Briefly describe the characteristics of pen and ink in Chinese painting. It takes about 500 words.

Modeling features

Chinese painting embodies the traditional philosophy and aesthetics of the Chinese nation in terms of observation and understanding, image shaping and expression techniques. In observing and understanding objective things, we adopt the method of seeing the big from the small and seeing the big from the small, and observe and understand objective things in activities, and even directly participate in things, rather than appearing locally or being limited to a fixed point. It permeates people's social consciousness, thus making painting have the cognitive function of "learning to paint after a thousand years of solitude" and the educational function of "warning the world with evil and showing the future with good". Even the purely natural objective images such as landscapes, flowers and birds are consciously related to people's social consciousness and aesthetic feelings in observation, understanding and performance. The combination of interests, lyricism with scenery, and ambition with objects embody China's concept of "harmony between man and nature".

Chinese painting pays attention to conception, conception writing and image thinking, and the unity of subjective and objective artistic images. Modeling is not limited to superficial similarity, but emphasizes "beauty lies between similarity and difference" and "difference". Its image-building aims to convey the expression and emotion of the object and the painter's subjective feelings. Therefore, we can abandon those parts that are not essential or have little connection with image characteristics, and those parts that can reflect the five senses can be portrayed through exaggeration or even deformation. In composition, Chinese painting emphasizes management. It is not based on fixed space or time, but breaks the limitation of time and space in a flexible way. According to the painter's subjective feelings and artistic creation rules, it recombines objects in different time and space to build a space-time realm in the painter's mind. Thus, rain and snow, four seasons, ancient and modern figures can all appear in the same painting. Therefore, in perspective, it is not limited to focus perspective, but adopts multi-point or scattered perspective, moving up and down or left and right, moving back and forth, viewing objects and framing, and managing composition, which has great freedom and flexibility. At the same time, in the composition of a painting, we should pay attention to the contrast between reality and reality, emphasizing "sparse and easy to move" and "airtight", with reality in the virtual and reality in the real. Chinese painting, with its unique pen and ink skills, depicts the shape, skeleton, texture, light and shade and modal charm of objects and images in the form of points, lines and surfaces. The pen and ink here is not only an object, a skill to express feelings, but also a carrier of objects. At the same time, it is a meaningful form, and its traces reflect the interest of China's calligraphy, which has independent aesthetic value. Because it is not very similar to the surface of an object, Chinese painting can use all-black ink, or it can use color or ink color combination to describe the object. Later, the greater the proportion of ink and wash, the ink was divided into five colors, which led to the diversity of ink and wash techniques and the diversity of light and dark tones. However, in Chinese painting with color as the main factor, the emphasis of "color matching with class" is the inherent color of the object, and the color of light source and environment is not important, so it is generally not considered. But for some special needs, sometimes we can boldly use some exaggerated or hypothetical colors. Chinese painting, especially literati painting, emphasizes the homology of painting and calligraphy in creation, and pays attention to the painter's personal character and cultivation. Emphasizing the organic combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing in specific works, expressing the painter's understanding of society, life and art by writing poems and inscriptions on the screen not only plays a role in deepening the theme, but also is an organic part of the screen.

The difference between Chinese painting and western painting

Eastern and western cultures are fundamentally different.

So the performance of art is also different. Perhaps eastern art emphasizes subjectivity, while western art emphasizes objectivity. Oriental art is poetic, while western art is dramatic. Therefore, in painting, Chinese painting emphasizes charm, while western painting emphasizes shape. Compared with the two, there are five differences:

(1) Chinese paintings are full of lines, while western paintings are not obvious. Most lines are not original objects, but the realm used by painters to express two objects. For example, in Chinese painting, an egg-shaped line is drawn to represent a person's face. In fact, there are no such lines around people's faces. This line is the dividing line between face and background. Another example is to draw a ruler line to represent a person's nose. In fact, there is no such line on the nose. This line is the dividing line between nose and face. Another example is landscapes, flowers and so on. There are no lines in the object, but the painter uses lines. The lines in the landscape are specially named "Qiaofa (Qiaofa)

(2) Chinese painting pays attention to artistic conception, while western painting pays attention to perspective. Perspective is the representation of three-dimensional objects on a plane. Western painting strives to be as simple as the real thing, so it pays great attention to perspective. Look at the streets, houses, furniture, utensils and so on in western paintings. The shapes are all right, but they are the same as the real thing. If you describe a corridor, you can show the distance of several feet in inches. If you draw the front of the railway (looking out from the middle of the railway), you can actually express the distance of miles in inches. Chinese painting, on the other hand, is not willing to draw things with obvious three-dimensional sense, such as streets, houses, furniture, utensils, etc., but is willing to write clouds, mountains, trees, waterfalls and so on that look like natural flat objects from a distance. Occasionally describing house objects, without paying attention to perspective, is arbitrary. For example, painting scenes deep in the courtyard, curved corridors and new houses, seems to be seen when flying in mid-air; And I haven't seen it for a while, but it's flying up and down. I've seen it several times. So the hand scroll of Chinese painting, the mountains and rivers stretch for dozens of feet, as if it were seen on the train. Chinese painting stands, mountains and rivers overlap, as if seen in a plane. Because painting and poetry are the same in China, you can paint wherever you want, and you can't be bound by perspective. Therefore, there are sometimes perspective errors in Chinese painting, but this error is not serious. We can't use the rules of western painting to criticize Chinese painting.

Appreciation of Chinese Painting (24 pieces)

(3) Chinese painting does not talk about anatomy, while western figure painting attaches great importance to anatomy. Anatomy is the study of the expression shape of human skeletal muscle. Westerners must learn anatomy before drawing characters. The English name of this anatomy is Anatomy of Art Students, that is, Art Anatomy. So it's not like a physiological anatomist. Physiological anatomy focuses on the structure and function of various parts of the human body, while artistic anatomy focuses on the form of expression. However, remembering the names of bones and muscles and their various abnormal shapes is a difficult study. But western painters must learn. Because western painting pays attention to realism, it must be depicted like a real human body. But China figure painters never needed this knowledge. People in China paint figures only to show the characteristics of their bodies, but they don't talk about the size and proportion of each part of the figure. So the men in Chinese painting look strange, quaint and don't bark. Women are moths, eyebrows, lips and shoulders. These characters will look terrible if you take off their clothes. But this is not only harmless, but also the benefit of Chinese painting. Chinese painting has a strong impression of desire, so it expands the characteristics of the characters, makes men more majestic and women more beautiful, and fully shows the character of the characters. So don't be realistic, use symbolic methods. Do not seek similarity, but God's similarity.

(4) Chinese painting does not emphasize the background, while western painting emphasizes the background. Traditional Chinese painting does not emphasize the background, such as writing plum blossoms, hanging in the air and surrounded by white paper. Write characters, hanging in the air alone, as if riding a cloud. Therefore, the paper of Chinese painting leaves a lot of blank space. A long piece of paper with a vegetable or a stone under it becomes a piece of paper. Western painting is not like this. Everything has a background. For example, it is a thing and its background is a table. The background is people indoors or outdoors. So, all the drawings are filled in, leaving no blank. This difference between Chinese painting and western painting is also due to the difference between realism and vividness. Western painting emphasizes realism, so it is necessary to describe the background. Traditional Chinese painting emphasizes vividness, so Qiang Ming, whose subject matter is trivial and close-up, must be deleted to impress people.

(5) The theme of oriental painting is mainly nature, while the theme of western painting is mainly people. Before the Han Dynasty, Chinese painting also took characters as the main theme. But in the Tang Dynasty, landscape painting became independent. Until today, landscape is often the normal state of Chinese painting. Since the Greek era, man has been the main theme of the West. The religious paintings in the Middle Ages were mostly about the masses. For example, the final judgment, the victory of death, etc., there are countless people in a painting.

The word Chinese painting originated in the Han Dynasty. People in the Han Dynasty thought that China lived in heaven and earth, so he called it China. China's paintings were abbreviated as "Chinese paintings". Mainly refers to scroll paintings painted on silk, rice paper and silk and mounted. Chinese painting is a traditional painting form of Han nationality. It is painted on silk or paper with a brush dipped in water, ink and color. Tools and materials include brush, ink, Chinese painting pigments, rice paper, silk and so on. Themes can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc. And techniques can be divided into figurative and freehand brushwork. Chinese painting embodies the ancients' understanding of nature, society, politics, philosophy, religion, morality, literature and art in content and artistic creation.