Characteristics of folk houses in the north and south of China

1, the most characteristic of the north is the Beijing courtyard house, the kiln on the Loess Plateau in the northwest.

1, Beijing courtyard house:

Beijing courtyard house in the city of Beijing in large and small hutongs, is located in many by the east, south, west and north of the four sides of the house surrounded by the courtyard type of housing, which is the courtyard house courtyard door is generally open in the southeast corner or the northwest corner of the north house in the courtyard is the main house, the main house is built in the masonry pedestal, larger than the size of other houses, is the master of the house of the living room. The main house is built on a brick and stone foundation, larger than other houses, and is the residence of the owner.

The two sides of the courtyard have east and west compartments, where the younger generations live. There is a corridor between the main house and the rooms for people to walk and rest. The walls of the courtyard and the houses facing the street generally do not open windows to the outside, so the courtyard is closed and quiet.

2, kiln

Earth kiln is dug against the hillside into the yellow earth kiln, this kiln is warm in winter and cool in summer, the best insulation. Stone kiln and brick kiln is first built with stone or brick arch-shaped hole, and then covered with a thick layer of loess, both strong and beautiful. There is another type of kiln where a huge pit is dug into the ground and then a loess kiln is dug, which is much more comfortable. Because the construction of the kiln does not require steel, cement, so the cost is relatively low.

Two, the most characteristic of the south is the ancient houses in Anhui, Fujian and Guangdong and other places of the Hakka Tulou.

1, Anhui's ancient houses

Green tiles and white walls are the prominent impression of Huizhou architecture. The staggered horse head wall not only has the beauty of modeling, but more importantly, it has the practical function of fire prevention and blocking the spread of fire. One of the characteristics of Huizhou-style houses is the high walls and deep courtyards, which on the one hand is a defense against burglars, and on the other hand is a need for psychological security for the migrant families who suffered from the pains of being uprooted.

2. Hakka Tulou

Tulou is the residence of the Hakka people in northeastern Guangdong and southwestern Fujian. The ancestors of the Hakka people are Han Chinese who migrated to the south from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River more than 1900 years ago. Because most of the Hakka people lived in remote and remote mountainous areas, the Hakka ancestors created these huge dwellings, the Tulou, in order to guard against harassment by bandits and to protect their families.

Dozens of families and hundreds of people can live in an earthen building. There are round and square earthen buildings, among which, the most characteristic one is the round earthen building. The round building consists of two or three circles, the outer circle is more than ten meters high and has one or two hundred rooms.

They do not distinguish between the rich and the poor, the noble and the lowly, and each family is equally assigned one room each from the ground floor to the upper floor, and their uses are very uniform, with the first floor being the kitchen and the dining room, the second floor being the storehouse, and the third and fourth floors being the bedrooms.

The second circle of two floors, there are 30 to 50 rooms, usually guest rooms; in the center is the ancestral hall, can accommodate hundreds of people for public **** activities. There are also wells, bathrooms and toilets in the Tulou, just like a small city. The tall and peculiar Hakka Tulou have been praised by architects all over the world.

Expanded Information:

p>Ecological Philosophy of Chinese Folk Houses:

The ecological philosophy of Chinese folk houses is governed by traditional philosophical thoughts, while a great feature of traditional Chinese philosophy is the organic connection and unity of philosophical concepts and ecological concepts. Therefore, the exploration of the ecological spirit of traditional Chinese houses, tracing the roots must also be analyzed and studied from the height of traditional Chinese philosophy.

Philosophy is the science of science, the crystallization of human wisdom. Modern ecological philosophy of the proposed history is not long, but in the philosophy of ecological concepts are integrated in the ancient oriental cultural system represented by China, but has long been clear with such ideas.

Ancient China has long recognized that man and nature are an inseparable whole, China's "unity of man and nature" philosophical concept is the generalization and summary of this understanding." The "unity of mankind" is the most important basic concept of ancient Chinese philosophy.

Here, "heaven" is the all-encompassing nature, which is the object; "man" is the human being born with heaven and earth***, which is the subject. The unity of heaven and man is the integration of the subject into the object, forming the fundamental unity of the two

The relationship between heaven, earth, and man is an organic cycle and metabolism of the whole system. Dr. Joseph Lee of the United Kingdom gave a high evaluation to this organic holistic view of heaven, earth and man in ancient China, saying that "China has developed an organic philosophy of the universe".

Baidu Encyclopedia - Folk Houses