Discussion on several logistics distribution modes of e-commerce

This paper analyzes the important role of logistics in e-commerce, introduces several common distribution modes at present, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several distribution modes and their respective applications, and puts forward some suggestions on the selection of distribution modes. In recent years, with the continuous decline of PC prices, the downward adjustment of Internet usage fees and the continuous acceleration of Internet access, e-commerce has gradually taken root in people's hearts. With the development of online trading, the trading time of commodities has reached the state of "equal to or close to zero" as Marx said. Online trading has brought about a great revolution in commodity trading, which not only shortens the time and speeds up the trading, but also greatly reduces the transaction cost of commercial transactions. Internet-based online transactions are increasingly showing its powerful advantages. Under the background that e-commerce has swept the world and is expected to become the mainstream business form in the new century, e-commerce has promoted the modernization of logistics and the upgrading of logistics technology, and logistics is the cornerstone and guarantee of e-commerce. This makes the professional logistics industry quietly formed and occupies an important position in e-commerce. Due to the late start, low level and imperfect management system of logistics in China, logistics distribution has become an important bottleneck restricting the rapid development of e-commerce in China. Without an efficient, reasonable and smooth logistics system, it is difficult to give full play to the convenient and low-cost consumption advantages of e-commerce. Distribution mode determines the cost and speed of distribution. Through investigation, we know that several common distribution modes at present mainly include post office distribution, self-operated distribution and outsourcing distribution. The first is postal delivery. All sellers use the post office as one of the delivery methods, because the postal service covers a very wide range in China, and every county and city in the country can use it to do business, which is a huge advantage that other logistics methods can't do. Therefore, wherever the postal system can reach, regardless of whether e-commerce companies are not interested in its market prospects, they will provide postal services to this area, because all the delivery costs of mailing will be transferred to consumers, which is only beneficial to enterprises and has no loss. However, the problems of low service quality, slow response, long cycle and slow process in China's postal industry have been difficult to solve. The slow sending speed makes the advantages of online trading fast and convenient not come into play, which hinders a large number of consumers' trust in online trading. Although the delivery speed of EMS meets the requirements of consumers, it is difficult to give full play to the price advantage of online transactions and attract consumers because of the high delivery cost. Therefore, in the future, postal service will become a distribution choice beyond the scope of e-commerce. Self-supporting distribution can provide higher customer value. This model is that the website establishes its own logistics distribution system. There is no third party's participation from the signing of customers' online orders to the final arrival of goods in users' hands. Its general method is to set up storage centers and distribution points in areas with dense netizens. The biggest advantage of the self-built logistics system is to effectively control the operation process of the logistics system, thus enhancing the pertinence of the system to serve customers for enterprises, so the distribution speed and service are very good. In addition, it is conducive to the coordination among various departments within the enterprise and also helps to obtain first-hand market information. At the same time, it can effectively prevent the disclosure of trade secrets. For example, E-commerce Co., Ltd. established by Haier, with an investment of over 1 100 million yuan, has established a relatively complete distribution system based on its strong financial strength and previously formed marketing network, which can provide distribution services for other enterprises while serving Haier. However, for most e-commerce enterprises, the self-built logistics distribution system will disperse the financial, human and material resources within the enterprise, affect the development of its main business, and is not conducive to cultivating its core business. In addition, if the online transaction volume is limited and the distribution fails to reach the scale effect, there will be no economies of scale, the cost of natural distribution will be higher and the profitability of enterprises will be reduced. If the cost of logistics and distribution is too high, e-commerce products are not competitive, and enterprises are not competitive. Furthermore, there is a lack of professional logistics and distribution talents. Many employees who build their own logistics distribution system are mostly redundant or unemployed, and they know nothing about logistics distribution. In order to adapt them to the new working conditions and environment, they need to be retrained, which wastes a lot of resources and can not carry out logistics and distribution smoothly. Therefore, the author believes that e-commerce companies whose sales volume does not reach a certain scale should not choose this scheme for the time being. Outsourcing distribution. The third-party outsourcing distribution model can be established faster than other methods. More professional services can alleviate or even eliminate the concerns of enterprises in logistics and distribution, enable them to concentrate on online goods and reduce the logistics and distribution costs of enterprises, which is very attractive to new online retailers, so the third party is the choice for most online transactions. With the increase of this part of the business, courier companies have sprung up. The four giants of international express delivery, dhl DHL International, fedex FedEx, ups United Parcel Company and Dutch Post tnt, entered the China market one after another, and quickly hoarded their strength to develop their own distribution and transportation networks. China's EMS, SF, Tong Yuan, Shentong and Dayun are not to be outdone. They have developed their own distribution systems and can provide a certain level of electronic distribution services. This mature technology and availability of reliable performance make outsourcing distribution a service. To sum up, the advantages of EMS are the most outlets and the most developed network, while the disadvantages are the worst service, the slowest time and the most expensive cost. The advantage of SF is the most developed network and the highest security in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong. The disadvantage is that there are not many outlets in other regions, which are limited to first-and second-tier cities, and the charges are higher than those of other private express delivery companies. Shunfeng is faster in two places far apart, especially in big cities across the country. The advantage of SF Express is its high speed, but its price is more expensive. If the express mail was sent this morning, the provincial capital cities in China basically guarantee to arrive the next morning. Another advantage of SF Express is that it will deliver goods on time. To be on the safe side, if you find the express mail online, you can ask him to deliver the goods immediately. Shentong's price is cheaper and its coverage is wider. All major cities in the country have coverage, especially Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, which is relatively fast. They all arrived on the same day. The advantage of SF is that its network is particularly developed in the Yangtze River Delta region, and its network is second only to EMS in other parts of the country, and its security is second only to SF, but its charges are lower than SF (referring to long-term contracted customers). As for other courier companies, because the network is limited to a relatively small specific area, it is often necessary to monopolize the express mail that cannot be delivered by their own network to other courier companies, which often leads to the loss of pieces and the time cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, when choosing companies such as Tian Tian, Dayun, Tong Yuan and ZJS, we must be clear about their developed network distribution, even including FedEx. However, UPS and ZJS will take the initiative to inform customers and reject undeliverable parts. Therefore, we put forward some suggestions: for enterprises, we must carefully analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various distribution models and their own situation, and choose the best distribution model.