What is the aesthetic thought of Courbet's painting? (Mainly talking about the characteristics of French realistic painting.

The word "realism" appeared in the field of philosophy as early as1early in the 9th century, but it was not until 1836 that the reporter Prenzi used this term that the artistic foundation of realism was established, and it became a clear-cut "ism" in the forties and fifties of19th century. Realism requires a correct, complete and faithful description of the current social environment. For example, painters such as Courbet used realistic techniques to describe peasants and laborers who were not paid much attention at that time, and the ideas they represented just ran counter to academic ideas, which became a revolutionary pioneering work.

Courbet was born in June of 18 19 in the southern French town of Onan. He is a great French realistic artist in the19th century and is called "the father of realism". He advocates that art should be "for life and for the people". In the history of western art, there may never be an artist who makes a hullabaloo about like him and "makes trouble" everywhere. Courbet's paintings are sincere. He said, "I hope to make a living from my art forever, never deviate from my principles, never violate my conscience for a moment, and never draw anything just to please people and sell it easily." He used canvas to expose his personal experience to the world in a simple and practical way. The credibility of the information conveyed by his paintings is far better than that of general pictures that only describe rural customs in words.

1855 The Paris World Expo is of great significance in the history of art. The art exhibitions at the Expo brought together almost all the French art elites at that time, and one of them, Courbet, considered his "most important" painting, was rejected. Unwilling, he set up a shed opposite the official exhibition hall to display more than 50 of his works and named it "Realistic Art Exhibition". Although the exhibition was not successful, it brought "realism" into art history.

French emperor Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte visited the art exhibition in the salon. Facing 1853 Courbet's painting A Woman in the Bath, he felt a kind of "vulgarity", so he took a whip from his entourage and severely whipped the painting. This rude behavior has aroused great social repercussions, and of course it has also brought news communication reaction to Courbet's oil paintings. French salons advocate elegant nude paintings and portraits of ladies with posturing like Anger, but how can a pudgy, well-built peasant woman painted by Courbet produce aesthetic feeling? Courbet's realism is unacceptable not only to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, but also to some famous critics or contemporary friends. Raymond Neil said he was a "fool who completely flattered the poor boy"; The poet Baudelaire called him a "sectarian" and a "genius killer". Merimee compared her nude image (that is, a woman taking a bath) with the savage who eats human flesh in New Zealand. What's more, some people gathered around the exhibition in Courbet and shouted the slogan "Down with Courbet". From the French Revolution in 1789 to the "Constitutional Movement" in 1848, in the Parisian painting world, either the interest of the official academic school was satisfied. Chen Xiangyin's style was to stop expecting the reality and immerse the art in his own fantasy world, such as Courbet's paintings which were critical of the reality, such as his Mr. Courbet. (1855), Crusher (1849), Woman Sieving Wheat (1854), etc. It is impossible to adapt to the interest of the salon public. This new idea of showing life to the viewer and presenting the original meaning of life has never been expressed in art before in France.

Ignorance of Courbet's art is a temporary phenomenon in history. Gustav Courbet was born into a vineyard owner's family in the Franche-Conte mountain area in eastern France. He was gifted and outstanding in appearance since he was a child. He is arrogant, pretentious and generous. Become a leader who is convinced by friends of the same age. Many of his self-portraits, such as Courbet with a pipe, Courbet with a black dog, and Courbet in a large allegory studio, all have such temperament. 184 1 year, his father sent him to Paris to study law, but he decided to be a painter and study at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts and the Besancon Academy of Fine Arts. Among the ancient masters, he appreciated the skills of the Spanish painter Velá zquez in the17th century and copied many works of Velá zquez collected in the Louvre. 1844, his self-portrait "Courbet with a Black Dog" was accepted by the French Art Annual Exhibition hosted by the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, when he was only 25 years old. Francastel, a French art historian, believes that Courbet is outstanding in appearance, gifted, always bent on his own way and very confident. The painter was aggressive and easy-going when he was young. This angular character is not contradictory. When he laughs heartily, it makes people feel kind, but once he becomes pretentious, his tone makes his best friend shudder. Even Casta Yang, a friend who later became Courbet's asylum, satirized him in the article 1857: "Courbet mocked himself, mocked others, mocked his art ... As a landscape painter, he was just a painter who observed nature through the window of a small restaurant." French painting has a long tradition of realism, which developed in the middle of19th century, forming a trend, and Courbet is the representative of this trend. Courbet does not paint religious legends and fairy tales, but only real social life. He said, "I think painting is essentially a figurative art, which can only describe real and existing things." In his works and manifestos, he established the principle of taking the truth of life as the basis of creation, resolutely opposed the traditional and hypocritical official art, and Courbet became the founder of realistic painting in the middle of19th century.

His famous works include Crusher and Masons. The Gravel Worker mainly depicts two poor laborers, which is rare in western European paintings in the past. His other masterpiece, The Funeral of Onan, has more than 40 life-size portraits. These two works describing ordinary farmers are completely different from the idealized neoclassicism or romanticism works. They neither whitewash life nor beautify reality, but boldly reflect the truth of life. At the end of 1854, he began to create a huge oil painting "Studio", which is a metaphor for his artistic career. There are people from all walks of life in the painting. Courbet himself is making a landscape painting in the middle, with a nude model standing behind him. It took him only six weeks to finish this masterpiece. Courbet regarded the working peasants and other laborers as heroes, created a real image in the picture, and enthusiastically praised this poor and ordinary life. Influenced by the revolutionary thinker proudhon and the poet Baudelaire, Courbet took an active part in the revolutionary movement in French society in 1848. 1872, Courbet once again joined the Paris commune movement. After the failure of the Paris Commune, Courbet was arrested and imprisoned. Courbet wore a beret and a red tie painted in prison, which showed his style at that time. 1873, Courbet was released from prison on bail by a friend, then went into exile in Switzerland, and died in Lausanne, Switzerland on February 3 1877. Courbet's major works in his life include Return from the Meeting, Waves, Cliff after the Storm, Deer in Spring, Pierre Joseph Planton, Madame Planton and so on. Realism in painting appeared as early as17th century in the works of Dutch small painting school. But as far as its aesthetic characteristics are concerned, Dutch painters pay more attention to expressing humorous and happy interests in life to cater to the tastes of emerging citizens. Courbet realism is the product of the further development of French monopoly capitalism in the mid-Kloc-0/9th century.

French critics believe: "Without Courbet, there would be no Manet; Without MANET, there would be no impressionism. " Courbet's discovery of ordinary beauty and simple external lighting techniques in life had an important influence on later young painters, which proved that this assertion was conclusive.

/u/4a046d790 10005qi