Traditional ritual culture in the building how to reflect

1 City building form layout reflects the culture of ritual

Ancient Chinese city building style and spatial arrangement of the "ritual", the main point is the location of the king's palace designed in the center of the capital city, the palace design of the solemn and luxurious. In the section of "Craftsman's State" in "Zhouli - Kaogongji", it is written: "Craftsman's State is nine miles square, with three gates on the side. In the state, there were nine meridians, nine wefts, and nine tracks. The left ancestor, the right community, facing the back of the city. City towards a husband". This means that, in ancient times, the construction of cities, capitals must be in the center of the palace, because this is the place where the son of God lives. At the same time, the king's residence as the coordinates of the entire city, followed by the establishment of other buildings next to it, from the orientation, the left front of the capital city to place the ancestral temple, the right front of the capital city to set up the altar of the Jikji; we all know that the ancestral temple is symbolic of the family and the bloodline, and it is known that the Jikji on behalf of the country's boundaries, "under the sky, no one but the king's land." Also. This means that with the coordinates of the palace as the design origin, the outer front of the capital city is set up for the dynasty, and the rear of the capital city is set up for the city. The second is the trade market, which occupies a relatively small area, so it is placed in the northern part of the whole royal city "in a humble position". The people do live in the residence is distributed in the periphery of the palace, with the palace to maintain a corresponding distance, not in the direction and location of the palace over a step, but also in the layout of the role of the palace to play a cluster. It is very obvious that the ancient ritual system in the construction of the most embodied, especially the place where the king lives, generally as a reference, and then the orientation of other buildings designated, where the concept of etiquette and social hierarchy in the architectural layout of the unity of the architectural hierarchy, the building level of the status of its owner and the corresponding identity and status of the strict distinction and correspondence between the ruling class of the building in the orientation and status of the hierarchy beyond any other type of building, it can be said that the ruling class of the building in the orientation and status of the hierarchy beyond In terms of orientation and status hierarchy, the buildings of the ruling class surpassed any other types of buildings, and it can be said that the architectural layout of this urban form was a veritable response to the idea of ritual.

All in all, through the design of the orientation to reflect the status of the high and low, in the folk also according to so to distinguish between the rich and the poor, this is one of the characteristics of China's ancient architectural layout, the embodiment of the system of etiquette is very obvious, the social relations between people strictly limited to the covenant, but also fully embodies the noble and lowly order of etiquette and rule of inferiority.

2 common residential space form and layout reflects the idea of etiquette

Ancient saying: "etiquette begins with the honoring of the couple. In the palace, we can distinguish between inside and outside, with the man living outside and the woman living inside. The meaning of this sentence is that the fundamental life is "honoring the couple", with different ways of behavior to regulate the male and female home way, corresponding to this is the principle of the construction of residential buildings for the "identification of internal and external", that is, different types of space indoors and outdoors to be divided, and at the same time require the people to behave and act in a way that reflects the idea of etiquette. In the meantime, the people's behavior should be in line with the different environment.

In China, most of the traditional residential layout belongs to the symmetrical layout of the courtyard, such as the classic form of traditional Han Chinese residential courtyard in Beijing, the spatial layout is more diversified, there is a small one-entry type, but there are also more complex multi-entry type. This spatial arrangement is more in line with the needs of the ancient Chinese society's family system and religious and ethical needs. The folk house is laid out symmetrically on the north-south axis, and the southeast of the building is the main door of the house, and a shadow wall is set up in the interior of the door to block part of the view and protect the owner's privacy. The inverted seat is placed in the front yard of the building to provide a place for guests and servants. Entering the courtyard through the second gate, one can see the hall, which is located on the center axis facing south, to provide a place for the elders to live and move around, as well as a place for the ancestors and a place for the master to meet his guests. These settings are very strict. In traditional houses, the west wing of the Middle East is a place for the younger generation to live, and the walls or corridors need to be united with the rooms, so that the status of the master of the house is very obvious. The traditional courtyard is usually divided into two courtyards, one inner and one outer. The two courtyards are separated by a flower gate, which also serves to maintain order. The inner and outer gates of the courtyard form the inner and outer courtyards, respectively, and women are not allowed to go to the outer courtyard, while guests are not allowed to go to the inner courtyard. The spatial order constructed by this spatial arrangement corresponds to a certain extent to the ethical order advocated by Confucianism, such as "men and women are different" and "inside and outside are different", etc. Dwellings with siheyuan as the basic unit are relatively large in scale, and in ancient times, siheyuan were all built together. In ancient times, the courtyard houses were all built together. At the same time, the design is also very strict are designed with the principle of axial symmetry, in the design of the very obvious embodiment of the inferiority and superiority, the hierarchy of the young and the old, in the construction of the ancient Chinese feudal ideology and hierarchy