Who knows what Taoism means?

In the Western Zhou Dynasty and the early Spring and Autumn Period, the "scholar" in the literature mainly refers to the lower nobility. "Zuo Zhuan" in the second year of Huan Gong: "There are two doctors in the side room, and the scholars have Li." Mandarin amp#8226; Yu Jin: "Public food tribute, doctor food market, scholar food field, Shu Ren food work, industrial and commercial food official." It is enough to show that this scholar belongs to the lower nobility. The so-called "scholars eat land" means that scholars enjoy land, which is different from the nature of Shu Ren's land industry. The Western Zhou Dynasty is no match for Shu Ren. The Book of Rites records in detail the system of famous events of the pre-Qin philosophers, and its five articles, such as ritual, stupefaction, ritual, funeral, etc., are all entitled "Shi". Yao Jiheng pointed out: "In fact, in terms of more doctors, it is for the people under the cover, for the gentleman doctors in the world, and the scholars live among them." This also shows from one side that the scholar is a low-level aristocratic class under the doctor and above Shu Ren. As an aristocrat, a scholar should have some special knowledge necessary for aristocrats at that time. The subjects of study are the so-called "six arts": ceremony, music, shooting, imperial art, calligraphy and mathematics. Gu Jiegang thinks that ancient scholars are all warriors, and their knowledge "is ostensibly etiquette and entertainment, and its main function is the training of war." Therefore, among the six arts, only books and numbers are the special ears for governing the people. It is right to emphasize that the training of scholars is mainly about shooting and defending, but it seems that the training of rites and music is superficial, and the view that "only books and numbers are the only tools to govern the people" seems difficult to establish. As a junior aristocrat, the training of rites and music is also necessary knowledge for governing the country and the people. Mandarin amp#8226; Zhou Yu: "The son of heaven listens to politics and makes officials and ministers present poems to the secretary." Rites amp#8226; Wang Zhi said: "I would like to engage in history, shooting, imperial examinations, medicine, divination and all kinds of work. Those who hold skills and focus on things will do nothing, will not move their posts, and will not be despised by scholars when they leave their hometown. " A scholar is a scholar because his position is higher than that of "those who are good at things, such as making vows, history, archery, bending, medical skills, divination and all kinds of work", and his cultural accomplishment is far from the latter, except because he belongs to the lower nobility. If you only know how to shoot and don't know how to count, you are not a qualified taxi driver. In ancient China, a certain social stratum with a certain status later evolved into a general term for intellectuals. At first, it may refer to the samurai who belonged to the same clan as clan and tribal leaders and dignitaries at the end of primitive society. After entering the class society, they became a part of the ruling class. Because ancient learning was in the government, only the children of nobles above scholars had cultural knowledge, so scholars became the names of people with certain knowledge and skills. . During the Spring and Autumn Period, countries fought endlessly, the role of infantry increased, the role of chariots and warriors decreased, and the status of scholars changed. In order to expand their influence and consolidate their position, some big officials tried their best to attract scholars to show off, and many scholars took refuge in them. There are also some scholars who go to funerals as gifts, or run businesses to solve economic difficulties; Others give private lectures and impart cultural knowledge. Since then, a number of taxis specializing in cultural activities have appeared in the history of China. They traveled around the world with active thoughts, and made great contributions to the emergence of a hundred schools of thought in China's ancient academic field and the development of cultural science. During the Warring States period, the war of hegemony and merger became more intense, so the constantly turbulent lobbyists came into being. They travel between countries and act as lobbyists, and strategists are their representatives. At this time, the wind of cultivating scholars in various countries is also very popular. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the connotation of scholar changed further. Scholars, when called scholar-officials, can refer to soldiers in the army, often collectively referred to as officials serving in the central government and counties; Known as a scholar, it generally refers to intellectuals with high feudal cultural literacy and engaged in spiritual and cultural activities. In the Han dynasty, scholars attached great importance to their fame (that is, personality, integrity and academic ability). Once they become celebrities, the utilitarian position will follow, so scholars become interested in their hearts. , cultivate one's morality, set up a family, govern the country, level the world and abide by feudal laws and regulations; Or make friends with glitz, make friends with friends, brag about each other, and seek fame and reputation. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, discussion words were very popular among scholars. . This kind of personal problem belongs to the folk scope. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jiupin Zheng Zhi was founded. The right to judge scholars was returned to the government. People who are judged by Zhongzheng are given different grades (native products) according to their virtue and family values, and then awarded various official positions. A person who has not been appraised by Chiang Kai-shek may not be an official. So scholars have the meaning of a certain class. The opposition between scholars and ordinary people is gradually emerging. All officials with nine grades or above, those who win the first place in authentic products are all scholars, otherwise they are ordinary. Among the scholars, there is also a family, which can be an official by virtue of its parents and grandparents, and an official from generation to generation, especially for the gentry. The gentry reached its peak in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and declined in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the gentry gradually withdrew from the historical stage, but the concept of the gentry as a specific class still existed. After the Song Dynasty, the word "scholar" or "scholar" has gradually become a general term for ordinary scholars, and no longer refers to some of the biographies of quality officials and Qin Lun: nbsp counselors: Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Doukhi; Nbsp photograph: Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen, Zhao Liu, Lou Slow, Zhai Jing; Nbsp Will: Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Tian Ji, Lian Po, Yue Qingqi; Nbsp Confucianism is represented by Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. Works: Confucius, Mencius, Xunzinbsp Taoism, representatives: Laozi and Zhuangzi. Works: Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi nbsp Mohist school, represented by Mozi. Works: Mozi nbsp Legalist, representative figures: Han Fei, Li Si. Works: Everything nbsp Wrong.nbsp Famous artists and representatives: Deng, Hui Shi, Gong Sunlong, Huan Tuan. The main speech was spread in the original post of the concept of war; & gt