What tools are used in surveying and mapping projects?

Tools have a broad sense (and surveying and mapping related to a variety of theoretical knowledge and practical instrumentation) and a narrow sense (instruments and a variety of instrumentation accessories, etc.).

Surveying and mapping project outside the use of instruments and accessories: rangefinder, total station (supporting prism rod, prism, base, etc.), latitude and longitude, leveling (supporting the ruler pad, leveling ruler), GPS (Global Positioning System receivers), flower rod, measuring brazier, steel ruler, ruler, tripod, prisms, etc. Drawing and writing reports used: triangle board, ruler, protractor, trigonometric scales, Pencils, colored pens, polyester film, sulfuric acid paper, graph paper, printing paper, coordinate grid paper, plotters, printers, large printing presses, binding tools (staplers, punches, paste or glue) and so on. Surveying and mapping project also control points and a variety of measurement signs (steel markers, unusual markers, etc.), tensiometer, thermometer, hygrometer, etc., the latter three are mainly used for steel measuring distance and triangular elevation measurement. Theoretical tools used in surveying and mapping projects are: the principle of coordinate increment, the relationship between elevation and elevation difference, error theory (e.g.: in the error formula, etc.), matrix theory, the principle of scale, projection theory