How to write a paper on ancient literary literacy?

Since the reform and opening up, under the influence of the baton of college entrance examination, China's primary education has basically implemented exam-oriented education, ignoring the education of humanistic spirit such as ideology and morality; University higher education mainly pays attention to knowledge transmission, but not enough attention to quality education. Therefore, most students have low humanistic quality and poor practical application ability, which is far from the high-quality talents needed by contemporary society. In particular, the lack of humanistic spirit makes people of insight sigh. For example, some students overemphasize personal freedom, emphasize material utility, lack social responsibility, do not know how to respect others, and live in equality and harmony with others and nature; Some students lack gratitude and honesty, and so on. In view of this, in recent years, people of insight in education have called for and advocated that our education should attach importance to quality education. In recent years, the author has also explored how to implement quality education in ancient university literature. The focus of the author's exploration is how to carry out humanistic spirit education in the teaching of ancient literature in colleges and universities to cultivate and improve students' humanistic quality; How to improve students' innovative practical application ability?

1. Infiltrate humanistic spirit education in the teaching process to cultivate and improve students' humanistic quality.

To carry out quality education for college students, the first thing is to carry out humanistic spirit education. Zhang Chuting's Framework of University Humanistic Spirit holds that: "People's quality is an intrinsic thing formed by internalizing acquired culture (knowledge, experience, information, etc.). In foreign exchanges, the material part of this' thing' is physical quality, and the spiritual part is humanistic quality, so humanistic quality is the main part of quality. " [1] Humanistic quality is the core quality that people play a leading role in the process of socialization, that is, self-improvement. Humanistic spirit is the core of humanistic quality. The all-round development of human beings can not be separated from humanistic spirit, because humanistic spirit is a people-oriented thought and a life attitude that affirms human values, dignity, nature and liberation. This is a rational attitude to pursue the meaning or value of life. It cares about individual self-realization and freedom, equality between people, social harmony and progress, and the unity of man and nature. Humanistic quality determines a person's lifelong development. From this perspective, the education of humanistic spirit should also be the core aspect of humanistic quality education. As we all know, China ancient literature contains extremely rich humanistic spirit. Generally speaking, the humanistic spirit contained in China's ancient literature mainly includes the following aspects: the strong political enthusiasm, the social responsibility of taking the world as their own responsibility and the positive and promising pursuit of life shown by ancient writers in their works; The noble thought of patriotism and love for the people; The ethical spirit of love and filial piety; Worry about the country and the people; The pursuit of independent personal dignity and the resulting cynical critical consciousness; Praise the truth, goodness and beauty in the world, cherish family, friendship and love, and cherish the integrity of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and shame; Advocate the good morality of helping the weak and helping the poor, giving up oneself for others, and repaying kindness, and so on. This provides rich content for the in-depth education of humanistic spirit in ancient literature. How to educate students' humanistic spirit in ancient literature teaching? In my opinion, the following methods should be adopted: first, teachers should choose writers' works containing humanistic spirit to focus on and instill humanistic spirit in students. China ancient literature has a long time span, a large number and rich and complicated contents. According to the needs of quality education, we should choose those works with humanistic spirit and awareness of the times as the teaching focus. If we say pre-Qin literature, we should choose those works that promote benevolence, courtesy, honesty, shame and people-oriented thoughts; When we talk about Jian 'an poems, we can choose writers such as "Three Caos", "Seven Sons" and poetess Cai Yan to reflect the sufferings brought by the war, express deep sympathy, worry about the country and the people, overcome difficulties and eliminate chaos, and make contributions; When it comes to Tang poetry, we should select famous works by writers such as "Four Masters", Chen Ziang, Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi, which show positive enterprising spirit and profoundly reflect social reality. When we talk about Song Ci, we can choose Song people's meticulous appreciation of "emotion" and famous works that show their resistance to gold, sympathy for people's livelihood and desire to make contributions to the country. When it comes to novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties, we can choose The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions, which contain profound thoughts on the future and destiny of the nation and profound experiences of life. Most writers in China's ancient literature shine with the brilliance of humanistic spirit. When teaching their works and introducing their life stories, we should focus on the ideas and stories that can reflect the humanistic spirit. For example, before talking about Qu Yuan's works, we should focus on his loyalty to the country, his persistence in American political ideals, and his unyielding struggle against the wicked in the imperial court. He will never go along with them. He would rather lose his official position than maintain a noble personality. Before we talk about Historical Records, we should focus on the story of Sima Qian who wrote Historical Records in order to realize the value of life and to be imprisoned for the Liling incident, but endured hardships. Before talking about the works of Chen Ziang and Han Yu, we should focus on their deeds of taking risks for the country and the people, criticizing the malpractices and pleading for the people. Before talking about Liu Zongyuan's works, we should focus on his active participation in the "Yongzhen Innovation Movement" to get rid of the disadvantages of the times, liberate slaves, and his friendship with Liu Yuxi when he was demoted to a local official after failure. Before talking about Su Shi's works, we should mainly introduce Su Shi's strong and open-minded attitude towards life after being attacked and persecuted by political enemies, his touching deeds such as leading the people to build water conservancy for the benefit of the people when he was demoted as a local official in Hangzhou, and his unswerving love for his wife and affection for his younger brother. By introducing the touching stories of writers who can embody humanistic spirit, we can instill humanistic spirit into students. Secondly, in the teaching of works, we should creatively explore, explain and activate the rich humanistic connotation value in ancient literary works with contemporary consciousness, so as to make it have a meaningful connection with the real world and transform it into a spiritual nourishment and aesthetic pleasure, so that students can understand the ideological connotation of works in aesthetics and feel the life thinking, life experience, life philosophy and life wisdom contained in works; Let students be touched by their hearts in aesthetic pleasure and nourished by emotional spirit, so as to cultivate and improve humanistic quality. When interpreting works, we should not only explain the original creative motivation and original meaning of the works, but also clarify the intrinsic value of the text and its significance to our reality, so as to narrow the distance between ancient literary works and our real life, arouse students' strong voices and achieve the effect of educating the soul. For example, Su Shi's When Will the Bright Moon Be Bright? The traditional view reflects the ambivalence between Su Shi's birth and his entry into WTO. This view has its own reasons, but after careful consideration, doesn't it vividly imply a universal philosophy of life: the defects of life are absolute, just like "the moon is full of rain and shine, and people have joys and sorrows", and we can't ask that life and the world are perfect, but only in absolute defects. It is precisely because the defects in life are inevitable that people need to care for and comfort each other. Therefore, at the end of his last words, Su Shi made a beautiful wish to people, "I wish them a long life and take Wan Li Road." Through this interpretation, we not only explore the contemporary value of the connotation of ancient literary works, but also mobilize the students' life experience, so that they have a strong inner voice and get spiritual nourishment. Thirdly, in the teaching of ancient literature, teachers should also guide students to establish the attitude of reading for themselves, and intensively read ancient classics with humanistic spirit, so that students can get spiritual care and have a warm spiritual home in reading. It is necessary to guide students to get rid of the idea of reading as a stepping stone to find a job, make reading a living habit and enjoy learning. Reading for oneself, as far as reading classical literature works is concerned, is not simply learning knowledge, what is important is to communicate with ancient sages and sages with your heart. When reading poetry, communicate with the soul of poetry; When reading a text, we should understand Tao, think about Tao, taste the ideological and artistic wine brewed by ancient writers in the process of "reading", so that our soul can be baptized in the feeling of remembering the soul of poetry, examine ourselves, reflect on ourselves, and let our soul be promoted and surpassed. For example, when reading Qu Yuan's poems, we should not only understand the intellectual significance of "vanilla beauty" as an image, but also understand the ideological and cultural significance contained in this image, that is, the pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, justice and noble personality. Through such learning, students can be subtly infected by humanistic spirit, thus improving their spiritual realm and humanistic quality. Fourthly, in the teaching of ancient literature, we should contact the specific phenomenon of students' lack of humanistic quality and carry out humanistic spirit education. For example, the story of Su Qin, Bai Juyi, Song Lian and others trying to learn and realize their ideals in life should be related to the phenomenon that some students are tired of learning and love to play; When talking about Fan Zhongyan's lofty spiritual realm of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", I came into contact with some students who are not more difficult than others in evaluating grants and relief, but write applications and tell lies, issue false certificates, and compete fiercely with others; When telling the story of the virtue of honesty advocated by ancient sages and sages, Wei Sheng, Shui Shui and others were attached to the post and kept their promises, they contacted some students to cheat in the exam and broke the contract casually after signing the contract. In this article, we tell the story that Mo Ling risked "losing his halberd and obeying public servants" to save Zhao Dun and Han Xin and repay the kindness of his floating mother who provided them with food, and tried to contact some students who didn't know how to repay their gratitude after receiving help from others in the country and society. In this article, the author tells the story of Wu Zhao's mother-in-law who swallowed chaff to satisfy her hunger and sent rice and flour to her sick in-laws, and contacted some students with family difficulties. They did not study hard, but spent a lot of hard-earned money from their parents. Practice has proved that it is a simple and effective method to educate students in a targeted way.

Second, change the concept of education, improve teaching methods, and cultivate and improve students' innovation and practical application ability.

The talents needed in the new era should not only have high humanistic quality, but also have extensive knowledge, innovative ability and practical application ability. Only with these two conditions can we become useful talents of the country and society; In order to contribute to the country and society. Cultivating and improving students' innovative ability and practical application ability is also an important aspect of quality education. Then, how to cultivate and improve students' innovative ability and practical application ability in ancient literature teaching and quality education? The author believes that to achieve this goal, teachers must change the traditional teaching concept, improve teaching methods and build a new student-centered teaching model. This teaching mode requires us to carefully guide students to study independently, think independently and learn to learn, so that students can think, explore and discover more actively, give full play to their initiative, enthusiasm and creativity in the learning process, and effectively cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems, as well as their scientific innovation and practical application ability, so as to achieve the goal of learning to become talents. China's ancient literature is extensive and profound, with various contents. Needless to say, it is quite difficult for students to learn this course. It is very important to guide them to independently understand the history of China literature and its development law, explore China literary schools and writers' creations, independently interpret classic works and appreciate China literature and art. To this end, we must run through the idea of taking students as the main body, teaching as the learning service and teaching as the starting point in all teaching links such as teaching design, classroom teaching and after-class counseling. In the teaching process, we should establish an equal and democratic teaching style and style of study, let students play the main role in the teaching process, encourage students to think critically about the teaching content, encourage students to refute teachers who are difficult to teach, dare to question famous teachers and dare to challenge everyone. We should flexibly implement various forms in teaching, extend teaching from in-class to out-of-class, and carry out various learning and practice activities. Through this multi-dimensional teaching mode, we can give full play to students' main role, strengthen students' innovative thinking training, make teaching and learning blend and promote each other, thus stimulating students' innovative consciousness and cultivating students' research ability and practical application ability. How to implement it in the teaching process? In my opinion, it is mainly implemented from the following aspects. First of all, we should attach importance to classroom teaching. Classroom teaching is the most important part of teaching and the key to the success of teaching. In classroom teaching, we must first determine the key content of the lecture. The course of ancient literature in university includes two parts: the history of literature and the selection of works. In the teaching process, we should take the history of literature as the key link and the works as the basis to strengthen text teaching. The teaching reform of ancient literature course should pay attention to the analysis and reading guidance of classic works, and strive to improve students' ability to interpret and appreciate classic literature works. Secondly, we should reform the traditional teaching methods. In specific lectures, we should resolutely abandon the traditional teacher's "cramming", that is, "indoctrination" and "cramming", and use more "heuristic", "inquiry", "information" and "discussion". Teachers should conscientiously implement the principle of inspiring discussion in classroom teaching, and can adopt the methods of linking up the past and the present, comparing vertically and horizontally, skillfully designing suspense, asking and answering questions, guiding interests, and "teaching people to fish" to deepen students' understanding and absorption of new knowledge and consolidate their professional foundation. Secondly, we should pay attention to extracurricular teaching. Extracurricular teaching is the extension and supplement of in-class teaching. Doing a good job in extracurricular teaching is helpful to classroom teaching. For the extracurricular teaching of ancient literature, first, we should do a good job in students' preview before class and reading after class. Before classroom teaching, the teacher should preview the students, give some preview thinking questions, and let the students write "preview homework". Teachers should check their homework before previewing it. On the one hand, students' pre-class preparation lays the foundation for classroom learning, on the other hand, it can improve their self-study ability. The second is to emphasize that students should take reading notes. Reading notes refer to students' abstraction of the text, key points and sentences, or writing down their own reading experience when reading the text carefully. This will help students form the habit of reading with their brains and hands, cultivate a rigorous and realistic style of study, and cultivate and improve their aesthetic ability. Teachers should regularly check and comment on students' reading notes, and can also communicate and discuss in class or after class. In this way, intensive reading can be upgraded to critical reading, which is conducive to cultivating and improving students' aesthetic understanding and ability. Third, pay attention to reading training. Reading poems and articles is not only conducive to improving students' oral expression ability, but also conducive to cultivating students' aesthetic perception and feeling ability. Aesthetic feeling and aesthetic ability are the basis of students' aesthetic quality. Because literature is the art of language, for example, poetry not only conveys meaning through pronunciation, but also embodies its rhythm, sound and emotion through different phonetic combinations; Only by reading aloud can students feel the beauty of rhythm, sound, emotion and rhythm of literary language, trigger their aesthetic association, enter the emotional world of works, and thus produce emotional songs. The fourth is to recite classic ancient poems. Recitation is one of the indispensable means to cultivate and improve students' sense of language, which helps students learn from Chang Xiaodong: excavating traditional cultural nutrition in ancient literature classes in universities and deepening the cultural connotation of quality education; It is helpful to improve students' Putonghua level and oral expression ability, enhance their self-confidence, and thus improve their communicative competence. Reciting, of course, can't be rote, but after understanding and feeling the aesthetic connotation of poetry, recite with emotion. In teaching, students should be assigned specific reciting tasks, the recited articles should be listed and supervised. The forms of examination can be varied. Three or five students can be randomly selected to recite for five minutes in class, or they can be tested several times after class. In order to arouse students' enthusiasm for reciting, we can also hold poetry recitation competitions once or twice each semester to encourage students to recite consciously. Fifth, train students to write scientific research papers and imitate ancient poems. Training students to write scientific research papers and making them apply what they have learned can not only improve their scientific research ability, but also improve their writing ability. Imitation of ancient poetry can not only help students to firmly grasp the knowledge of ancient poetry, but also make them deeply feel the beauty of the rhyme of ancient poetry, thus improving their ability to appreciate ancient poetry and write. These trainings are generally carried out in the third and fourth grades, and the effect is good. Teachers should check and judge students' homework, and let students communicate in class if they are excellent. You can also hold seminars on scientific research papers and reading competitions on ancient poetry creation to stimulate students' writing enthusiasm. Third, we should reform the examination. System and method to reform the examination, we must first reform the examination questions. Teachers should set questions according to the determined teaching objectives and goals, that is, less objective knowledge questions by rote, and more subjective analysis and discussion questions, that is, appreciating works and discussing writers' creative characteristics, so as to focus on students' ability to analyze and solve problems, that is, their practical application ability. The reform of grading system for evaluating students' academic performance means that when calculating students' total course scores, it is necessary to change the previous method of calculating exam scores only once at the end of the term, and include their usual academic achievements in the total score, that is, to grade the homework done by students in their usual study, such as preview, classroom discussion and speech, reading notes, reading, reciting and papers, and count them in the total score calculation. Score both according to a certain proportion. In recent years, we have stipulated that the usual grades account for 30% and the final exam accounts for 70%. This grading can better arouse students' learning enthusiasm and make the learning tasks that students are usually required to complete be implemented, thus improving the teaching quality and achieving the expected teaching effect.