What is the handicraft industry that still exists in Zhejiang, and what is its present situation?

On the Cultural Dilemma of Traditional Handicrafts from the Investigation of She Ribbon in Zhejiang Province

She nationality is mainly distributed in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui and Guangdong provinces. It is an ancient nationality with many excellent cultural heritages. However, as the only autonomous county of She nationality in China, Zhejiang Province is a relatively developed area in China. With the rapid development of commodity economy and the acceleration of urbanization, emerging industries are impacting the local traditional rural handicrafts. As a product of farming culture-traditional handicraft of She nationality-ribbon, what is the situation under this background? Does anyone still weave ribbons now? Does she still use ribbons? What national information and spiritual content does the ribbon convey, and what is the interpretation of the above words? Will this important intangible cultural heritage of She nationality gradually disappear in the process of national development, thus losing historical memory?

Ribbon, also known as towel, as a daily necessities of She nationality, initially had simple and practical functions. With the way of life and work of She nationality, ribbons are mainly used as clothing belts, belts, backpack belts, belts, belts and sheath belts. "At that time, they were mainly worn at work, such as belts for chopping wood, picking tea and cooking, and sometimes they were used as scabbard belts for men ..." In the local area, she people would explain this to us. On the other hand, ribbon is a symbol. When a man and a woman are engaged, no matter what the man gives, the woman will give back a ribbon she knitted. "A long ribbon for Langziqun. The colored thread is woven by both hands, and the ribbon is peptide. Butterflies cock in pairs with ribbons tied around their waists. ..... "Song of Ribbon" expresses the She people's unswerving desire for love. Therefore, when she women were five or six years old, they began to learn to weave ribbons from their mothers or grandmothers. They would weave beautiful prayers tightly into ribbons. The fineness of ribbon weaving is a measure of whether a woman is skilled or not. It can be seen that it not only reflects a folk custom, but also confirms the inherent quality of ribbon makers. At the same time, through the changes of the words woven on the ribbon, we can see the changes of different times and the spiritual pursuit of She people in different times. For example, in feudal society, most of the words on the ribbon were woven with auspicious words such as number one scholar, number two, exploring flowers, longevity without borders, prosperity with flowers, century-old harmony and prosperity in five generations. After the founding of New China, it was intertwined with good socialism, defending the country, aiding Korea and increasing production. Now, they are intertwined with good weather, peace and prosperity, and the names of 56 ethnic groups. The change of weaving content reflects that the nature of ribbon changes with the development of the times.

Ribbons are mainly divided into flower ribbons and word ribbons. Other ribbons woven by beginners without decorative patterns are called "straight willows". Flower ribbons generally weave simple auspicious patterns in the middle of ribbons, while word ribbons weave fine words as decoration. Because the font changes are complex, it is difficult to weave. The wider the size of the part woven with words, the more difficult it is. Although there are also areas where Han and other ethnic minorities weave ribbons, most of them are ribbons, that is, they are woven alternately, and the process is relatively simple. The process of weaving characters into ribbons by She nationality is extremely rare in the traditional handicrafts of other nationalities. This unique writing weaving makes the ribbon of the She nationality have strong national cultural characteristics, and because of its long history, it provides valuable information for people to understand the She nationality and its development. In the ribbon, there are some characters woven with many hieroglyphs, which are called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" by the locals, and there is another explanation. For example, "positive" means start, "work" means smooth, "◇" means pregnancy and so on. In fact, it is a symbol like a text, and there is not much coherence between the two. In ancient times, most she women had few opportunities to receive cultural education, so they did not have strong writing ability. And the ribbons they weave in their leisure time are mostly imitating Chinese characters, hoping to pin their blessings. Some simple Chinese characters have meanings. For example, "Tian" means she people have the meaning of farming, "Jing" means water to drink, and "Feng" means abundant crops.

The traditional ribbon decoration part is interwoven with black and white, simple and simple, with sharp contrast and clear decoration at a glance. The two sides are supplemented by symmetrical colored warps, which are colorful and give the ribbon a beautiful and lively feeling. The reason why the traditional ribbon is mainly black and white is related to the fact that the She nationality mainly used indigo as the raw material at that time. For the working people, black is the most practical color because it is durable and easy to clean. Now, artificial dyes have replaced natural dyes. Even when weaving ribbons, use the bought colored cotton thread directly. All colors are freely mixed and interwoven, and the colors are rich and gorgeous, breaking the traditional tone matching. This is not only the result of the development of industrial civilization, but also the improvement of people's living standards, the change of national cultural psychology and folk customs, and the tendency to yearn for a beautiful and colorful life.

The inheritance of ribbon weaving technology depends entirely on the word of mouth of the weavers. If there is no new generation of inheritance, then the ribbon technology will be lost with the passing of the older generation of artists. Under the current social and economic development mode, the ribbon that once condensed such rich cultural connotations of the She nationality can hardly be woven due to some extremely objective reasons, and its craft is on the verge of extinction. In other ethnic groups, similar traditional handicrafts are on the verge of extinction, which has to attract our attention and attention. As an important intangible cultural heritage accompanying a nation's development, it maintains deep national feelings, is the memory of national historical symbols and the crystallization of ancestors' wisdom. For this traditional national handicraft, we need to protect it from a long-term perspective. We can't just treat it with a pragmatic and utilitarian mentality, and we can't let it die in the hands of our generation.