The History and Culture of Kongtong Mountain

Kongtong Mountain is one of the cradles of Taoism.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was a humanistic landscape in Kongtong Mountain.

Throughout the ages, pavilions, temples and pagodas have come and gone, all over the mountain peaks.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people called the scenic spots on the mountain "Twelve Kongtong Scenery": Xiangfeng Doulian, Xianqiao Hongkua, Jade Cuo Diecui, Moonstone with Beads, Spring Candle, Jade Glass Spray, Hedong Yuanyun, Fengshan Fog Picking, Guangcheng Danxue, Wuying Needle Cliff, Tianmen Iron Column and Zhongtai Pagoda.

Forty-two buildings in the so-called "nine palaces, eight rows and twelve courtyards" have been basically restored.

With its towering peaks, steep cliffs, vertical and horizontal canyons, numerous culverts, rugged rocks and lush mountains, it is known as a bright pearl on the Loess Plateau in Longdong, which is both a hero in the north and a beautiful scenery in the south.

To say the origin of the name of Kongtong Mountain, we must first say the origin of the word Kongtong Mountain. When you look it up in the dictionary, it's usually annotated "The name of the mountain is in Gansu".

The book Erya, which was first seen in the Spring and Autumn Period, contains: "The Northern Dynasties fought extremely hard".

Pingliang Kongtong Mountain is just below the Beidou constellation, which is what it refers to.

According to Zhou Shu in Jizhong, Kongtong was the leader of twelve clans, including Daxia, shache, Guti, Danlue, Hu Mao, Qi You, Rongzhai, Xiongnu, Loulan, Yueshi, Xiehu and Beiqiu.

So Kongtong is the name of a powerful clan tribe in the Zhou Dynasty.

This is also recorded in Historical Records of Zhao and Examination of Surnames. The descendants of the ancestor contract in Shang Dynasty were divided into Kongtong (also written as Kongtong, but actually Kongtong is a different name), so the country was taken as the surname.

Kongtong Mountain is a famous local mountain, so it takes the famous mountain as its surname.

There are three explanations for most existing materials:

First, it was an empty place in ancient times, where clans lived;

Second, Kongtong Mountain is one of the Taoist resorts, which means that Taoism is empty and natural.

Third, there are many caves in Kongtong Mountain, and there is nothing.

The three statements are not unreasonable.

According to Er Ya, "The northern generation has the same pole and hole." It means that Kongtong Mountain should be a large area under the Big Dipper. No wonder many mountains in the north have been named as Kongtong in history.

It is worth noting that Liupanshan is also known as Kongtong in history.

Kongtong Mountain is the remnant vein of Liupanshan Mountain, and Fuxi, who lives in this area, is the leader of fishing and hunting society.

The life of fishing and hunting society gradually developed from the northwest plateau, that is, the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Kongtong Mountain was the only way to Jitou Road, the main traffic artery between China and the West. The geographical position is very important, connecting Guanzhong in the east and Longyou in the west. Many historical celebrities and feudal emperors have crossed the Jitou Road and climbed the Kongtong Mountain.

The Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor says: In the twenty-seventh year (the first 220 years), "the first emperor visited Longxi and Beidi, went out of Jitou Mountain and returned to Zhongyan" (Jitou Mountain, Qiantou Mountain and Kongtong Mountain are other names).

In October of the 20th year of Zhenguan (646), Emperor Taizong Li Shimin came to Longshan to inspect Ma Zheng.

"New Emperor Taizong Ji Ji Ji" records: "Melting ice, Longshantou, Ziwating, watching horse politics".

Li Shimin saw the prosperity of Buddhism in Kongtong Mountain and gave Minghui Temple and Tianzhai, which was a great event in the history of Kongtong Mountain.

It should be emphasized that the east of Kongtong Mountain is only over 300 kilometers away from Xi.

As the capital of 13 dynasties, ancient Chang 'an has been the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country for more than 1000 years, and the area around Kongtong Mountain is undoubtedly a very important strategic location.

Zheng Wenbao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, pointed out in Little Guan Yi that "mountains and rivers are dangerous, three customs are respected, and five sources are controlled." This is another reason why Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Emperor Taizong and others frequently visited Kongtong Mountain.

A Textual Research on Huangdi and Sima Qian's Landing in Kongtong: Zhang Yuanfang's Xiao Fang Hu Zhai Yu Di Cong Chao in Qing Dynasty: "Kongtong Mountain is in the southwest of the state capital, and Sima Qian of Han Dynasty tried to travel westward here.

According to legend, there are three mountains in Kongtong: one is stable, and the other is in Lintao.

Zhuang Zhou said that the Yellow Emperor asked about Kongtong Mountain, so he visited Xiangcheng, boarded Xinzheng tools and visited Dagu Mountain, all bordering on this mountain, and Yuzhou Kongtong Mountain was near. "Qing Gu Gu's Disease of Counties and Countries in the World": "Kongtong Mountain is in the state of Ru and Yu, and there is a great immortal view on it. If you hover over it, there is a waterfall on the cliff, and water is flowing down the stone stream, shaking the trees.

There is a cave at the top of the cliff with a white dog in it. It often swims outside the cave because it is called Jade Dog.

There are Guangchengzi Temple and Kongtong Temple at the top of the mountain, and Guangcheng Tomb and City at the bottom. The Yellow Emperor asked where it was.

Pingliang Lintao has its own Kongtong Mountain, and the clouds are wide and hidden.

Zhuang Yanzi asked the Yellow Emperor, so he said that he was fascinated by Xiangcheng, which is undoubtedly a mountain.

During the Republic of China, Qian Mu, Shuye Tong, etc. It also makes a summary of the problem of Kongtong. Huangdi boarded the Kongtong in Yuzhou, Henan, not Pingliang, Gansu, and the actions of Huangdi clan could not surpass the gods. There were also people with the same name in ancient Henan, not Dongting today.