What are the folk customs in China? Besides Chinese weddings, what else is there besides Chinese hosts?

When a woman is pregnant, the Han people usually call it "Youxi".

The second day after the child was born, it was the "Three Dynasties". After a child is born, most of them close their eyes until three dynasties (that is, three days) or after three dynasties. According to the old custom, children should see their father first, then their mother and other relatives and friends to show their eternal filial piety to their parents. At this time, relatives and friends who come to visit often send gifts such as eggs, brown sugar and children's clothes to congratulate them. Among them, the red egg is called "red egg", which is also called "happy egg" because it is a festive occasion.

The full moon is called "Mi Yue". The old custom is to give children a haircut, commonly known as "shaving their heads", and hold a banquet to celebrate. In some places, the eighth day of the fourth lunar month is designated as the "haircut" day for newborns. Modern Han people regard the child's full moon as a common occurrence, but in some places, rural areas still attach great importance to it, and often invite full moon wine.

One year old is the most solemn day since a child was born. It is an ancient custom to test a child's future when he is one year old. The method is to put a bow and arrow pen for men, a knife, ruler, needle basket for women, all kinds of food and clothes on the table, and let the children do it themselves. The winner is the symbol of their future. Modern Han people generally pay more attention to their children's first birthday. Whether in urban or rural areas, they usually take pictures of their children, make new clothes and eat eggs and noodles to congratulate them. Some families with better economic conditions will also hold birthday parties to entertain relatives and friends. There is also the custom of keeping jiaozi for one year in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. This kind of zongzi is wrapped longer than ordinary zongzi, which means that children will grow up soon.

Sacrifice.

The most obvious examples are Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival and Cold Clothes Festival. These three festivals were originally called "Ghost Festival" because they are based on ancestor worship and are mainly used to worship ancestors and ghosts. Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping means remembering ancestors and encouraging future generations. The Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Orchid Festival, has the custom of setting off river lanterns to save the lonely and taking care of ghosts. On the Cold Clothes Festival, people burn paper clothes in front of their ancestors' graves.

Worship dragons and phoenixes.

The worship of dragons and phoenixes of Han people also occupies a very important position in folk customs. Because of the folk superstition that dragons can walk through the clouds and rain, the Longwang Temple, like the land temple and ancestral temple, is spread all over the Han people, praying for the dragon god to reconcile the wind and rain, and the grain will be abundant. In the dry season, people often hold a ceremony to pray for the dragon rain. At the same time, the people also worship Longshan, regarding a mountain in front of the village, at the entrance to the village or behind the village as Longshan, regarding the vegetation on the mountain as Longlin, and regarding the mountain as Long Mai, all of which are sacred objects, and cutting and destruction are prohibited. In some rural areas, in order to get a bumper harvest of grain, the dragon welcoming ceremony is held in the first month of each year, which is still popular today.

Han people's worship of dragons and phoenixes has penetrated into every field of life and formed a series of special traditional customs. Dragon lanterns are played on the Lantern Festival, dragon boat races are held on the Dragon Boat Festival, and dragon dances, phoenix dances and phoenix lanterns are performed on festive days. There is the image of phoenix dance in Nanyang Han Dynasty portrait brick. During the Spring Festival, some rural folk artists in eastern China hold colorful phoenix lanterns and sing hymns to congratulate each family. More interestingly, the Han people also have the custom of taking the phoenix as a symbol of love.

The ornamentation of dragon and phoenix images can be found in painting, arts and crafts, sculpture, architectural decoration and folk literature creation. From the artistic images of dragons and phoenixes, people can directly feel the temperament of Han traditional culture and the psychological quality of the nation. Therefore, dragon and phoenix ornamentation has become a symbol of traditional Chinese culture.

Funeral custom

The old tradition of Han funeral is to pay attention to heavy burial, which is mixed with many superstitious customs. Coffin burial has been popular in Han nationality since ancient times, and the funeral is grand and divided into three stages: burial, burial and burial. ?

The funeral is to dress the body and put it under the coffin. Before people die, they should summon spirits and bathe the dead. Funeral is divided into two steps: small funeral and large funeral. A small undertaker is a cloth used to wrap his body, silk is for the rich and jade is for the royal family. Great-coat is to put the body in the coffin. Coffins are called "longevity materials", male coffins are engraved with the word "longevity", female coffins are engraved with the word "blessing", and some coffins are engraved with the combination of the words "Fu Lushou". When he was dying, he put rice in the mouth of the dead man. This rich family owns jade, pearls, etc. , the royal family contains jade, modern silver, are called "rice". When you die, there are often some things buried with you. Generally, people have clothes, quilts and daily necessities, and wealthy families and royalty will have many valuable items buried with them.

A funeral is to stay in the funeral palace after the funeral. The mourning period varies from 3 days to 30 days, mainly depending on the mourners. In ancient times, coffins were buried for three months, up to seven months. According to the traditional customs of the Han nationality, children should mourn when their parents die, otherwise it is unfilial. Relatives and friends will mourn and pay homage to the deceased in the future, which is called "mourning" or "condolence". All mourners should mourn. In ancient times, the mourning clothes of Han nationality were divided into five types: Wei, Cui Zi, Dagong, Hong Xiao and Zhima, which were called "five clothes". They are made of coarse linen and fine linen, and wear different mourning clothes according to the relationship between relatives and friends, which is called "Pima Dai Xiao". In modern times, white cloth is often used for mourning. Modern cities generally wear white flowers on their chests and black gauze on their arms.

Burying is burying the body of the dead, that is, burying the coffin. Before burial, the old custom often depends on geomantic omen and chooses a cemetery, which is called "choosing good luck". Funeral is also called funeral. At the funeral, the ancient Han people were generally "dutiful sons", and undertaker sang an elegy. Elegy has evolved into elegy in modern times. Relatives and friends wrote elegiac couplets or funeral elegiac couplets, which evolved into wreaths of elegiac couplets in modern times.

In ancient times, the custom of offering sacrifices to people (mainly close relatives, near ministers and near servants, which remained until the Qing Dynasty) was gradually replaced by pottery figurines, and in modern times, paper figures were buried with them.

After the funeral, there are memorial ceremonies for the seventh, seventh, centenary and anniversary, and the memorial tablet belongs to the ancestral hall, which has changed from a ceremony for people at the funeral to a ceremony for "ghosts" and "ancestors".

In addition, the Han nationality also has the custom of "returning to burial", that is, transporting the bodies that died in other places back to their original places.

During the funeral, the relatives of the deceased should wear mourning clothes and wake in the mourning hall. In the ancient etiquette system of China, filial piety was divided into five grades according to the kinship with the deceased. There is also a word "five clothes" in modern Chinese to express the distance of blood relationship. Filial piety is made of white cloth, which is quite different from the custom of westerners wearing white clothes to make dresses. In the Qing Dynasty, an Englishman came to China for the first time. When he met the funeral procession, everyone was dressed in white, but his expression was painful, sad and strange. In ancient times, people sang elegies at funerals, and Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty, wrote three elegies for himself before his death. The elegy of later generations evolved from the elegy of ancient times.

The scale of the funeral ceremony is closely related to the status of the deceased. In feudal society, there were strict regulations on funeral ceremonies for people with different identities and status. Princes, nobles and rich people often show off their power with large-scale funerals. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Qin Keqing died in Ningguo Mansion with a coffin worth several thousand taels of silver. Two or three hundred monks chanted, and the procession at the funeral was "mighty and unstoppable". The poor don't even have enough food and clothing, so naturally there is no "reburial". Sometimes you can only wrap the body with a mat and bury it hastily.

After the death of the elder, children and grandchildren should stay at home for 27 months, during which time they should stop socializing and entertaining. Officials also have to leave their jobs and go home to be filial, which is called "keeping the system."