What is the impact of energy use on the environment?

The impact of the use of energy on the environment:

1. The development and utilization of coal has an adverse impact on the environment.

The process of coal consumption produces a large amount of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, soot and mercury and other pollutants, which is the main cause of air pollution and acid rain. The coal consumption process also emits greenhouse gases, causing global environmental problems. The process of coal mining causes damage to the ecological environment of mines and threatens the habitat of living organisms. These include damage to the ground surface, movement of rock strata, acidic drainage from mines, accumulation of coal gangue, and methane emissions from coal seams.

2, oil and gas exploration and exploitation and processing and utilization of the adverse effects on the environment.

Oil exploration and exploitation of oilfield blowout accidents, oil extraction wastewater, drilling wastewater, well washing wastewater, treatment of artificial water injection of sewage emissions; gas field mining process of stratum water, containing sulfur, halogens, as well as lithium, potassium, bromine, cesium, and other elements, and the main harm is to make the soil salinization; oil and gas fields in the process of extraction of hydrogen sulfide emissions; refining wastewater, exhaust (containing sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbon emissions and so on. , nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter), waste residue (catalyst, adsorbent reaction products) emissions; offshore oil extraction affects the marine ecosystem, oil due to well blowouts, oil spills, offshore oil extraction platforms capsize, tanker accidents and war damage and other causes of the leakage of marine ecosystems have a serious impact on the marine ecosystem; in the transportation industry, motor vehicle exhaust and other causes of atmospheric pollution, the emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, lead and other pollutants; and so on.

3, the adverse effects of hydropower development on the environment.

Hydroelectricity is a relatively clean energy, but its ecological environment still has a variety of negative impacts, mainly in: interception of pollutants caused by the diffusion of weakened ability to affect the self-purification of the water body; flooding of the land, ground facilities and monuments, affecting the natural landscape, especially scenic areas; sediment siltation will make the upstream channel cross-section narrowing, riverbed elevation, the downstream riverbanks were washed away, resulting in changes in the river; change in groundwater flow and direction; change of groundwater flow and direction of the river. ; change the flow and direction of groundwater, raise the groundwater level downstream, cause soil salinization, and even form swamps, leading to the deterioration of environmental health conditions and causing disease epidemics; the construction process of quarrying stone and filling soil, destroying the natural environment; the installation of the floodway flow-change device causes the destruction of aquatic organisms such as fish and intercepts and blocks the migration of fish, etc.; it will change the river depth, water temperature, flow rate, and microclimate of the reservoir area, and will have a negative impact on the aquatic and terrestrial organisms in the reservoir area; may induce earthquakes; small hydropower plants also emit some greenhouse gases into the biosphere (especially methane due to the decay of biomass in the reservoir); and so on.

4. The environmental impact of nuclear energy development and utilization.

The impact of nuclear energy on the environment comes mainly from two stages: nuclear fuel production and post-radiation fuel disposal. Since human beings are in the midst of natural radioactive radiation from various sources whenever and wherever they are, the radioactive contamination of the fuel production process is usually light and generally does not constitute a serious hazard. But after all, it is harmful to the human body, so it must still be paid full attention.

5, renewable energy development and utilization of environmental impact of the adverse effects.

Renewable energy development and utilization of traditional fossil energy on the whole, more clean and safe, but the development and utilization of renewable energy will still bring some environmental problems. Such as wind energy development, wind machine will produce noise and electromagnetic interference, and negative impact on the landscape and birds, etc.. Solar energy development also produces adverse environmental impacts, mainly by occupying land and affecting the landscape. In addition, the manufacture of photovoltaic cells requires high-purity silicon, which is an energy-intensive product that itself consumes a large amount of energy. Toxic emissions from cadmium-containing photovoltaic cells (CdTe, CIGS) are within safe limits, but the public is still concerned about health hazards. The negative environmental impacts of biomass utilization are mainly the occupation of large amounts of land, which may lead to loss of soil nutrients and erosion, reduction of biodiversity, and increased water consumption. Transportation of biomass by vehicle emits pollutants. In addition, indoor air pollution caused by the traditional utilization of biomass for cooking and heating fuels by rural residents, such as fuelwood and straw, poses a serious health hazard to residents. The environmental impacts of the development and utilization of geothermal resources are mainly thermal pollution of surface water caused by the direct discharge of geothermal water; pollution of water sources and soils by geothermal water containing harmful elements or high salinity; emission of harmful gases, such as CO2 and H2 S, from geothermal water into the atmosphere; and ground subsidence caused by over-exploitation of geothermal water, etc. Ocean energy is a clean energy. Ocean energy is a clean source of energy and does not have a major adverse impact on the environment. But the tidal power station will have a certain impact on the ecological environment of the coastline; wave energy power generation device can play a calm ocean dissipation effect, is conducive to the safety of the ship anchored and slow down the coast by the wave wash, but wave energy power generation device to many aquatic organisms to provide habitat, prompting their reproduction and growth, and may block the power generation device; the heat exchanger of the ocean temperature difference power generation device using ammonia as a working fluid, ammonia may pollute the marine environment; built in the estuary, the heat exchange unit using ammonia as a working fluid, ammonia may pollute the marine environment; the ocean is a clean energy source. The heat exchanger of the ocean temperature difference power generation device uses ammonia as the work mass, and ammonia may pollute the marine environment; the salt difference power generation device built in the estuary, but also to solve the problem of sediment in the river water and the protection of marine organisms.