求：中国宋代到明代椅子设计风格的形成与发展 急需请速度回答谢谢！！！！

Song Dynasty furniture shows us many aspects of the social customs of the time from different angles, such as wedding, funeral, marriage, festivals, traveling and so on.

The role played by some furniture is crucial in Song Dynasty wedding customs. For example, Ouyang Xiu "return to the field record" volume two records have: "today's scholars, when the marriage of the night, to two leaning back to back, set a saddle, the son-in-law sitting on it, drink to three jars, the female family to send people three please and then down, was into the wedding, called 'on the high seat'." The "leaning" refers to the chair, in the two chairs set back to back and put a saddle on the chair, so that the groom to sit on it, it is called "on the high seat". According to the end of the Tang Dynasty, Su Arye "Su's evolution" cited from the "Youyang Miscellany Chopping Block" said that it is derived from the Northern Dynasties Yu Feng. Su Osprey also further explains the reason for the wedding saddle is that "the saddle, safe also, want to be stable with the carrier also. However, the saddle on the chair is a popular custom during the Northern Song Dynasty. At this time, the chair, as a new type of seating device, became an important vehicle for wedding ceremonies, and the custom was not changed until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. For example, according to Meng Yuanlao's "Tokyo Menghua Lu", in the late Northern Song Dynasty folk weddings, after the bride enters the bridegroom's room, the groom is invited to enter the bridegroom's room. It was at this point that "the son-in-law, with his official clothes and flowery face, raised a couch in the center hall and placed a chair on it, which was called the 'high seat.' The first matchmaker invited, the second aunt invited, and the second aunt invited. First, the matchmaker's invitation, followed by the aunt's or realtor's invitation, each poured a cup and drank it. The second mother-in-law please, square down to sit." Wu Zimu of the Song Dynasty wrote a similar account of this custom in his book, Meng Liang Lu (Record of Dreams and Sorghum). Wedding has always been the Chinese people's top life event, and this is an important ceremony of the wedding that is to couch, chair, the two kinds of furniture to carry specific. It can be seen that the Song Dynasty furniture as an important carrier of Song social customs is well deserved. In addition, we must also see, this so-called "high sitting" is actually a synthesis of the old and new way of life, couch is a representative of the low-sitting era, while the chair is a symbol of the high-sitting era. The so-called "high sitting" is actually a synthesis of old and new lifestyles, with the couch representing the low-sitting era and the chair symbolizing the high-sitting era. This "high sitting" indicates both an attachment to tradition and an interest in the carrier of the new way of life. The custom of placing chairs on the couch can be seen in Li Gonglin's "Filial Piety Scriptures" from the Northern Song Dynasty (collection of the Princeton University Museum of Art, USA), in which there are two four-headed armchairs side by side on the couch with a coffee table in the center, and a couple seated in the chairs are watching the performance in front of them, with a servant waiting beside them. This form of chair on the couch is also a kind of "high sitting", because it reflects the content of the "Book of Filial Piety", which is related to the filial piety of children to their parents.

In the Song Dynasty funeral customs, there is a famous "one table, two chairs" style, this form is mainly seen in the Song and Jin tomb murals. Such as henan yuxian baisa song ZhaoDaWeng tomb mural, henan anyang small south sea northern song dynasty tomb mural, henan anyang xinanzhuang west 44 song dynasty tomb mural, henan hui xian hundred springs gold tomb mural, Shanxi wenxi county under the sun gold tomb north wall mural, hebei quyang south pingluo northern song dynasty tomb mural tomb mural and ningxia jingyuan northern song dynasty tomb brick carving and so on. From the archaeological discovery can be seen, China's Henan region on the "one table, two chairs" type of use the most, but also the most mature. Since table and chair is the most important type of sitting furniture, its combination has been stereotyped here, indicating that the sitting and living style has been gradually popularized in this region, becoming an important social custom in northern China at that time. Take the "one table, two chairs" style in the mural painting of the tomb of Zhao Daweng in Baisha, Yuxian County, Henan Province (Fig. 3) as an example, Zhao Daweng and his wife are seated opposite each other on back chairs, and although the "one table, two chairs" painting here is sideways, both of them turn their heads to face the audience, which is a sign that they are watching a song and dance performance (Fig. 4). said to be watching the song and dance performance (the east wall has music and dance map mural), so this is a typical "husband and wife Kaifang Banquet" form. The table in the middle of the couple was decorated with the wine and the bowl for warming the wine, and the servants behind them were waiting with all kinds of utensils at any time. As a form of "Feast and Pleasure Picture" on the decoration of the tomb, it can be traced back to the Han Dynasty, and in the Song Dynasty, this kind of "one table and two chairs" type of "Husband and Wife Kaifang Banquet" can be regarded as the form of "Feast and Pleasure Picture" that was developed in this period. Although "one table and two chairs" is an important form of Song funeral social customs, it is rare in formal Song silk paintings, but we cannot rule out the possibility that this form was used in real life. The aforementioned "filial piety" depicted in the picture can also be regarded as a kind of "Xingle Tu", or a kind of "a few two chairs" style "husband and wife open Fang Banquet".

Ming Dynasty is a mature period of development of the art of furniture, furniture of all kinds of forms, types of colorful. The same kind of varieties, complexity and simplicity of different, different decorative patterns, artistic effect is different.

The Ming chair types are as follows: throne, chair, chair, chair, chair, chair, rose chair, back chair.

The throne is a special chair in the palace, modeling structure imitation of beds and couches. In the imperial palace and royal gardens, palace furnishings, for the emperor and consort dedicated. Few people in general with this chair, this chair is rarely in pairs, most of the separate display, often placed in the center of the hall or other prominent position.

Crossing chair that is the end of the Han dynasty, the north of the imported Hu bed, the shape of the front and rear legs crossed, the intersection for the axis, on the beam through the rope instead of sitting. In the front leg on the cut-off that is sitting on the back corner of the installation of curved quanquan circle, in the middle of the backboard support, people sitting on it can lean back. Indoor furnishings in the higher level

Chair not only furnishings indoor, can also be carried when you go out. Song, Yuan, Ming and even the Qing Dynasty, royal officials and wealthy families go out on parades, hunting are carrying chairs. Ming "XuanZongXingLeTu" is painted in this chair hanging on the back of the horse, in order to prepare for the temporary rest of the use. Because the chair is suitable for human rest needs, so after more than a thousand years, the form of structure has not changed significantly.

The circle of the chair and the circle of the chair is exactly the same, the chair to its face under the characteristics of the name, the circle of the chair is named on the face of the characteristics of the name. Strictly speaking, the chair should belong to a circle chair, due to the emergence of the circle chair later than the general chair, it is listed after. The circle chair is evolved from the chair. The chair circle from the seat of the brain parts to both sides, and then forward to the downward trend, the end of the formation of armrests. People sitting, two hands, two elbows, two arms and get support, very comfortable, so quite popular, and gradually developed into a chair for indoor use. Because of the relative stability of the indoor furnishings, without the use of cross-legged, so the use of four feet, with wooden boards for the surface, and the general chair sitting surface is not very different. Only the upper part of the chair still retains the form of the chair. In the hall furnishings and the use of most of the pairs, not much use alone.

The circle of the chair more than a curved round material saving, slightly thicker at the brain, from the brain to the ends of the brain gradually thinning. In order to form a harmonious effect with the chair circle, the lower legs and feet of such chairs and the face of the columns are also used in the light of the round material, only in the front of the tooth plate in the middle and the back plate in the middle of the embellishment of a group of shallow and simple pattern. In the late Ming Dynasty, there is a sit down with drum legs Pangya with mud circle chair. Although the modeling is rich in changes, however, four columns are not with the legs and feet of a wooden joint work, and the Department of another, which is bound to affect the firmness of the chair circle. Ming Dynasty chair chair style is highly respected by the world, so that at that time the circle chair is also known as the "master chair".

The official hat chair is based on its shape resembles the ancient official's hat and its name. Hat chair is divided into the South Hat Chair and four out of the head of the Hat Chair. South official hat chair modeling is characterized by the back of the chair columns and hitching brain articulation to make rounded corners. The method is made by the column for mortise and tenon, hitching the brain at both ends of the following mortise and tenon nest, pressed on the column. The armrests on both sides of the chair also adopt the same method. The backboard is made of "S"-shaped curve, generally made of a whole board. The late Ming and early Qing dynasties appeared wooden frame paneling method, due to the wooden frame with a curve, the core of the board more than a few pieces of splicing, the center of the door post. Face down by the tooth plate and four legs to support the sitting surface. The front teeth from the center to the two sides of the open door-shaped incisors. This type of chair is used more in the south.

Four out of the head of the official chair and the South official chair is different in the back of the chair and armrests at the corner of the brain is not made of soft rounded corners, but through the columns continue to probe forward, the end of the end of the slightly flared, and cut out the rounded round head. This chair is also made of yellow rosewood. The backboard is scraped and ground into an "S"-shaped curved back with the whole board. Generous shape and clear and beautiful wood texture, forming a beautiful and elegant style and interest.

Rose chair is actually a kind of south official chair. It was seen in famous paintings in the Song Dynasty. The use of this chair gradually increased in the Ming Dynasty. Its back is usually lower than other chairs, and the height of the armrests are similar. Back against the windowsill flat set a number of chairs are not to high out of the windowsill, with the table display is not higher than the desktop. Because of these characteristics, so that not very applicable to the rose chair is loved by people.

Rose chairs are made of rosewood or chicken wing wood, generally do not use rosewood or mahogany. The name of the rose chair in Beijing master craftsmen in the spoken word is widely circulated, the South does not have this name, and called it "Wen chair". The name of the rose chair has not yet seen the ancient book records, only the book "Lu Ban Jing" in the "CURLS chair" entry, is estimated to be today's so-called "rose chair".

Backrest chair is only the back without armrests of the chair. It is divided into two types: the Ichidobe style and the lamp-hanging style. A unified monument-style backrest brain and the South Hat Chair in exactly the same form; lamp-hanging chair backrest and four out of the same type, because its ends out of the column, and slightly upward, as if picking lamps lamp post, and therefore its name is "lamp-hanging chair". In general, the chair shape of the backrest chair is slightly smaller than the official hat chair. In the use of materials and decorations, hardwood, wood and a variety of lacquer, etc., all of them, characterized by lightweight and flexible, the use of square