The idea of beauty

? -Read "Talking about Beauty" and "The Great hippias"

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"What is beauty?"

This is a philosophical thinking that runs through more than two thousand years.

Since 1750, Baumgarton first divided aesthetics into one of the three major fields in philosophy, aesthetics has gradually become independent from philosophy. And "what is beauty?" It has also become a basic problem of aesthetics.

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When writing this article, I want to use the art of language to make the title more attractive and visualize the abstract "beauty", such as "beauty is a slight breeze" and "beauty is a beautiful sunshine on the treetops" and so on.

I suddenly found myself falling into the trap of "sophistry" thinking of the great hippias.

Thinking of Socrates' profound warning to the world in the dialogue, every word is like gold: "Beauty is difficult."

Although "beauty" is widely used in our daily life, when we really talk about it, the single "beauty" seems too profound and obscure. Later, it added "concept" to show people's concept and thinking about "beauty".

This view is not only Zhu Guang's understanding of beauty, but also the concept expressed in The Great Hippocampus, and what I thought when I first set foot in aesthetics.

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Talking about beauty for the first time can be described as a treasure house for aesthetic scholars, but because "aesthetics" is so abstruse, it still makes many people read it in a fog.

Just like someone in Zhihu initiated such a question, "Why does Zhu Guangqian's Talking about Beauty feel so nonsense?"

In my opinion, Mr. Meng Shi has profound insights from theory to practice.

Mr. Meng Shi started with "what is aesthetic feeling" and put forward four points.

First of all, it is pointed out that the greatest feature of aesthetic attitude is the concentration of attention and the isolation and insulation of image. Different from practical and scientific attitudes, they pay attention to the interests beyond the connection of things, while aesthetic feeling is only the intuition of images, which is the most useless and noble desire.

Secondly, it points out that the beauty of art should keep a proper distance from real life, and art can make up for the deficiency of life and nature. Jump out of the real world and appreciate your image with the spirit of "inaction". Just like the beauty on the other side, the beauty of trees in the distance under the haze, the beauty of the world under the snow cage, the beauty of abstract characters and so on.

Third, the humanization of the universe. Aesthetic feeling includes empathy, reciprocating interest and interest, and the highest realm is the unity of things and me.

Fourthly, Mr. Montessori also pointed out that aesthetic feeling should be distinguished from pleasure, association, textual research and criticism.

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For beauty, such subjective feelings are the most common in our lives.

This is the most direct and realistic example when we study what beauty is.

In my opinion, pure beauty in our life is rare, but beauty is very common.

Living in a chaotic world, we walked through the busy streets of Ma Rulong and came to a familiar small space. It is difficult for us to appreciate everything around us with pure beauty.

Different from traveling in different places, everything there has become the scenery on the other side. We will leave a smiling photo at the gate of a foreign bank and leave our lonely figure on a strange street. ...

All this is the beauty created by distance.

Furthermore, aesthetic feeling is very common, because people are animals with higher intelligence.

When we are upset, bored, sad and happy, we all like to look at the objective world with our eyes washed by emotions. The objective world here can be a flower in a park in the rain, branches of street trees swaying in the sun, and modern buildings standing in the wind. ...

We are overwhelmed by emotions and delusions, and form an independent spiritual world with immediate interests. Such a situation is not uncommon in life.

On the distinction between aesthetic feeling and the other three, I am mostly "incomprehensible".

Listen to what he said, feel its correctness, think twice, but it is difficult to understand its meaning.

One is happiness. Ruskin thinks that the statue of Goddess in Greece is not half as beautiful as a girl with bright British blood, which is the embodiment of hedonism. They regard happiness as beauty.

The second is association, which is absent-minded and inattentive, so it is essentially different from aesthetic feeling.

Third, criticism and textual research are too calm and superficial, and appreciation is neglected because of textual research.

However, as a beginner in aesthetics, it is really difficult for me to understand the mystery. It can only be said that these three aspects and aesthetic feeling do overlap and ambiguity, which is understandable.

When we look at famous paintings, we first get a visual shock, which is a kind of enjoyment; When we watch movies, it is also a pleasure to appreciate the aesthetics of violence in the audition; Impressionist painters were shocked by the beauty of that moment before leaving their works of art that were appreciated by the world.

Socrates said: "Pleasure is the cause of beauty, which can make both audio-visual pleasure beautiful. Why can't other kinds of happiness be equally beautiful, since they are also happiness? "

In addition, we also appreciate Monet's Sunrise and Van Gogh's Sunflower. The alarm clock seems to be associated with all kinds of natural scenery in our reality, but it can't be said that we are not in a spiritual world with the painting.

Mr Meng Shi also said that textual research is also the basis of aesthetics.

In a word, the difference and aesthetic feeling of the three will be obviously different to some extent.

However, ordinary people's appreciation of beauty is almost mixed.

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"Aesthetic feeling" and "idea of beauty" are concepts in the sense of beauty. And the description of "aesthetic feeling" is really indispensable.

We directly act on the image and produce the admiration of "beauty".

Just as in The Great Hippocrates, the sophist Hippocrates answered Socrates' question "What is beauty?" Answer with "beauty is beauty".

And this intuition that directly acts on the image of things is the most difficult to distinguish and unclear.

Just as people understand practicality and pleasure, they are also our intuitive feelings.

For example, Hippocrates said that "beauty is gold", Socrates guided "appropriate beauty" in the dialogue, and they discussed "whether beauty is useful" and "beauty is the pleasure produced by audio-visual synthesis". All these discussed things are things and feelings endowed by the aesthetic feeling that acts on people.

The only correct conclusion we can draw is that beauty and aesthetic feeling go hand in hand.

Socrates said: "This kind of beauty itself, when added to anything, makes it beautiful, whether it is a stone, a piece of wood, a person, a god, an action or a science."

Our abstract and all-encompassing concept of "beauty" can only be analyzed through the implementation of our aesthetic feeling and our concept of human limitations.

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Zhu Guangqian expounded his views on "what is beauty" from the seventh chapter of Talking about Beauty.

Generally speaking, he believes that beauty is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity.

A closer look at his point of view directly corresponds to his point of view on aesthetic feeling.

He said that beauty is the baby of the marriage of heart and things, and beauty is both inherent in things and the product of heart. The beauty of this emotional marriage acts on people's emotions and is the spiritual world of aesthetic empathy.

On the false imitation of "natural beauty" by idealism and realism, he thinks that nature and art are independent, and there is no direct correspondence between the beauty or ugliness of nature and the beauty or ugliness of art. Connecting with the second view of aesthetic feeling, art can make up for the deficiency of life and nature.

Nature is a dictionary, not a book. We can't say that a Chinese dictionary is a dream of red mansions or sandalwood punishment or three substitutions.

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Then, Mr. Meng Shi discussed that the difference between art and games is that art needs sociality and media to convey emotions.

Next, I think the practical part of Mr. Montessori's talk about beauty.

How can we create artistic beauty?

The first is imagination and the use of images.

The second is emotion, which jumps from the depths of emotion to objectivity and forms a complete emotional narrative.

The third is metrical rules, which are applied to achieve the realm of detachment rules.

The fourth is imitation, the perfect combination of the poet's wonderful understanding and the craftsman's wrist.

Fifth, a lot of accumulation, the former's "poet's wonderful understanding" is inspiration, not genius, and only hard work can get inspiration.

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Beauty still happens all the time around us.

Socrates said: "Beauty is difficult", just like his mantra "I don't know", he explored what beauty is.

Beauty seems to exist objectively and independently, but it can also fall on everything, making people feel beautiful and achieving the effect that "a pair does not necessarily have the nature of a pair, and a pair does not necessarily have the nature of a pair".

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Mr. Montessori believes that beauty is the unity of subjective and objective, and it is the baby of the marriage of mind and matter.

He believes that life is a broader art, and the so-called artistic life is the real life.

Mr Meng Shi not only has a brain that is diligent in thinking and exploring, but also has a pair of eyes that are good at discovering beauty.

He sighed: "Take your time and enjoy it!"

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For the study of beauty, whether beauty is subjective or objective, or the unity of the two, human participation is indispensable. From the perspective of the fleeing person, things are indistinguishable.

The idea of beauty is people's thinking about beauty, just like people's exploration of loneliness and the meaning of life.

This problem will be endless, and it will always promote people's brain growth and consciousness improvement.

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Hegel said, "I think, therefore I am."

Let our "spiritual self" wander more widely and freely in this world.

"The idea of beauty" is also the content that "spiritual self" is keen to think about, and a person without "spiritual self" is incomplete.

Therefore, "beauty is difficult" makes us enjoy the beauty produced in thinking.

(Postscript: Please don't copy the recent homework to avoid conflict! )