Other Forms of Chinese Fans

Fan of the shape of the fan is not outside the fan and folding fan two categories, the texture of the bamboo, feathers, paper, Luo, silk, bushes, ivory and so on. If today's vision, and may be divided into two categories of craft fan and calligraphy and painting fan. Craft fan beauty in the process, calligraphy and painting fan in painting and calligraphy, although the same for appreciation, but the content of the appreciation is different. If the fan bone craft and calligraphy and painting art and perfect, can be called perfect. Since the Republic of China, celebrities, literati, scholars, peasants, farmers, industrialists and businessmen, any class of people who are interested in fan art, fan art has become a practical and appreciation of the Chinese people almost daily things. In the art world, although still a large number of traditional crafts made by the into the fan for calligraphy and painting, but more is the use of its form and no longer into the fan for painting and calligraphy, directly in the cut into the fan or folding fan form of rice paper for painting and calligraphy, increasingly become the trend, it can be seen, the use of fan form of creation and appreciation of painting and calligraphy art, has been a common fact. In this way, the appreciation of the art function has jumped up, and its practical function is gradually relegated to second place. Fan painting and calligraphy, the best of all times, from the two Song dynasty fan to the Ming and Qing dynasty fan, from Ma Yuan to Qi Baishi, brushwork, white color, ink, landscape, figures, birds and flowers, animals and so on are all gathered in feet of the fan, to give a person the enjoyment of beauty. Its pleasing to the eye, and is not limited to the shape of the small? Fan works, mainly the use of fan and folding fan, the two traditional performance style, a variety of techniques, different styles.

In our stage, the fan is also indispensable. Traditional theater using fan programs are many, play the role of adding artistic expression.

Modern dance also has the use of fans, such as the familiar fan dance, flower encouragement and so on. There are also using the fan as a physical fitness equipment, such as by the elderly favorite "Tai Chi Kung Fu Fan" and so on.　　Fans are also a good gift. In cities, there are usually stores that specialize in selling fans. There are very cheap paper fans and expensive craft fans. Paper fans are a necessity for people traveling in summer. Craft fans can be given as gifts to friends. That's why not only do a lot of people come in and out of the fan stores in the spring and summer, but also in the fall and winter there are still a lot of people buying fans as fine gifts.

Fans of many kinds, wide range of uses. From ancient times to the present, both inherit the tradition and continue to develop. Now the sandalwood fan of Suzhou, the silk fan of Hangzhou, the black paper fan of Shaoxing, the feather fan of Huzhou and so on are more popular because of their high quality and beautiful shape.

Introduction of the craft

China's fan has a very early origin, the Shang Dynasty has the prototype of the fan. The fan was originally a practical thing, with its light and thin but large area, can fan for cool. There are very many types of fans, but the only two that are really mature and widely used are the folding fan and the group fan. China has always had a tradition of decorating everyday objects, so the fan handle was carved on the fan bone, and calligraphy and painting were added to the front and back of the fan. Earlier carving calligraphy and painting by ordinary craftsmen to complete, slowly a variety of talented and imaginative artists to participate, the fan also evolved into a practical function of the art, so that people suddenly envy the heart, the treasure of the intention to become a collection of today's major categories. Fan itself is also the object of appreciation. Good quality mud gold sprinkled gold, silk paper, porcelain green tiger skin, Gongfa Goryeo, famous artists see the heart of the joy of painting and calligraphy made more than fine art. Fan material is divided into ordinary persimmon alum fan, pink paper fan, Goryeo paper fan, alum Xuan fan, pink Palace fan and coarse silk fan, etc., each has its own characteristics.

History

China's famous Wang Xingjie Fan Factory was founded in Zhoujiaqiao, Shaoxing, in the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1875). The owner, Wang Xingzhai, was a famous fan maker, and his wife, Chen Ying, was a skillful artisan of paper fans with gold sprinkles. After the 19th year of Guangxu, Wang Xing Zhai opened stores in Hangzhou, Shanghai and Hong Kong, specializing in the sale of paper fans. The production workshop was still located in Zhoujiaqiao, with Zhang Jinmu, his direct disciple, in charge of production. 1956, Shaoxing Wang Xingji Fan Factory was separated from Hangzhou Wang Xingji Fan Factory, and a separate Shaoxing Wang Xingji Fan Factory was set up. Today, the Shaoxing Zhoujiaqiao area has become the only place in China that can produce black paper fans made of brown bamboo, and there are only a few fan makers left. The black paper fan is made of pure mulberry paper as the fan surface material, and adopts high mountain persimmon lacquer as the adhesive material for production, and the production process is very complicated and exquisite. The high-class black paper fans made by Wang Xing Ji Fan Factory were once selected as "tribute fans" to enter the royal palace, and were loved by court nobles and literati. The black paper fan has won awards in Milan, Italy, Panama and the West Lake Universal Exposition. The founder of Wang Xingji, Wang Xingzhai, was famous for his black paper fan, which is still a prestigious handicraft product today.

"Xuan fan", China's intangible cultural heritage

"Xuan fan" is a kind of folding fan named after its place of origin, which is produced in Anhui Ailan Bamboo and Wooden Crafts Company Ltd. in Honglin Town, Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province. The owner, Luo Yalan, is a family of ancestral fan-making. Xuancheng has a long history, humanities, since ancient times there has been a "South Xuan North He". Since the Western Han Dynasty, there have been more than 2,000 years of history since the establishment of the county, for the hometown of China's four treasures, the hometown of bamboo in China, Xuancheng is located in the south of the Yangtze River, the head of the Chu and Wu tail, the southern capital of the Yangtze River, the hometown of the fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River. Xuancheng deep cultural heritage, since the Western Han Dynasty has been the Jiangdong County, Jin Yongjia years, the first cultural prosperity of the wind, through the Six Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty cultural development, its cultural lineage has a long history, Xuancheng fan was born.

The Xuan fan originated in the Song Dynasty, when the folding fan was commonly known as the "poly bone fan", at the time of the maturity of the technology of Xuan paper, the production of Xuan fan has a huge catalytic effect. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Xuanfan entered its heyday, with all the techniques reaching their peaks, and was y loved by literati and ink masters. Wen Zhengming in the Ming Dynasty, Shi Tao in the Qing Dynasty and other art masters of the generation used the Xuan fan as a carrier to create works. Xuan fan is exquisite, beautiful and elegant, with auspicious meaning, rich connotation, high cultural, craft and collection value. Each process is highly demanding and rigorous, revealing that the Xuan fan is a crystallization of traditional craftsmanship and culture.

Xuan fan, bamboo fan bone from more than six years of bamboo, such as bamboo, bamboo, bamboo, bamboo and so on. Wooden fan bones are made from valuable trees that have grown for more than 50 years, such as rosewood and incense wood. The fan surface is made of high-quality silk and Xuan paper.

Types of fan

Folding fan fan fan folding fan most commonly used materials for the paper, there are also used in the silk and clip yarn. Among them, paper fans account for the majority. Paper fan surface colored fan surface and white plain surface. In addition to the white surface, colored fan surface, to the most elaborate gold fan, but also the most complex, the most popular. In addition, there are still mud gold, chip gold, gold and so on are also popular among the people. Among them, the gold in our country very early use. In the Tang Dynasty Kaiyuan, Tianbao has been used in the mud gold post. Mud gold manufacturing, is made from the gold foil, the gold into gold foil. As recorded in the "wu xian zhi", suzhou gold foil production, also commonly known as red fly gold, each three inches and three square. Each two gold can make 2319 sheets. And there are big red, Buddha red and field red three different colors. Big red is the original color of gold; Buddha red is spelled into the purple copper, the color appears deep red; field red is contained within the grain silver 20%, slightly yellowish. Manufacture of gold fan with gold foil, all three, so the gold fan also has three colors. Folding fan fan can be roughly divided into a fan with a complete fan bone and fan face. The value of the finished fan is much higher than that of the fan face, because the material and shape of the fan bone itself, especially the carving, have a lot to pay attention to. The fan face, though small in size, is made of multiple layers of thin Xuan Xuan glued together and creased due to its special shape and the very thick texture of the paper. Some materials, such as color paper, gold paper, hair paper, etc., their ink and color setting sex are very difficult to master, the average calligrapher and painter do not dare to arbitrarily rendering. Ming dynasty calligrapher Zhu Yunming, once compared painting on the fan as a beautiful woman dancing on the rubble. Therefore, the calligrapher and painter fan face of the runge is often not calculated by the size of the size, but a separate price. The price is much higher than the same size of the album. Fan gives a sense of visual extension, especially landscape painting, often at hand, small in the big. The painter must be well thought out in the composition and layout. So it is a unique form of painting and calligraphy.

In addition to a variety of gold fan, there are Gekkei, persimmon green, on the green, lake color, coral and other color pigmented surface of the fan, quite popular, but unfortunately most varieties have been lost so far. White plain surface has been the main product in the fan, there are paper, silk, hair paper, etc.. Among them, paper is the main one. Large production, many varieties, appeared early. Fan production process is complex, some are mounted with multi-layer Xuan paper, 3, 4, 5 layers vary; some selected top quality Xuan paper for the surface layer, the middle lining paper more than leather cotton and even history. The quality of the fan is not only the selection of materials, production process is quite critical. The same is the white plain fan, its high and low very different. In history, the more famous mirror paper. After the liberation of the "old alum fan" is the most famous, specifically for high-grade fan fan bone supporting. Its production is exquisite, clean and generous, better than the lead pen, flat and firm, not cracked for a long time. Especially its method of production is complex, to go through the material, scraping, cut shape, on the alum, finishing, mounting, set of brush, folding, cut through, along the edge of the ten processes. There are also antique, hair paper, silk and other white plain fan. Special mention of the three fan, specially formulated for the Chun Gong painting fan, can be scattered left and right. Spread to the left, that is, show the picture of the Chun Gong, spread to the right, the emergence of another picture, used to hide. As if by magic, so commonly known as magic fan.

Tuan Fan fan fan, also known as the five Ming fan, also known as the "Palace Fan", "dandy fan". It is a round fan with a handle. Before the Song Dynasty, fans were referred to as fans. Wang Changling "long letter worry" poem: "broom Pingming autumn hall open, and will fan *** wandering". The staff fan new record ": the recent general plain silk, two sides of the taut, or clay gold, porcelain green, lake color, there is the moon, waist round, hexagonal style, all Sin celebrities painting and calligraphy, handle with the plum brand, Xiangfei, brown bamboo, there are also lacquer, ivory and so on. The name "fan".

The fan is a Chinese invention, also known as the fan, and then introduced to Japan. Folding fan is a Japanese invention, and then introduced to China. The people of Japan and China have enriched the lives of mankind with their **** and wisdom. In the history of civilization exchange between Japan and China can not be said to be an interesting thing.

The fan is also known as the "Palace Fan", because the shape of the full moon, and more used in the Palace, so called Palace Fan. Fan border and handle to bamboo, fan with white silk, painted landscape, flowers, birds, insects and grasses. Early mostly round, after the long round, flat round, plum blossom, sunflower, begonia and other styles. The fan has a high aesthetic appreciation value. Since the Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty is the prevalence of fans. Sichuan and Suzhou, Hangzhou palace fan, the most refined production, history is also the longest. Palace fan, also known as dandy fan, fan, fan, it appeared after the feather fan, folding fan before. Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty's concubine Ban Jieyu wrote a famous "fan song": "the new system Qi dandy, bright as frost and snow. Cut for the Harmony fan, the ball like the moon. In and out of Junhuai sleeve, shaking the breeze hair. I am always afraid that the fall festival will come, and the cool breeze will take away the heat. I'm always afraid that the autumn festival will come, and the coolness will take away the heat. The fan expresses the complex psychology of being jealous of Zhao Feiyan and fear of being coldly rejected by the king. The beginning of this fan. Ancient yarn, damask, Luo, silk can be fan fabrics, today only to Luo to silk, recently Luo also abolished, and more silk. Scattered from the generations of swimming fan of poetry and prose, fan prevalent in the Western Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty for more than a thousand years, after the Song Dynasty and the folding fan, by concubines and ladies, the literati favorite. Fan in the modern folk common, fan to plain silk two sides of the taut, or clay gold, or porcelain green lake color, but also the moon, waist round, hexagonal shape, celebrities painting and calligraphy on it, the name is 'fan'. Handle with plum brand, Xiangfei, brown bamboo mostly, there are also lacquer, ivory and so on. In terms of the shape of the Silk Palace fan, round like the moon mostly, but other shapes are also many, such as hexagonal, octagonal, melon flute-shaped, banana leaf-shaped, paulownia leaf-shaped, and so on, of which the begonia-shaped, horseshoe-shaped, plum blossom-shaped, in addition to the more common round.

Around the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were fans made of bamboo. In 1975, Jiangsu Jintan Maolu unearthed a bamboo fan. Wooden handle pole, bamboo silk bone, fan surface mounted paper with persimmon juice, black lacquer edge. The bamboo silk bones are as fine as bristles, and are neatly and closely interspersed on the fan shaft. The pole is lacquered in black. The handle of the fan is brownish yellow lacquer with brownish-red cloud patterns on the ground. The handle is fitted with a crescent-shaped fan rest to protect the fan face. The fan face is 26 cm long and 20 cm wide, and the fan handle is 16 cm long and 1.6 cm in diameter at its thickest. It is exquisitely crafted and beautifully modeled. This kind of fan is already close to the bamboo bone fan popular in the modern market. Modern bamboo bone fan to bamboo wire for the skeleton, both sides of the paste leather paper (a kind of similar Koryo paper to pure mulberry bark as raw material handmade paper), while painting or calligraphy or printing patterns on the fan surface, and then along the edge, flattening, mounted on the wooden handle, a fan on the completion of the work. In addition, the modern fan also has a garden or flat bamboo after splitting, compiling, molding and other crafts made of fan, but also plastic for the fan bone fan, there is also a thicker whiteboard paper or plastic hard sheet directly as a fan, and then mounted on the plastic handle of the advertising fan.