sheng, Lusheng, Paixiao, Hulusi, Guanzi, Bawu, Lian, Suona and Xiao. All musical instruments: Muye, paper, bamboo flute (Dong), snail flute (Zhuang), Zhaojun (Han), Tuliang (Jingpo), spouse, Er (Kazak), mouthpiece (Han), bark earthen pipe (Miao), (Nu), Xiao (Han) and Chiba. Duo (Kemu), Chi (Han), Lian (Han), Bei (Tibetan), Zhan Jian (Miao), Xiao (Miao), Dongdongkui (Tujia), Yida (Li), Lie (Li) and Cuo.

Plucked/stringed instruments

The plucked instruments in China are divided into horizontal and vertical types. Horizontal styles, such as: Zheng (guzheng and tuning Zheng), guqin, dulcimer and piano solo. Vertical, such as: Pipa, Ruan, Yueqin, Sanxian, Dongbula, Zamu Nie. Playing musical instruments is bright and crisp. There are two ways to play the right hand: fake nails and Paizi. The right hand skills are fully developed, such as bouncing, picking, rolling, turning, hooking, rubbing, buckling, rowing, brushing, dividing, patting, lifting and picking. The richness of right-hand skills also promotes the development of left-hand skills such as pressing, reading, kicking, hugging, twisting, pushing, hugging, squatting, standing and lifting. Most of the instruments played are rhythmic, except solo, but the aftertaste is very short, so you need to roll or turn long notes. Generally, the strength of plucked instruments does not change much. In the band, except guqin, other instruments have strong sound penetration. In addition to single stringed instruments, plucked instruments mostly divide the pitch by code (or column), and vertically divide the pitch by phase and quality, which can be divided into two types: no phase and no quality. Generally speaking, it is easy to tune except the common zither arranged in five tones. All kinds of playing instruments have a good effect on the playing of overtones. Besides piano solo, you can play two notes, * * *, pipa and interval jump. China's musical instrument playing styles are varied, and the names and symbols of playing techniques are not consistent. Representative musical instruments: pipa, Zheng, dulcimer, lyre (guqin), Rewap, Dongbula, Ruan, Sanxian, Yueqin and piano. All musical instruments: Metal Kouxian (Miao) (Kirgiz), Bamboo Kouxian (Yi), (Gaoshan), Pipa (Han), Ruan (Han), Yueqin (Han), (Han), Sanxian (Han) and Rewafu (* * *). percussion instrument

China has a wide variety of national percussion instruments, rich skills and distinctive national style. According to different pronunciations, it can be divided into: 1 and gong, such as big gong, small gong, cloud gong, cymbals and bells. 2, ringing wood, such as: board, bangzi, wooden fish, etc. 3. Leather, such as drums, drums, drums, elephant feet drums, etc. China's percussion music is not only a rhythmic instrument, but each percussion group can play independently, which plays an important role in setting off music content, drama plot and increasing musical expression. Western orchestras in China often use national percussion instruments. National percussion music can be divided into fixed pitch and non-fixed pitch. There is no fixed pitch, such as drum, gong, cymbal, board, bang, bell, etc. Have a fixed pitch, such as drums, drums, cymbals, etc. Typical musical instruments: Tanggu (Drum), Ding Rinrin, Cylindrical Drum, Fixed Tone Cylindrical Drum, Bronze Drum, Korean Long Drum, ...

Question 7: It is difficult for us to investigate when the history of flute playing originated. Archaeologists have provided us with such a speculation: about 7000 years ago, one day, some primitive Han people passed through the bamboo forest and found a half bamboo broken by the wind, swaying in the wind and making a beautiful sound. One of them cut a bamboo tube, held it in his hand, covered the bottom of the bamboo tube with the other hand, and then played the Zhu Zhi tube, which made wonderful music. At this time, others have taken action. They cut out bamboo tubes with different lengths and thicknesses to make independent pipes. This is the earliest "single pipe flute". It is not easy to play this kind of flute. Each player holds an independent sound tube and arranges it in a certain order. They must play according to the conductor's instructions. Of course, everyone can only play a fixed sound. Later, it was found that if these pipes were arranged and tied together, an independent musical instrument could be formed, and a person could play a complete tune independently, resulting in a flute with practical value. Paixiao is a musical instrument invented and used by Han nationality, which can be said to be a traditional musical instrument in the new period. Judging from the cultural relics unearthed in China, Paixiao should be a national musical instrument. In the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, China, there is a mural of a "musician Buddha" with his hands folded and a flute in his forehand. Historically, it has many names, such as uneven, cloud flute, phoenix flute and so on. It is also called Xiao, but in the Yuan Dynasty, it was officially named Paixiao because it was different from a single pipe flute (Kong Di). The number of pipes varies with the sound of the flute. The ancient flute was composed of 10 to 24 pipes. Up to now, the earliest paixiao in the world is the bone paixiao in the early Western Zhou Dynasty in China, which is 3000 years ago. This flute flute is made of 13 bird leg bones with decreasing length, with the longest tube being 32.7 and the shortest tube being 1 1.8 cm. This flute was unearthed from Changzikou Tomb of Taiqing Palace in Luyi County on 1997. When unearthed, the pipe body had ligature marks. This flute is now in the Henan Provincial Museum. The earliest stone flute was unearthed in Chu Tomb No.1 in Sixia, Xichuan, Henan. It was carved from a whole limestone, and the *** 13 pipe was 2500 years ago. Judging from the binding and carving of its waist, it is an imitation bamboo flute. The first two flutes were unearthed in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the Warring States Period, more than 2,400 years ago. They are unique in shape, like the wings of a phoenix. They are all made up of 65,438+03 thin bamboo tubes with different lengths, which are tied with three cut thin bamboo tubes, and their surfaces are decorated with lacquer paintings with red triangle patterns on a black background. In ancient times, men's and women's paixiao often played together, which set each other off as well as men's and women's duets. Two flutes left by China in the Tang Dynasty are still preserved in the Zhengcang Courtyard of Todaiji Temple in Nara, the ancient Japanese capital. At that time, it was called "Ganzhu method" in "Dongda Temple Gift Account". One is 12 pipe, rafter belt, 30.5 cm high; The other one has 7 tubes and is 23.5 cm high. Both of them are broken, and the old pipe is stuffed with paper to facilitate adjustment. After repair and restoration, its shape is very strange. In Beijing China Conservatory of Music, there is a flute made by Longshi (1736- 1795) with *** 16 pipes, and each pipe is engraved with a sound name. Exquisite workmanship and beautiful shape. There are also two golden dragons painted on the shelf of this system, which are rich in national style. 198 1, Jilin Opera House independently developed double-row flutes with keys. This kind of flute has a wide range, which can play melodious and soothing music as well as lively and light music. The Book of Songs? Zhou Wei? Youyou: "The flute is singing harmoniously with hands raised, growling and biting. The ancestors listened. " "Two ya? Music interpretation: "The big flute is the word, and the small flute is the R" Don? Du You's universal code? Le Si: "Cai Yong said: Xiao, weaving bamboo has a bottom. The big one is 23 tubes; The smallest sixteen tubes. Long is turbid, short is clear. The sum of the increase and decrease with the bottom of beeswax. "Flutes are mostly made of bamboo, and the arrangement of flutes is generally single-winged, generally from left to right, and arranged step by step according to the pentatonic scale or the heptatonic scale. Arranged in two wings, spread out according to six methods and six lv. The name of "Paixiao" originated from Zhao U's Shuo Wen Jie Zi Ji in Tang Dynasty. Zhuzi school? Music: "Today's flute pipe is an ancient flute, and this side of Yundi is an ancient flute, and Yundi players also play the flute. "Yuan Dynasty officials called the ancient flute" Paixiao "." Rites and Music: "Bamboo twice, flute four times, flute four times, piano four times, song four times, divided into two parts." According to the tube structure, there are two kinds of flutes recorded in Historical Records: open tube and closed tube. Closed pipes are the mainstream, wax is the back cover, and the pitch of each pipe is adjusted. Qinghui Hall? Musical instrument: "the flute is a 16 pipe, and the yin and yang are 8 respectively, which is better than bamboo." From left to right, there are double laws and six positive laws in turn; From right to left, the column is twice as large as the land, and the sixth is the positive land to match the yin. Sixteen kinds of pipe diameters are divided into two parts, seven centimeters and four milli-second wires, and their lengths are ...

Question 8: What national musical instruments are there, that is, those unique to China? At present, there are Qin, Zheng, Xiao, Di, Erhu, Pipa, Sizhu and Drum. It is a popular musical instrument representing the traditional music culture of China.

National musical instruments are unique to China.

pre-Qin period

According to the unearthed cultural relics and documents, the musical instruments in the pre-Qin period included drums, pipa, local drums, Ying, Tian, Xiangu, Zhong, Yong, Nan, Ju, Qing, Bian, Ling, Ya, Zhu and He. In primitive society, the appearance of musical instruments is closely related to myths and legends, praying for gods and offering sacrifices, folk dances and working life. After entering the class society, musical instruments are mainly used for the entertainment of rulers in addition to religious and ceremonial occasions. In the production of musical instruments, it is exquisite and luxurious, and the scale is getting bigger and bigger, such as Lu Chunqiu? "Luxury Music" contains: "Xia Jie, especially because of luxury music, the sound of drums, bells, bells, flutes and flutes is magnificent and beautiful, and people can watch it; M is a strange rose, unheard of by ears, unseen by eyes. Pass by, don't measure. "

Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei and Jin Dynasties

At that time, the main musical instruments were Zheng, Pipa (with Qin and Ruan Xian), flute, square ring and graceful instrument (that is, lying graceful and restrained). Zheng, pipa and flute are all accompaniment instruments of "Song of Harmony". During this historical period, a large number of foreign musical instruments were absorbed. For example, with the introduction of drum music, wind instruments such as trumpet, horn, alto, long tone and Qiangdi were also used. Due to the communication with western culture, the imported musical instruments mainly include vertical pipa, Persian pipa (Quxiang Pipa) and hairpin. Harp is also a Persian musical instrument, which was introduced to China in Wei and Jin Dynasties. According to Liang Shu's records, Quxiang Pipa was introduced to Gansu through India and Xinjiang around 350 AD? Jian Wendi's biography was introduced to the south at least in 55 1 year (Southern and Northern Dynasties).

Sui and Tang musical instruments

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the further exchange of western cultures, the number of musical instruments increased dramatically. Especially drum instruments, this may be due to the development of song and dance music. There are more than 30 kinds of percussion instruments, such as brass cymbals, bangzi, festival drums, staff drums, waist drums, feather drums, fork drums, qi drums, shoulder drums, Jie drums, single altar drums, Maoyuan drums, Ala drums and Jilou drums. There are more than 20 kinds of stringed instruments, such as solo, three-stringed instrument, musical instrument, rolling Zheng, bagpipes, five-stringed pipa and Xiqin. There are more than 20 kinds of wind instruments, such as flute, upright flute, fork flute, Taiping pipe and Taopi hairpin. The important changes of musical instruments in this period were the appearance of stringed instruments, Zheng and Xiqin, which opened up a new field of musical instrument performance.

Song Yuan Ming Qing Dynasty

During this period, stringed instruments have changed and developed significantly. After the Western Qin Dynasty, the ponytail huqin appeared in the Song Dynasty. There are more than 50 kinds of stringed instruments, such as Hu Qin, Da Ruan, Banjo, Yueqin, Hulu Qin, Bohai Qin, Hobbes, Er Xian, Dambra, Quitard, Labarbe, Violin, Kazak and dulcimer (in fact, there are more than these kinds of stringed instruments among the people). During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, wind instruments were introduced into the suona (also known as Jinkou, Surnai and Gena) from the north, which once again brought about great changes according to the combination of drum music, further enriching the performance of drum music from timbre, volume and style. Suona was originally used in military music. For example, Wang Pan wrote the Sanqu "Chao Di" in Mr. Wang Xilou's Yuefu in Ming Dynasty? Chant the trumpet: "trumpet, blah, turn it down and speak louder. The official ship is in a mess." Watch the price increase yourself. " The army listens to the army, and the people listen to the people's fear. What are you going to do there? I saw it blow through this house and hurt that one. Let's blow the water away! According to Wang Xie's "History of the Three Kingdoms", suona has been applied to the people in the Ming Dynasty.

Timing instrument

(1) percussion instruments: Ding Dong, xylophone, rhyme board, Keno bamboo tube, bamboo tube, gong, suona, single, bronze drum and so on.

(2) percussion instruments: sticks, bronze mirrors, bamboo poles, bamboo poles, cymbals, cloth cymbals, cymbals, cymbals, cymbals, cymbals and cymbals.

(3) Falling percussion instruments: music pestle, bamboo rammer, bamboo tube, Yao bamboo tube, Aga, etc.

(4) Rock-and-beat musical instruments: Lianxiang Stick, Sabayi, Rebaling Bell, Bell, Diamond Bell, Yao Bell, Shaman Bell, Ring Bell, String Bell, Bronze Bell, Babel Bronze Bell, Teacher's Knife, etc.

(5) Comprehensive musical instruments: bamboo spring, dance, iron spring, Xibo iron spring and so on.

Moming musical instrument

(1) percussion instruments: drums, strong seedlings, Yao drums, water ... >>

Question 9: What musical instruments do ethnic minorities have? Han nationality.

Ma Touqin Ma Touqin, called Molinhur by Mongolians, is a representative musical instrument of Mongolians.

Hulusi and Bawu are both Yunnan minority musical instruments.

The three strings of Hulusi originated from ancient strings.

Dombrat

Kazakhs play musical instruments, mainly Dombrat, Cheretil, Sazi, Jetgen and Picric.

Dulongqin, Kouxian, Hulusi, Longtouqin, Ma Touqin, Laoxian, Twelve Muqams, Wang Bi, Hobbes, Labupu, Jialing and Sabayi.