What is common sense of painting and how to master it?

The art of painting common sense usually refers to the art of painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art and so on, which is carried out in space, expressed and appealed to human vision. When this name was first used in Europe in the 17th century, it generally referred to painting, sculpture, literature, music and other things with aesthetic significance. When I began to use this word widely around the May 4th Movement, it also had the meaning equivalent to the whole art. For example, when Lu Xun explained the word "art" in 19 13, he wrote: "Art is a word ... translated from English love. People who love clouds originally came from Greece, and their friendship is art. Soon after, China translated "love" with the word "art", and the word "art" became the name specifically referring to visual arts such as painting. Skills and means of creating artistic images in plastic arts. Such as painting with the help of color, light and shade, lines, anatomy and perspective; Sculpture depends on volume and structure. These techniques and means, through long-term artistic practice, have formed the unique and special artistic language of these plastic arts, which determines the different expression rules of these arts and is related to the success or failure of the plastic arts image and the appeal of artistic works. The artist's constant exploration and improvement of the regularity of modeling expression means is a necessary condition for artistic creation to express new life content and meet people's developing aesthetic hobbies. The golden section is also called Huang Jinlv and the golden ratio. On a line segment, the line segment is divided into long segments and short segments according to the optimal length-width ratio, or the optimal ratio of long sides to short sides of a rectangle is formed according to the optimal length-width ratio, that is, the golden section. Terms of two-dimensional painting. Refers to the plane space composed of length (left and right) and height (up and down). In painting, in order to truly reproduce the image, we often use perspective, shading and other modeling methods to create the profound feeling and three-dimensional effect of the image on the plane of the second space, that is, to create the illusion of the three-dimensional space of natural objects with the second space. Some paintings, such as decorative paintings and pattern paintings, do not require strong depth effect, but deliberately pursue the plane meaning of the second space in order to obtain artistic expression. Stereographic terminology. Refers to the three-dimensional space composed of length (left and right), height (up and down) and depth (depth). In painting, in order to truly reproduce the image, it is necessary to show the three-dimensional sense and depth on the plane. Texture painting, sculpture and other plastic arts show the characteristics of various objects in their works through different expression techniques, such as silk, skin, water, stone and other different qualitative characteristics, giving people a sense of reality and beauty. With the help of light and shade, color, lines and other modeling factors, the sense of quantity expresses the feeling of the weight, thickness, size and quantity of an object. Such as the solemnity of rocks and the lightness of wind and smoke. All realistic objects in painting are required to convey their unique weight and realism. Using the comparative relationship of quantity, we can produce diverse and unified effects. In painting, according to the principles of geometric perspective and air perspective, the sense of space describes the relationship between objects such as distance, level and interpenetration, thus conveying a profound three-dimensional sense in plane painting. Terms of volume painting. Refers to the visual objects displayed on the painting plane can give people a three-dimensional sense of occupying three-dimensional space. In painting, any visible object is determined by the structure of the object itself, which is composed of blocks with different directions and angles. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the structural characteristics of the object to be painted and analyze its proper relationship in painting in order to achieve a sense of volume. Theoretical terms of perspective painting. The word "perspective" comes from the Latin word "perspclre". At first, perspective is to look at the scenery through a transparent plane, and accurately draw the scenery on this plane, that is, to form a perspective view of the scenery. Later, according to certain principles, the science of expressing the spatial position, outline and projection of an object with lines is called perspective. There are three perspectives: 1 color perspective, 2 vanishing perspective and 3-line perspective. This is summed up by Leonardo da Vinci, and the most commonly used is line perspective. Perspective occupies a large proportion in painting. Its basic principle is to imagine a piece of glass between the painter and the object to be painted, fix the position of the eyes (see with one eye), and connect the key points of the object with the eyes to form a line of sight. Reconnect with the imaginary glass. The position of each point on the glass is the position of the three-dimensional object you want to draw on the two-dimensional plane. This is the application method of perspective in western classical painting. For example, the perspective application of Chinese painting: (1) Multi-viewpoint Chinese painting is good at expressing rich plots, while western painting pays attention to single viewpoint (similar to photography). The rich plot emphasized by Chinese painting can't be completed from a single viewpoint. Therefore, Chinese painting is represented by multiple viewpoints (similar to splitting and recombining multiple lenses of a camera). For example, (2) the height of the camera is represented by a slightly oblique perspective, and mountains with high mountains are often drawn in the distance, which are connected by clouds. Show a feeling that people are higher than mountains. Chinese painting does not use close-ups to represent mountains. (2) Long-distance Chinese painting emphasizes "fighting for a tree and taking an inch of beans. "So, the painter must use telephoto to express himself. Picasso's works break the basic law of perspective and show the front and back of an object in two-dimensional space. To understand Picasso's paintings, we must first abandon perspective. Now the painter has begun to ignore all the rules and try to break them. But these practices are in a basic philosophical rule-breaking old rules and creating new ones. Angle of view Center point: that is, the painter's eyes are facing a point on the horizontal line of his eyes. Viewpoint: It is the position of the painter's eyes. Line connecting the viewpoint and the center, at right angles to the horizon. Vanishing point: an angular object, not parallel to the picture, reaches the vanishing point on both sides of the center of the apparent horizon in perspective. Celestial point: it is an inclined object (in front of the roof of the house) and disappears above the obvious horizon. Location: It is an inclined object (behind the roof) near high and far low, and disappears at a point below the obvious horizon. Parallel perspective: It is a perspective view of a square or rectangular object with one side parallel to the picture. This perspective has a sense of neatness, flatness, stability and solemnity. Angle perspective: (two-point perspective) is to draw a cube on the screen. When the four faces of the cube are inclined at a certain angle to the screen, the straight line parallel to the depth produces two vanishing points. Terms of light and dark painting. Refers to the brightness change of light, backlight and reflective parts of objects in painting and the expression method of this change. An object has three bright and dark states under illumination, which are called three major surfaces, namely, bright surface, middle surface and dark surface. The light and color of the three major surfaces are generally dark in the middle. The light and shade of the three major surfaces are generally manifested in five basic levels, namely, five tones: ① the bright surface is always illuminated; (2) Gray surface-middle surface, half bright and half dark; (3) the dividing line between the bright part and the dark part; (4) a backlight part on the dark side; ⑤ Reflect the dark and bright parts of a single surface affected by ambient reflection. It has always been the basic method of square painting to describe objects according to the level of light and shade. During the Renaissance, vasari once said in the Biography of Artists: "When painting, after drawing the outline, use shadows to roughly distinguish the light and shade, and then carefully display the light and shade in a single room, so does the bright part. "Rembrandt is a master of shadow techniques among European painters. Terms of contour plastic arts. Refers to the edge line that defines the range of performance objects. In painting and sculpture, whether the outline is correct is regarded as the key to the success or failure of the work. Terminology of composition and plastic arts. Refers to the structural configuration method of artistic images in works. It is an important means for plastic arts to express the ideological content of works and gain artistic appeal. One of the important factors of color painting. It is a complex phenomenon that various objects absorb and reflect light to varying degrees and act on people's audience. Due to the different textures of objects, the absorption and reflection of various colors of light are different, so everything in the world has formed ever-changing colors. The qualitative appearance that tonal colors can present. Different colors in nature are infinitely rich, such as purplish red, silver gray and orange yellow. Chromaticity refers to the inherent lightness of the color itself. For example, among the seven basic colors, purple is the darkest and yellow is the brightest. Tone is also called tone. Under the irradiation of light source color with certain hue and lightness, the surface of the object is shrouded in a unified color tendency and color atmosphere, which is hue. Colors have no attributes. Colors are basically divided into warm colors (also called hot colors) and cool colors (also called cool colors). Red, orange and yellow are warm colors, giving people a warm, warm and outgoing feeling; Green, cyan, blue and purple are cool colors, giving people a cold, quiet and shrinking feeling. Brightness the lightness and darkness of a color, and the depth becomes lightness. The so-called three primary colors mean that none of these three colors can be produced by mixing the other two primary colors, while other colors can be produced by mixing these three colors in a certain proportion. These three independent colors are called three primary colors in chromatics. The three primary colors of pigment: red, yellow and blue; Three optical primary colors: red, green and blue. . Brush strokes refer to the traces left when the brush touches the picture in the process of painting. Although brushwork is a technical factor, it also conveys the artist's artistic personality and accomplishment. Therefore, it is also an integral part of the artist's artistic style: peasant paintings, including those of fishermen and other laborers. The content mainly shows the farmers' own life and thoughts and feelings, and the form is free. It often borrows folk art, such as paper-cutting, embroidery, shadow play and other modeling methods. There is no established frame in painting, and it does not seek similarity. A painting in which printed matter is made by hand on the layout of different materials. Judging from the methods and materials of rubbings, it can be divided into seven categories: relief prints, gravure prints, lithographs, hole prints, single prints, glass prints and rubbings. Portrait is a kind of figure painting, which is devoted to depicting characters. It can be divided into head portrait, bust, full-length portrait, group portrait and so on. Two-way continuity is formed by a single pattern, which is continuous or repeated up and down or left and right according to certain formal rules. A form of sculpture plastic arts, which is the general name of sculpture and plastic, uses plastic or sculptural materials to make various real-life images. Illustration: Also called illustration, the difference in painting refers to the pictures inserted in books, newspapers and magazines. General art illustrations and graphic illustrations. Chinese painting is abbreviated as "Chinese painting". It refers to China's traditional Chinese painting, which has been formed and developed in China for a long time and has its own unique system in the world art field. It uses brush, ink and Chinese painting pigments to draw on special rice paper or silk. According to the subject matter, it can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and bamboos, birds and animals, insects and fish, palaces and other painting materials. According to the means and techniques of expression, it can be divided into meticulous painting, freehand brushwork, hook, boneless painting, color setting and ink painting. According to the layout style, it can be divided into vertical axis, horizontal volume, album page, sector and other styles. Chinese painting attaches great importance to pen and ink, using lines, ink colors and light and heavy colors to express the physical structure of objective objects through cross-dyeing, dry and wet shading, and yin and yang back; And use the combination of virtual reality and density and "blank space" to achieve ingenious composition effect. The spatial processing of traditional Chinese painting is also relatively free and flexible, that is, you can draw mountains and rivers by "seeing the big and seeing the small"; You can also use the method of "seeing the mountains from horseback" to draw the Wan Li of the Yangtze River. Chinese painting is characterized by "both form and spirit" and "vivid charm", which advocates both "learning from foreign teachers" and "winning the heart in China". Chinese painting also inscribed poems and seals on the screen, integrating poetry, calligraphy and seals. Western painting refers to the western painting which is different from the traditional painting system in China. Including oil painting, watercolor, gouache, printmaking, pencil drawing, pencil drawing and other paintings. Western traditional painting pays attention to realism, expresses the volume, texture and sense of space of objects by perspective and light and shade, and requires the color effect of objects under a certain light source. Oil painting is a painting made on linen, cardboard or wood with pigments easily mixed with oil agents (flax oil, poppy oil, walnut oil, etc.). Diluents used in painting are turpentine and dried linseed oil. The pigment attached to the picture has strong hardness and can keep luster for a long time after the picture is dried. Oil painting is the main type of western painting. A kind of sculpture "plastic arts". It is the general name of three methods: sculpture and sculpture. With all kinds of plastic mud or carved wood, stone and other materials, you can make all kinds of images with real substance. Sculptures are generally divided into circular sculptures and relief sculptures. Due to different purposes, it is divided into shelf sculpture, memorial sculpture, decorative sculpture, architectural sculpture and so on. One of the arts and crafts categories. Refers to the production of handicrafts with certain artistic significance, which not only meets the needs of people's material life, but also meets the needs of people's spiritual life. It is the combination of practicality and aesthetics, and the unity of technology and art. Arts and crafts are divided into two categories: ① daily handicrafts. (2) Display technology. Calligraphy is a traditional art in China. ② Chinese character writing method. According to the modeling rules of Chinese characters, China's calligraphy uses stippling to form various forms to express ideas. Regular script, cursive script, running script, official script and seal script (big seal script, small seal script) have all kinds of characters. The basic factor of calligraphy beauty is stippling, followed by stippling. Therefore, it is very important to use a pen in calligraphy. We should master and use the contradictory relations such as lifting, hiding, turning, heaviness, urgency and Fiona Fang, and pay attention to avoiding frivolous fingers. On the whole, the beauty of calligraphy lies in the momentum, rhythm and rhythm between the lines and the artistic conception conveyed. All kinds of books pay attention to the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the structure, expecting to echo; Proper layout and clear organization. Sketch is a kind of painting form that mainly uses monochrome lines and blocks to represent objects. It is usually used as a means to exercise the basic skills of painting to train the ability to observe and express the shape, structure, light and shade, texture, sense of quantity and space of objective objects. Sketch can also be used as an independent art form for creation. For example, the painter Wang Shikuo's Blood Clothes is an example. Gouache painting is a painting made by mixing powdered pigments with water. Gouache is generally opaque in color and has strong hiding ability, so it can be portrayed deeply and carefully. Used properly, it can have both artistic effects of oil painting and watercolor painting. A picture painted on the wall or ceiling of a building. Divided into rough bottom murals, painted murals and pasted murals. Mural painting is one of the oldest forms of painting. Egypt, India and Babylon have preserved many ancient murals. During the Italian Renaissance, mural creation flourished, resulting in many famous works. In China, since the Zhou Dynasty, there has been a mural system in palaces and even tombs. With the prosperity of religious belief, it has been widely used in temples and grottoes (such as Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Ruicheng Yongle Palace), and a large number of famous Buddhist murals and Taoist murals have been preserved so far. One of the paintings of comics, also known as comics. The word "high-speed painting" comes from Italian Caricare, which means exaggeration. Later, it evolved into the word "cartoon", which refers to a picture with ironic and funny meaning. Through exaggeration, distortion, assumption, metaphor, symbol and other means, satirize, criticize (or praise) people and things in real life with humorous and humorous artistic effects. Traditional terminology of sketching in Chinese painting. Paintings depicting flowers, trees, birds, animals and other creatures are called sketches. Such as the sketch of rare birds in the Five Dynasties. In the modern common painting language, any description that directly takes the real object and the real scene as the object is collectively called sketch. Sketch is a kind of painting method that uses concise lines to briefly describe the expression, shape, movement and other characteristics of an object through rapid and accurate observation. It is an important painting method to cultivate the painter's keen observation and quickly grasp the generalization of object characteristics, and it is also an important means to record life and accumulate creative materials. Halo dyeing, also called rendering or baking dyeing, is a different technique of Chinese painting. Dip one of the two wet pens in color, draw a part of the required range, and then use the other clean pen to paint a little along the edge of the color until it reaches the required range, so that the color will have a natural transition effect. Dyeing is a method of rendering, which connects two colors in a range with clear water to produce a natural transition effect. As for your mastery, it depends on your own careful observation to try to figure out and copy! ! !