What are the methods of warehouse layout decision?

First, the rational layout method of the warehouse cargo area

The layout of warehouse cargo area refers to the reasonable arrangement and layout of various components of the warehouse, such as storage area, tally area, distribution and stocking area, passage and auxiliary operation area, within the prescribed scope according to the conditions of warehouse site, the nature and scale of warehouse business, the requirements of material storage and the performance and use characteristics of technical equipment, so as to maximize the storage capacity and operation capacity of the warehouse and reduce the cost of various warehousing operations.

The layout and planning of warehouse cargo area is the objective need of warehousing business and warehouse management, and its rationality directly affects the efficiency of all work and the safety of stored materials. Therefore, when building a new warehouse, we should not only pay attention to the reasonable layout of the warehouse cargo area, but also pay attention to the necessary transformation of the old warehouse with the progress of technology and the change of management.

Second, the basic form of warehouse cargo area layout

On the one hand, the purpose of cargo area layout is to improve the utilization rate of warehouse plane and space, on the other hand, it is to improve the quality of cargo storage and facilitate the operation of warehousing, thus reducing the cost of cargo storage and disposal.

1. Basic idea of cargo area layout

(1) Store goods in different regions according to their characteristics, and store goods with similar characteristics in a centralized way;

(2) Store items with large unit volume and mass at the bottom of the shelf and close to the storage area and passage;

(3) Store the articles with high turnover rate in the most convenient place for warehousing;

(4) Store the goods of the same supplier or customer in a centralized way to facilitate sorting and distribution operations.

2. The form of cargo area layout

The layout of warehouse cargo area is divided into plane layout and space layout.

(1) plane layout

Plane layout refers to the reasonable planning of cargo stacks, passages, stack spacing, receiving and dispatching areas, etc. In the cargo area, correctly handle their relative positions. The forms of plane layout can be summarized as vertical and inclined.

1) Vertical arrangement means that the arrangement of goods stacks or shelves is vertical or parallel to the side wall of the warehouse, including horizontal arrangement, vertical arrangement and vertical and horizontal arrangement.

A horizontal arrangement means that the length direction of goods stacking or shelves is perpendicular to the side wall of the warehouse. The main advantages of this layout are: the main channel is long and wide, and the auxiliary channel is short and neat and beautiful, which is convenient for access and inspection. If it is used in warehouse layout, it is also conducive to ventilation and lighting.

B. In-line arrangement means that the length direction of goods stacking or shelves is parallel to the side wall of the warehouse. The main advantage of this layout is that goods can be arranged according to the different time and frequency of inventory in the warehouse: goods with short time in the warehouse and frequent access are placed on both sides of the main channel; Items that have been stored in the warehouse for a long time and are not often put into storage are put in it.

C. Vertical and horizontal layout means that there are both horizontal and vertical layouts in the same storage place, and the advantages of the two layouts can be comprehensively utilized.

2) Inclined arrangement means that the stack or frame forms an included angle of 60, 45 or 30 with the warehouse side wall or main channel. Specifically, it includes the inclined layout of the stack and the inclined layout of the passage.

A. The inclined layout of the cargo stack is a variant of the horizontal layout. The inclined layout is adopted to facilitate the operation of the forklift, reduce the turning angle of the forklift and improve the working efficiency.

B oblique passage arrangement means that the passage of the warehouse obliquely passes through the storage area, and the warehouse is divided into storage areas with different operation characteristics, such as large storage and small storage, for comprehensive utilization. This layout in the warehouse is more complicated, with more storage space and access paths.

(2) Spatial layout

Spatial layout refers to the layout of inventory items in the three-dimensional space of the warehouse, and its purpose is to make full and effective use of the warehouse space. The main forms of spatial layout are: ground stacking, shelf storage, platform addition, air suspension, etc.

Among them, the use of shelves to store items has many advantages, which can be summarized as follows:

1) It is convenient to make full use of warehouse space, improve the utilization rate of storage capacity and expand storage capacity;

2) The complementary extrusion of goods in the shelf is beneficial to ensure that the goods themselves and their packaging are intact;

3) Items on each floor of the shelf can be freely accessed at any time, which is convenient for FIFO;

4) The goods stored in the shelves can be moisture-proof and dustproof, and some special shelves can also play the role of preventing damage, theft and destruction.