What are the characteristics of the four major industrial zones in China?

The largest comprehensive industrial base in the country: Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou Industrial Zone (also known as the "Yangtze River Delta"), with Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou as its center cities.

The largest comprehensive industrial base in the north: the Tianjin-Beijing-Tanggu Industrial Zone. The center cities are Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao.

Comprehensive industrial base mainly for heavy industry: Liaozhongnan Industrial Zone, the center cities of which are Shenyang, Dalian and Anshan.

(Tianjin-Beijing-Tangshan Industrial Zone, Liaozhongnan Industrial Zone and Yantai in Shandong are also collectively known as the Bohai Rim Industrial Belt)

Comprehensive industrial base mainly for light industry: Pearl River Delta Industrial Zone, with the center cities including Shenzhen, Guangzhou. Zhuhai, Dongguan. (Pan-Pearl River Delta also includes Hong Kong, Macao)

Shanghai, Ningbo and Hangzhou industrial base. The strongest comprehensive industrial base in China

Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Industrial Base. Comprehensive industrial base in northern China

Liaozhongnan heavy industrial base. The largest heavy industrial base in China

Pearl River Delta industrial base, mainly light industry processing base

Pearl River Delta due to the reform and opening up of the initial period of the generous policy, a large number of electronic and electrical processing and assembly enterprises developed, due to the convenience of transportation, especially according to the Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is closer to the development of incoming material processing to sample processing enterprises particularly rapid, but the region's industrial strength is not very strong. Not very strong.

Shanghai, Ningxia and Hangzhou is the Yangtze River Delta region, which is historically densely populated, highly developed production and life in the region, Southern Jiangsu and Northern Zhejiang relying on Shanghai, China's economic capital, with a broad market and economic hinterland, the transportation is also very convenient, and the Pearl River Delta is closer to the northern region, the market has great potential. Due to the strong comprehensive strength, the development of the region will make the four regions in the fastest.

The Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan industrial base relies heavily on Beijing's many universities, which is a unique advantage in terms of technology, and is rich in minerals, which is conducive to economic development. But environmental problems, especially sandstorms and water shortages, have been constraining development. And the generally low income of the people is an even bigger hindrance.

Liaozhongnan heavy industrial base, heavy industry is more comprehensive, but the structure of the aging, backward management, large enterprises generally long history, heavy burden, is not suitable for the development of the market economy. The region is rich in resources, but the weather factor is a huge constraint.

The so-called heavy industry is the production of the means of production of industry, light industry is the production of the means of subsistence industry, comprehensive industry is the coordinated development of the two. Light industry relative to heavy industry is more closely related to people's lives

Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan

Geographic location is superior. Located in the northern part of China's eastern coastal belt, the northern region of China's maritime gateway, and Japan, North Korea and South Korea, such as convenient contact, with the "Asia-Europe Continental Bridge" at the eastern end of the port of Tianjin, Dalian port, is China's North China, Northeast China's economic core area, the hinterland of the scope of a wide range of almost including half of China.

Rich in natural resources. With iron ore and petroleum resources that account for 40% of the country's proven reserves, as well as large areas of coastal beaches, the natural conditions are favorable.

Agricultural production is solid and developed, basic industrial strength is strong, and the industrial system is complete in all categories, especially the petroleum industry, coal and chemical industry, metallurgical industry, marine chemical industry, and mechanical and electronic industry, which are all very developed, and it is the largest industrial-intensive area in the north of China.

Developed culture and science and technology, high quality of human resources, research and development potential. One-fourth of the nation's institutions of higher learning, one-fourth of the research and development institutions and intelligence and documentation agencies, 17% of the professional and technical personnel of state-owned enterprises and institutions are concentrated in the region, especially Beijing and Tianjin are the most knowledge-intensive regions in the country, which can provide all kinds of senior personnel needed for economic development.

The biggest problem encountered in the economic development of the region is the shortage of water resources and energy, in addition, the lack of vitality of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, the industrial structure of the conversion of the difficult is also the main problems arising from the development of the regional economy. In the future, we should strengthen the construction of agriculture and develop water-saving eco-agriculture; give full play to the advantages of well-developed transportation, concentration of scientific and technological talents and rich steel and petroleum resources, actively develop the automobile, electronic and high-tech industries, improve the technological level and development and innovation capacity of the advantaged industries such as steel, petrochemicals, heavy machinery, etc., and accelerate the development of industrial structure in the direction of knowledge-intensive industries; meanwhile, we should accelerate the construction of infrastructure, and Vigorously develop information, finance, commerce, tourism and other tertiary industries.

The Pearl River Delta (PRD)

Located in the south-central part of Guangdong Province, the Pearl River Delta (PRD), with its vast plains, mild climate, rivers and other favorable natural conditions, is one of the densely populated, urban and economically developed regions in China, and is also the leading edge of China's opening up to the outside world.

The sustained and rapid economic development since the reform and opening up. On the basis of the original better economic foundation, the Pearl River Delta has seen its GDP grow at an average annual rate of 18% from 1981 to 1995, higher than the 14% growth rate in Guangdong and the 12% growth rate in the whole country, making it the fastest-growing economy in the country and the most affluent region in terms of people's livelihood.

The region is located on the southeast coast of China, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macau, and close to Southeast Asia, the geographical location is quite favorable. Such location conditions enable the region to give full play to the advantages of abundant labor force and low land price, accept the proliferation of industries from Hong Kong and Macao in close proximity, and make use of Hong Kong and Macao's trade channels to re-export a large number of export commodities and participate in the extensive international division of labor.

Hot spot for foreign investment. The Pearl River Delta is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, with compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, overseas Chinese have **** the same cultural background and close blood relations. The preferential policies of reform and opening up have attracted a large amount of foreign investment and promoted the development of the region. 1979 to 1995, the actual amount of foreign capital utilized in the Pearl River Delta region accounted for 16% of the country's total, of which Hong Kong and Macao funds accounted for 77%. The entry of foreign capital has also introduced advanced technology, equipment and economic management methods, as well as technological transformation of traditional industries, and the establishment of a number of modern foreign-funded and joint-venture enterprises, which have become an important source of regional economic growth in the region.

China's important light industry base. Now, an industrial system has been formed here with light industry as the mainstay, more developed heavy and chemical industry, more industrial categories, and stronger product competitiveness. Household appliances, consumer electronics, textiles and garments, food and beverages, medicine, toys, watches, bicycles, a variety of daily commodities and other light industry are among the forefront of the country. In particular, the output value of the electronics industry accounted for 20% of the country, has become an important new electronic industrial base.

However, the rapid economic development of the Pearl River Delta has been accompanied by the phenomenon of blind land expropriation, which has led to a massive reduction of arable land and strained soil and water resources; there has also been a tendency to de-emphasize agriculture, which has led to an obvious weakening of basic agriculture; in addition, ecological and environmental problems cannot be ignored. Therefore, in its future development, the Pearl River Delta can take advantage of the return of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao, which is a special favorable condition, to further divide and complement each other with Hong Kong and Macao in the areas of industry, finance, transportation, trade and tourism. While revamping and improving the existing pillar industries such as home appliances, electronics, textiles and pharmaceuticals, and developing new pillar industries, it is necessary to effectively strengthen the protection of arable land and increase agricultural inputs, so as to provide a good foundation for economic development.

The Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai, Ningxia and Hangzhou)

The Yangtze River Delta region refers to a series of large and medium-sized cities with Shanghai as the economic center and Shanghai, Ningxia and Hangzhou as the main body

The region has a superior geographic location and a vast economic hinterland. The region is located in the middle of the coast and the mouth of the Yangtze River, both through maritime transportation with the Northeast, North China, South China and even overseas, but also through inland waterways and account for 1/5 of the country's land area, 1/3 of the population of the Yangtze River Basin within the provinces and cities to communicate, but also through the railroads and the central and western zones of the provinces and cities linked to the economic impact of almost all over the country.

Industrial and agricultural production levels in the country's leading position, is the strongest economic strength of China's economic core area, its area accounts for only 1% of the country, the population accounts for 6% of the country, but the GDP accounted for 15% of the country, occupies a pivotal position in the country. On the one hand, the region has rich natural conditions and a good agricultural foundation, and is known as a high-yield and stable agricultural area, with the overall level of agricultural production 30% to 50% higher than the national average; on the other hand, the region is the largest comprehensive industrial base in China, with textiles, chemical fibers, electrics, electronics, machinery, chemicals, ferrous smelting and calendering, transportation equipment manufacturing, metal products, food, garment processing and many other industries, many of which are among the largest in the country. A variety of industries, many of which account for a large proportion of the country's total output, in addition to microelectronics and electronic information, fine chemicals, new materials, bio-engineering, mechatronics and other high-tech industries already have a certain foundation.

The township industry is developing rapidly. The industrial output value of townships, towns, villages and sub-villages in this region accounts for about 40% of the total value of the same type in the whole country, and the industrial output value of townships in most counties as well as county-level cities has already exceeded 1/2 of the whole industry, and the industry has already accounted for more than 90% of the value of rural industry and agriculture in most counties and cities, which can be seen that the township industry has already become the main pillar of the rural economy. The development of rural industrialization has also promoted the development of rural urbanization, with a full range of towns of various population sizes, making it one of the most urbanized regions in China.

But at present the development of the region is also characterized by a number of urgent problems: the shortage of land resources; the decline in the quality of the regional environment; and the shortage of energy and raw materials. Therefore, the main directions of development in the future are: to strengthen the development of agriculture and consolidate the basic position of agriculture in the national economy; to vigorously carry out the governance of Lake Taihu and protect the environment; to promote technological progress and technological innovation, to transform the traditional industries and accelerate the development of high and new technology industries; to accelerate the development of the tertiary industries, such as finance, insurance, foreign trade, commerce, and so on; and to take advantage of the opening up of the development of the Pudong New Area as a good opportunity to further clarify the role of Shanghai as the The development and opening up of the Pudong New Area is an opportunity to further define Shanghai as the economic core and leading position of the Yangtze River Delta, adjust the industrial structure of Shanghai, and drive the industrial restructuring and economic development of the Yangtze River Delta.