Why do you say that learning to play and sing counts as a comic opera?

Comic opera originated in Beijing, the first generation of artists Zhang Sanlu was originally an octagonal drum artist. The whole octagonal drum has "talking, learning, teasing, singing, blowing, beating, playing and pulling" eight skills. Zhang Sanlu switched to comic opera, specializing in "talking, learning, teasing and singing", and accepted Zhu Shao Wen, A Yan Tao, Shen Chun and three disciples, passing down the art of three schools of comic opera. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Tai, a comedian, performed in Shengjing. His gateway is unknown. This Zhang Tai may be the same person as Zhang Tai, an octagonal drum artist, who also sang octagonal drums as well as comic dialogues as did Zhang Sanlu in Beijing. During the Guangxu period, two people, Fan Youyuan and Zhu Tianrui, who were the heirs of Zhu Pai, came to Shengjing. Fan Youyuan, whose real name was Fan Changli and who was known as Fan Liushi, was a third-generation comedian in Beijing. In Shengjing, he took on Zhu Fengshan and Ma Liangchen as his disciples (nicknamed "Ma Yidao"). Zhu Tianrui took on Fan Tianjing as his disciple, and since then, comedy has blossomed in Shengjing.

Contemporary veterans Luo Rongshou and Gao Fengshan perform the traditional comic opera "Selling Cloth Heads"

An account of the comic opera in the Chronicle of the Accompanying Capitals reads:

There is a Mrs. Zhang, who speaks comic opera.

There is Mrs. Zhang, who is a comedian, and she has a good mouth.

The story is thin and well thought out.

Speaking of the mouth is a livelihood.

Here, "Yobo" is a Northeastern vernacular word meaning "top" and "choke" words. "Rumor" is a one-shot slam and rhyming white.

There are three forms of comedy: monologue, duologue and group comedy. Monologue is similar to commentary, but there are many laughs within the repertoire of "antique king", "moonlight building", "Ma Shou out of the world", etc.; duologue two performers, a "joke", b for the "comic", also known as the "amount of live "The traditional repertoire consists of speaking, learning, and learning. The traditional repertoire consists of four categories: speaking, learning, teasing and singing. Most of the programs originated from folk jokes, such as "Wax Cuttings" and "False Connoisseur". There are also "Eight Panels", "Temple Tour" and other "GuanKouJi", "Crooked Criticism of the Three Kingdoms", "Speaking Four Books", "Crooked Speech of the Three Character Classic" and other "literary jokes". Learning programs have specialized in imitating local dialects and various characters, such as "Learning Four Provinces", "Learning Four Phases", "Learning Manchu", and also have specialized in ridiculing certain kinds of people, such as "Cowardly Followers", "Cowardly Shaving", "Fools Learning to Be Good", and so on. The program has "five red charts", "astronomy" and other A and B debate body of the "son and mother joke". Singing programs were initially singing peace lyrics, and later evolved into learning to sing a variety of songs and operas, such as "Liuliu work", "Learning Drums", "Learning Clappers", etc.; there are also special imitations of operas, such as "Yellow Crane Tower", "Catching and Releasing Cao", etc., which are taken away from the performance of the "leg work". Group comic, also known as "group work", there are two types, one is a small comedy-style programs, such as "discipleship", "the trial of the swindle confession", etc.; the other is out of the poem to answer the right type of program, such as "double words", "vajra legs" and so on. Group comedy is mostly performed by three people, in addition to the "comic" "comic", there is a person called "putty seam".

Comic artists call the repertoire "work". A program is called "a piece of work". In the jargon of the artists, this line of comedy is called "Tuanchun". In the early years, they performed behind the curtains, learned the dialect, and had ventriloquism, which was called "dark spring", and later they put down the ground to dedicate themselves to performing in front of the audience, which was called "Ming Chun" or "put down Mingdi". Comic artists are multi-talented, there are "all elephants to spring". They also perform double reeds, taiping lyrics, singing, etc.

Shuangliang is the most popular form of Chinese opera.

The double reed was formed in the mid-Qing Dynasty, originally a form of performance for the curiosity artists in the "whole hall of octagonal drums", initially known as the "double learning a person". The earliest known double reed artist was Huang Fuchen. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was mentioned in the "Bai Ben Zhang" double reed book that "we learned from the late businessman Huang Fuchen." In the early years of the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the Chewangfu Qu Ben "Liu Gongcheng" of the twenty-three, written at that time Xuanwumen to Xidan area of the performing arts activities, there are "three files is" Shi Gongcheng "this person in Kyoto is very famous, his original surname is Huang called Huang Lao, 'Fuchen' two words is the name of the crowd" of the singing words, it can be seen that Huang Fuchen is a businessman who has passed away. This shows that Huang Fuchen performed in Beijing from the end of the Qianlong period to the beginning of the Jiaqing period. Plum side of Miscellaneous Memories" said, yellow "ugly face, the beginning of the stream of book-telling, to a person can learn a variety of character dynamics, so the name of the double yellow. Later, it was divided into two people as a person." Accordingly, some people believe that Huang Fuchen for the founder of the double reed, that is, a founder of said.

Another said "double reed was founded in Beijing ticket friends Huang's Kunzhong, so called double reed. Its mastery in the front face, not in the back face, in the finger pointing, not in the singing good or bad", that is, the brothers said two founders.

There is also a saying that Huang Fuchen is not a ticket friend, is a specializing in "Water Margin" of the book review artists, double reed for his nephew Huang Hefei **** creation, that is, uncle and nephew two people said. Artists often say: "the front face to pay attention to the hair off the face (performance), the back face to pay attention to say, learn, tease, sing, play." So that the audience seems to be a person playing and singing, so there was a "double reed to learn Huang Fuchen, before and after as if a person," said. In the early days of the double reeds, the main focus was on learning how to sing, with the back face playing the three strings and singing selections from the Hard Book, Lotus Flower Drop repertoire, or some small songs, and the front face holding the drum set as the three strings, with the corresponding expressions and movements. Double reeds rely on learning, crooked learning, deliberately revealing flaws, mistakes and make fun. Because it is good at gags, after the early years of the Republic of China, there are many comedians have learned to act.

There is also a saying that, according to legend, during the Guangxu period, there was a "Pihuang" (Peking Opera) artist in Beijing, who was too old to sing, and was asked to "sing in the hall", so he had to perform in the foreground, and his disciples sang in the background, which was named "Double Reed". He had to perform in the front stage and his disciple sang in the backstage, which gave him the name "Double Reed". Later, it was learned by comedians, who learned to sing various operas, time tunes, etc., and became quite popular. Later on, the "back face" mostly abandoned the strings, which enhanced the element of speaking. At the same time, the word "huang" was changed into the word "簧" (spring), which gradually led some people to mistakenly believe that double reeds were a kind of comic opera. Because of the short repertoire of double reeds, usually two or three repertoires are performed in a row in each performance. Acting to the end of the climax, sometimes learning to twist rice-planting songs, sometimes learning to sing miscellaneous songs, sometimes learning to dance, in the audience's hearty laughter in an abrupt end.

Small singing is a comic artisan put down the ground when the opening of the singing of funny songs, there are "a nest of black", "Cross Jin", "riddle song", "wine, color and wealth" and other tracks.

Tai Ping lyrics, the performance of the artist's hands playing two small bamboo boards (called Yuzi board, also known as the Royal Board) singing, similar to the short drums, the repertoire of the "Split Mountain to save the mother", "Han Xin fortune-telling", "five pigs to save the mother", "playing the yellow mother" and so on. There are also artists is a white sand in the blue cloth on the side of the word, while performing, write the word "fortune into the treasure," "LianYuYuYu" and ten numbers and so on. Sometimes one person sings and the other interjects or learns to sing, "gags". Comedy is mostly characterized by satire. For example, in "One Word, One Image", it is said that the word "one" is like a rolling pin, which has been used as an inspector, a rolling pin on the board, and has been dismissed because of its soft heart; it is also said that the word "two" is like a pair of chopsticks, which has been used as a general of the net plate, and has been dismissed because of the good cradling; and "while" is like a pair of chopsticks. It is also said that the character "而" resembles a pair of chopsticks, which was used as a general for cleaning dishes, but he lost his post because he was greedy for stolen goods. This comedy seems to be a play on words, but it is a play on the theme, ridiculing corrupt officials. There is also a section of the "Speaking of the Emperor", on the Qing Dynasty, Beijing, ten generations of the emperor, are "crooked", artists have "reason not crooked, laugh not come," said this comic to the following effect:

"Shunzhi

"He hoped that the people were obedient, so that he could rule.

"Kangxi" to read small words, like a big carrot, outside quite good, inside the "chaff heart".

"Yongzheng" is the day he ascended to the throne sitting crooked, a group of people embraced and positive, only called "embracing the positive".

"Qianlong" is the emperor is rich and deaf, called "money deaf".

"Jiaqing" is when he was the crown prince, a visit to the temple, saw an ancient bronze chime, he gave the clip away, so the emperor called "clip chime".

"Daoguang" means that wherever he went, everything was light, so it was called "Daoguang".

"Xianfeng" is that he can not be idle, idle crazy, called "idle crazy".

"Tongzhi" is that he has no idea, something on and ministers **** with the discussion, only called "Tongzhi".

"Guangxu" is said to pass here, is the oil lamp oil is burning out, and renewed a little lamp oil, called "Guangxu". "Xuantong" means that the last emperor is like a barrel hanging in mid-air, and when someone pokes it with a stick, it will fall down, so it is called "hanging barrel". This comic was produced in the early years of the Republic of China, reflecting the abolition of the imperial system and advocating the revolutionary idea of **** peace, and was widely circulated.

In the early years of the Republic of China, in Shenyang "Ximen face" put the land of the comedian Zhu Tianrui, Zhu Fengshan, Cui Baoxiang and others.

In 1923, Fengtian first shopping mall in Xingleyuan shed, there is a comedy venue, where the comedy artists have Zhu Fengshan, He Yuqing, Bai Yinle, Li Yongchun, Bai Wanming and others. Geng Silly specializes in "timid comedy", such as "Stroll in West Lake", "Silly Auntie" and other programs. Xi Wingsheng and Bai Wanming said "watching foreign films", with a broom to hit the brain, hit the click, and later changed to hit the head with a fan. the late 1930s, some comedians have been into the tea house. 1945 after the victory in the war of resistance against Japan, Shenyang xiaoximen xiangyunge, stone city of the bright tea house, the middle street of the wood line hutong public Tea House have been performing comedy. At that time, the comic artists included Yu Chunming, Zhang Qingsen, Liu Bokui, Cui Yaxuan and Wang Futian. In addition, Tianjin's Chang Lianan, Chang Baolin (stage name "two mushrooms"), Ma Sanli, Guo Rongqi, etc., in the 1930s came to Shenyang to perform. 1939 Hou Baolin came to Shenyang to perform, by the then "Shengjing Times" called "well-known Pingjin comical masters "

This is the first time in the history of the world.