A complete collection of detailed explanations of light carving

Guangdiao, the abbreviation of Guangfu Sculpture, refers to the carving process and its products with Lingnan traditional cultural characteristics represented by Guangzhou. The most famous of the wide carvings are tooth carving, jade carving and wood carving. Carving art has a long history in China, which can be divided into tooth carving, jade carving, wood carving, stone carving, brick carving and bone carving.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Guangfu Sculpture mbth: Caantonese Sculpture Scope: Tooth carving, jade carving, wood carving, olive carving and tooth carving in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province According to historical records, China's tooth carving technology has a history of more than 3,000 years, and Guangzhou's tooth carving appeared a little later than the Central Plains, starting from the Jin Dynasty and also has a history of more than 2,000 years. Among the cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Nanyue King in the Western Han Dynasty, there is a bundle of five large ivory, the largest of which is 126 cm long. According to identification, the origin of ivory is Africa, and it may have been shipped through the Maritime Silk Road. In addition, carved elephants, ivory figurines and residual tooth carvings have been unearthed. It can be seen that these ivory carvings are imported raw materials. If the identification is true, the history of Guangzhou tooth carving will be greatly promoted. In the past, people in Lingnan, especially those in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta, regarded ivory as an auspicious thing. It is believed that it can "ward off evil spirits and eliminate filth". The tooth carving introduced here refers to ivory carving. Guangzhou's ivory carving flourished in the late Ming Dynasty, and gradually became a famous specialty of Guangzhou through the development of past dynasties. Before liberation, all ivory carvings in Guangzhou were operated by individual workshops, mainly on Daxin Road. After liberation, Guangzhou * * * organized these small workshops to set up "Daxin Tooth Carving Craft Factory" in order to carry out research and development in an organized and planned way, and to improve and develop the art of tooth carving in Guangzhou. Since then, the skill of tooth carving has made remarkable progress and the production scale has also expanded. Guangzhou's tooth carvings are rich in national color and exquisite Lingnan style. They take Lingnan landscapes such as flowers, stones, dragon boats, pagodas and crab cages as themes and are good at unique hollowing-out techniques. Among them, it is famous for carving ivory balls and painting boats, especially for its beautifully carved multi-layer ivory balls. Sculptors use a complete piece of ivory material to hollow out spheres of various specifications and levels. The smallest ivory ball has only two or three layers, and the largest has 40 layers. Each floor is engraved with various patterns such as dragons, phoenixes and flowers, which can be rotated flexibly. The 20-layer ivory ball carved by Guangzhou tooth carving artists won the special craft award as early as 19 15 Panama International Expo. Up to now, the number of ivory ball carvings in Guangzhou has reached 45. The museum is also a famous Guangzhou tooth carving work. The hull of the flower boat is shaped like a dragon. There are 2-7 floors of pavilions on board, with as many as 3000 people, flags, lights and so on. It is vivid and spectacular. In addition, there are whole tooth carvings carved from whole ivory, fishermen casting nets, crab cages, ancient ladies and so on. Guangzhou ivory micro carving is also famous all over the country. In the early 1930s, Feng Gongxia, a famous micro-sculpture artist in Guangzhou, carved the full text of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's will with the word 154 on an ivory rice grain as big as a rice grain. He also carved a 25,000-word manifesto on a 64-page ivory piece. His son Feng is also a master of micro-carving. He inherited his father's skill and carved eighteen lifelike arhats on a grain of ivory rice. These exquisite micro-carving works represent the highest level of ivory micro-carving in Guangzhou, which is amazing. In 1980s, due to the global wildlife conservation movement, elephants were banned from hunting as protected wild animals. According to international regulations, no country can sell ivory and ivory products, and China strictly abides by this regulation. In this case, Guangzhou's tooth carving technology, especially the ivory carving industry, has been severely hit, so we have to choose other materials to replace it and reluctantly continue this traditional craft. The 45-story ivory balls, pavilions and large flower boats have become unprecedented artistic treasures and unique products in the world. Jade carving Guangzhou people think that jade, like ivory, can ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters, so they especially like jade and regard it as a treasure. Most of the handsome men and beautiful women on the streets of Guangzhou have jade carvings (jade pendants) around their necks and jade rings or bracelets on their hands. 1983, a large number of jades were unearthed from the tomb of Nanyue king, including jade walls, jade boxes, silk clothes, jade seals, Yu Pei, jade horn cups, etc. 130 kinds of "rare treasures of Han jade". These exquisite works and decorations are carefully carved, with wonderful ideas and exquisite craftsmanship. This shows that the jade carving technology in Guangzhou has reached a quite high level in the Western Han Dynasty. The jade carving technology in Guangzhou flourished in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, with a history of more than 1000 years. Guangzhou jade carving art inherited the tradition of colorful jade in Song Dynasty, created the stunt of "color preservation", and showed the true colors of the original jade, which was particularly exquisite. By the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty (1early 9th century), Guangzhou jade carving craft manufacturing industry had become a market, and there was a jade industrial and commercial guild organization. Guangzhou jade carving artists learn from jade carving skills from all over the world, learn from others, and combine Guangzhou tooth carving skills to create their own styles in varieties, techniques and materials. The raw materials of Guangzhou jade carving are mostly selected from the "South Jade" of Xinyi in western Guangdong. Xinyi jade is grass green, translucent and has many natural markings. After polishing, it is crystal clear and unique. Guang Chuan jade carving products are divided into two categories: first, ornaments and furnishings. The first batch of ornaments included jade bracelets, rings, earrings, jade pendants and jade ornaments inlaid with gold, silver and precious stones. The furnishings include traditional flowers, figures, birds and animals, bottles and jars, jade balls, flower boats, pagodas and other high-end handicrafts with unique styles. Among them, the bronze jade ball is the product of Guangzhou jade carving artists to overcome the high hardness and difficult processing of jade. This jade ball has a unique concept and exquisite shape, reaching as many as 20 floors. The big ball covers the small ball with uniform thickness, and each layer can rotate freely. When it is gently shaken in its hand, it will hear the crisp sound of jade, and the ball is also engraved with flowers, flowers, figures, insects, fish, flowers and birds. , are vivid and vivid. One of the 18-story double lion balls won the National Science Conference Award of 1978. Southern thin-walled jade bowl and jade carving small tea set are also fine jade carvings in Guangzhou, which are the treasures of jade carving art in China. Woodcarving China's woodcarving technology has a long history as other carving techniques. Woodcarving appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and has been enduring and developing continuously through the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Guangzhou woodcarving is one of the traditional carving techniques in Guangzhou. Together with Beijing woodcarving and Jiangsu woodcarving, it has formed three major schools of woodcarving art in China. Guangzhou woodcarving is famous for its combination of semi-stereoscopic through carving, full-screen carving and multi-level carving. Chenjia Temple, built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, concentrated the essence of woodcarving art, especially the golden lacquer woodcarving pavilion and incense burner cover in Chaozhou dialect of Qing Dynasty, which reflected the unique style of exquisite woodcarving technology in Guangzhou. The famous carving technology of Guangzhou mahogany furniture originated from Guangzhou woodcarving technology. Olive carving with olive core, referred to as olive carving for short, is made of olive core produced in Guangdong. Guangdong Zengcheng, Panyu, Zhongshan and other places are rich in olives, and the olive core in Xintang, Zengcheng County is the best olive carving material, which is suitable for carving olive core boats. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, monks in monasteries sold olive carved boats to pilgrims to show the meaning of "Purdue". According to textual research, olive carving has been circulated in Xintang for more than 300 years and is a tribute of Qing Dynasty. In the fourth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1854), the artist Zhan Gusheng (also known as Jusheng) of Xintang Township created a He Lan boat named Su Dongpo's Night Tour of Chibi Boat. The craftsmanship is exquisite, and the carved figures are different and lifelike. There is a table in the boat and three people are sitting around the box. There is also a buddhist nun who cooks tea. There is a boatswain at the helm, and there are eight bay windows on both sides of the ship that can be opened and closed. The small chain at the bow is also carved with olive cores, interlocking, and the bottom of the boat is engraved with the full text of Su Dongcheng's "Thousand Red Cliffs Fu" ***537 words. This olive carving is still preserved in Zengcheng Cultural Center. At present, the variety of olive carving products has increased from three to more than 50, such as multilayer flower boat, carved crab cage, fishing boat with net, hanging palace lantern, flower tower, ancient tripod, chess and so on. Many new products were well received at exhibitions at home and abroad.