In ancient China, people educated young children, what are the famous "enlightenment reading materials"?

Ancient Chinese children's enlightenment reading material is also called "monks", the most famous is "three hundred thousand", respectively: "Three Character Classic", "Hundred Surnames", "Thousand Character Classic".

1, "Three Character Classic", is a very high visibility of the monastic reading material, over the centuries, widely circulated, a household name. The Three Character Classic has a rich content. Modern learning master Zhang Taiyan said: "the book first cited the name of the party things, the second and the history of the sons, so the enlightenment of the montessori child is slightly prepared." In other words, "Three Character Classic" is a kind of content all in the same enlightenment reading.

It's content is also arranged in a very good way, reflecting the author's educational ideas. The author believes that teaching children focuses on etiquette and filial piety, correcting children's thinking, and teaching knowledge comes second, i.e., "the first filial piety ladder, the second to see and hear." Children should be taught to begin with elementary school, i.e., they should be literate first, and then they should be taught to read the scriptures and the books of the son.

2, "Hundred Surnames" is China's longest popular and most widely circulated a kind of Montessori teaching materials. It adopts the four-syllable form of the axe, sentence rhymes, although its content does not have the text, it will be read smoothly, easy to learn and remember. The Hundred Surnames is a unique cultural phenomenon in China. The few surnames it contains embody the Chinese people's strong sense of identification with their lineage and bloodline.

Surname culture, or genealogical culture, is an important part of Chinese culture. The Chinese are the most root-conscious people in the world. The Hundred Family Names, in its historical evolution, has provided an important textual basis for people to search for the origins of their lineage, to establish a sense of belonging in the sense of blood relatives, and to help them recognize traditional blood relatives.

It is an indispensable blueprint for Chinese people to recognize the ins and outs of themselves and their families.

3. The Thousand Character Essay (千字文), known as the Thousand Characters in the Second Rhyme of the Book of Wang Xizhi (次韵王羲之書千字), was compiled by Liang Zhou Xingsi. Thousand Character Essay" is said to be Liang Wu Di Xiao Yan ordered Zhou Xing Si to take Wang Xizhi tablet top one thousand non-repeating characters, compiled into a rhyme and become. The Thousand Character Essay is rich in knowledge and harmonized in sound, which is very suitable for children to memorize and learn, and it has become a traditional classic textbook for monks for thousands of years.

Even today, reading and studying the Thousand Character Classic is a shortcut for young people to learn about traditional culture and civilization, to understand Chinese history, to appreciate the accuracy and delicacy of Chinese characters in conveying emotions and meaning, to recognize the wisdom of the ancients, and to get a glimpse of the mysteries of Chinese culture.

The Thousand Character Essay provides children with the most condensed spirit of Chinese studies. A child who reads and understands the Thousand Character Classic is different from a child who has not read the Classic in terms of cultural composition and spiritual development.

Expanded Information

Background of the work

1, on the "Three Character Classic" of the book age and the author of different generations, the majority of scholars tend to the view of the views of the views of the Song Dynasty, Mr. Wang Bohou, made the "Three Character Classic," in order to teach the family school, that is, Wang Yinglin in order to better educate the family school. That is, Wang Yinglin in order to better educate the children of the clan to read, so the preparation of the integration of history, history, and the collection of the three words of the song.

Wang Yinglin was a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the historical part of the original Three Character Classic only goes up to the Song Dynasty. With the development of history, in order to reflect the changes of the times, there are people in all dynasties who constantly add to the Three Character Classic, which was supplemented by He Xingsi during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty about the history of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties,*** counting twenty-four sentences.

2. The Hundred Family Names is both an enlightening textbook and a book that records Chinese family names. Its content comes from the development of family names. Before The Hundred Family Names, written records of family names can be traced back to the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty.

During the Warring States period, there was the Shiben (世本), a book compiled by historians, which recorded the surnames, lineages, and residences of the feudal lords from the Yellow Emperor to the Spring and Autumn period, but it was unfortunately gradually destroyed during the Song Dynasty.

According to historical documents, surnames can be traced back to the matriarchal clan system of the primitive human society, and the early Chinese surnames were all female characters or initials, such as Ji, Yao, etc. At that time, surnames were used as a way to distinguish between clans. At that time, surnames were used as specific symbols to distinguish clans, such as the name of a tribe or the name of a tribal leader. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor lived on the shores of the Ji River and took Ji as his surname.

Yan Di lived beside the Jiang water and took Jiang as his surname. The Emperor gave his surname Si to Yu for his work on the water. In addition, the sons of tribal leaders can also get surnames. The Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, the last name of the fourteen people, for Ji, You, Qi, hex, Teng, Ren, Xun, alkali, Xi, 姞, ingenious, according to the twelve surnames, of which there are four people belong to the two surnames. After Zhu Rong, there were eight surnames such as Himself, Dong, Peng, Bald, Food, Cao, Pour, Mi, etc., which were called Zhu Rong Eight Surnames in history.

3. Literacy textbooks dedicated to enlightenment appeared in China at an early stage, with Cangjie Chapters and Zunli Chapters appearing during the Qin Dynasty, and Sima Xiangru's Where the Generals Chapters, Jia Boryu's Pangxi Chapters, Cai Yong's Persuasive Chapters, and Shiyou's Rapidly Achieving Chapters in the Three Kingdoms Period, as well as Bei Cang, Guang Cang, and Beginning of Learning Chapters in the Three Kingdoms Period.

Of these works, only the Rapid Achievement Chapter had an impact on later generations, while the rest had little influence. Although it was a more prominent elementary school book after the Cangjie Chapters, its authority was not as strong as it was during the Northern and Southern Dynasties because of the problems that arose in its circulation.

And some of the enlightenment readings that appeared in this period, such as the Tingjiao and the Exegesis of the Young, were limited in their readability. It was against this background that the Thousand Character Classic was introduced.

During the Southern Dynasty, Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang, in order to teach calligraphy to the kings, had Yin Tieshi topologize a thousand different characters from Wang Xizhi's works, one sheet of paper for each character, and then gave these unordered topiaries to Zhou Xingsi, who compiled them into a rhyming text with content, which is the Thousand Character Essay, a text that has been passed down for more than 1,400 years into the 21st century.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Three Character Classic

Baidu Encyclopedia - The Hundred Surnames

Baidu Encyclopedia - Thousand Character Classic