Changes and thinking of social customs during the Spring Festival

1February 16: Tail teeth. In the interview, I got the old man's description: "There is a saying that there are sixteen teeth in the second grade in the local area. Every month, the second and sixteenth day of the lunar calendar is the day when the boss (that is, the employer) improves the food for the employees (that is, the employees). 1February 16 is the last dental day of the year. In addition to paying the waiter and inviting him to dinner, the boss has to decide whether to keep his job or not. Some words are not convenient to say directly, and the boss still wraps red envelopes for dinner, just using chopsticks to hint. If the chopstick head rushes in, it means that this person can still stay. Chopsticks rush out, then this person will intentionally not come next year. " Of course, with the changes of society, the scene described by the old man no longer exists today.

1February 20th: "Clear boat" or "chaos". Before the China New Year, the custom of sweeping away bad luck, abandoning the old and welcoming the new was carried out in Xiaoxi Town on this day. The time of clearing ships in other parts of southern Fujian is different, but the content is basically the same. On this day, housewives will take their children to clean every corner of their homes. In addition to the places they usually clean, they will also move furniture and clean the corners. Brush furniture, floors, windows, clean the ceiling with a special broom, and clean up the dust and scale accumulated over the past year. Today, this activity is still maintained, but the author learned in the interview: "In the past, after cleaning, every family would hang a portrait of their ancestors in the class, and put water, tea wine and fresh fruit for sacrifice during the Spring Festival, until after the 20th of the first month." Nowadays, few families worship their ancestors in class for a long time.1February 20 is just a day of thorough cleaning. At this time, Pinghe County has been enveloped by the festive atmosphere. Banners celebrating the Spring Festival are hung in front of all units, and there are more and more commodities related to the Spring Festival in the streets and alleys. Flaming Spring Festival couplets and bright clothes, children have a winter vacation, and adults are gradually relieved at work and ready for the New Year.

1February 24th: Send God (Kitchen God) to heaven. According to folklore, Kitchen God, who has been supervised on earth for a year, returned to heaven today, so every household will set up a mourning hall, offer incense sticks and green tea to Kitchen God, and pray that Kitchen God will report more good things when he goes to heaven. The offerings mainly include candy, biscuits, red oranges (meaning auspicious), cakes, radishes and so on. Today, activities and sacrifices have not changed much.

In the process of festival preparation, besides hygiene and sacrifice, food is naturally indispensable. Now most residents in this county buy fish and other food directly from the market, which is different from the traditional practice. As the folk song says, preparing holiday food was one of the main activities in the past Spring Festival. Here, the holiday customs before the change are recorded as follows:

1February 25th: Fish in the pond. People catch all the fish in the pond as new year's goods to improve their lives. Common silver carp, grass carp, carp and so on.

1February 26th: Han Zixu. On this day, the family went to the market, initially to buy new year's goods and gifts, such as Spring Festival couplets, sugar cane and children's new clothes. There is a folk song in Pinghe County: "Sun sets off firecrackers, the old man wants a black dress, and the daughter-in-law wants pollen", which describes the complicated housework of a family.

1February 27th: Kill wild boar. When the commodity economy is underdeveloped, several families often raise a pig together. When pigs are killed on this day, each family will share the pork equally, and the pork needed for the Spring Festival will be available. Now, housewives will go to the market to buy food for the Spring Festival on this day.

In addition, the feelings, gifts and cultural exchanges between relatives and friends between urban and rural areas were mainly carried out during this period. Relatives and friends in rural areas will send some poultry and agricultural products (winter bamboo shoots, carambola, sugar cane, etc. ) and homemade food (such as rice cakes, rice cakes, etc.). ) as a new year gift. Residents in the town give back New Year pictures, calendars, towels, tea and other items. We come and go, talking about family, talking about the year, and our feelings are expressed and communicated. In Pinghe County, this habit has not changed much.

128 February: the market ends. In the past, this was the last market in a year. People will buy everything they should use during the Spring Festival, such as oil, salt, vegetables, meat and so on. And resume normal supply after the fifth day of the first month. In the interview, the old man said: "Before the fifth day of the first month, only urgent goods such as firecrackers and incense sticks were sold. Even the pharmacy can only open a small crack! At the beginning of one year, someone was sick at home in the middle of the night, but the doctor knocked on the door for a long time and didn't come out. I'm really in a hurry. Things are also much more expensive than usual, sometimes even dozens of times more expensive. " Although there is no shortage of goods now, the shop has been open since the third day of the first month, but the business hours have been shortened. However, people are still used to buying all the non-perishable foods on the 28th, putting new Spring Festival couplets on themselves, going to the barber shop to make up their makeup, and preparing the ingredients needed to make food the next day.

In addition, there is a custom in Pinghe County that debtors will voluntarily pay their debts on the 27th and 28th of the lunar calendar. If they can't repay their debts, they should discuss with their creditors when to repay their debts in the coming year. People who can't pay their debts will go to relatives or friends' houses to hide their debts on New Year's Eve.

1February 29th: Kill chickens and ducks. During the Spring Festival, more important food must be prepared on this day. Including chickens and ducks, spiced miscellaneous vegetables, self-filled sausages, fried dates (traditional homemade holiday food) and so on. Chickens and ducks are indispensable food. The old man said, "Before liberation, it was difficult to feed chickens and ducks due to the limitations of sanitary conditions and breeding techniques, but even the poorest families would try their best to make up a whole chicken. People often replace chickens with geese with higher survival rates. " Today, food is so abundant that people just need to go to the mall to buy it.

On the 29th of the New Year, most of the wanderers who went out to work and study returned to the county seat. In the past, people living in old houses would set up cauldrons to boil hot water in yards and aisles, and set up assembly lines to prepare holiday food. Some people kill poultry and store chicken blood and duck blood; After people soak the killed chickens and ducks in hot water, they sit around and pluck their feathers and tell their stories of the past year. Someone went on to gut the chickens and ducks, take out their internal organs and clean them; Some people cook chickens and ducks, add salt, cool them and hang them in a ventilated place to keep them fresh; Others prepare vegetables, meat, seafood and other foods they need. Family reunion is not only about eating and drinking around the stove on New Year's Eve, but also the division and cooperation of housework can better reflect the attitude of Minnan people towards life and the views of educating their children. With fewer and fewer people living in single-family houses, unit houses have become people's main residences; The market is becoming more and more active, and the scene of family collective labor was rare years ago. Housewives will buy holiday food from the market after slaughter, cleaning or cooking. For small families, this way is cleaner and easier. Families who are far away can sit around drinking tea and chatting, and of course, they rarely experience the fun of working and bickering together as children.

The last few days before the Spring Festival, people spent in the enthusiasm of expectation and the fatigue of labor.

2. Festival ceremonies and activities

130th February: China New Year. After more than ten days of preparation, it's New Year's Eve. Because Minnan people attach great importance to the "color head" and taboo of speaking, adults always give their children a bath before New Year's Eve, and at the same time repeatedly tell them not to talk nonsense, not to swear, but to say good things; Adults seldom scold children during the Spring Festival.

Ask the old people to know: "In the past, there was a ceremony to worship ancestors on the 30 th of the year, or they went to the ancestral temple or worshipped in front of their ancestors. The whole family bowed to their ancestors according to their age. On the one hand, show respect for your ancestors, don't forget your roots, and hope that your ancestors will have spiritual protection to protect your descendants; In addition, when we were young, the concepts of etiquette, the order of respecting the elderly and treating others were all educated and consolidated in such ceremonies. " Now in Pinghe County, people will go to the Earth Temple to worship, set off firecrackers and burn paper money. Before the league year. However, the sight of ancestor worship is rare.

New Year's Eve dinner is very important for China people, and it is no exception in southern Fujian. Different from jiaozi, a family package in the north, Pinghe County has other habits and stresses. Once upon a time, after the "ancestor worship" was completed and the offerings were withdrawn, firecrackers were set off. Every household would prepare a brand-new red mud stove and make a fire with charcoal. The family would sit around the table for dinner and have a warm reunion to express their desire for wealth. At the dinner table, no matter how poor people are, they will try to make up 12 dishes. The spiced vegetables and sausages cooked the day before will be served, and chicken is indispensable. Conditional families should pay attention to the platter: chicken head, chicken tail, chicken wings and chicken feet are indispensable, and the meat in other parts should be packed neatly, just like a complete chicken on the plate. Poor people will put ducks or geese in the shape of whole poultry, and add chicken heads borrowed from neighbors to make a chicken, which is called' gathering chicken heads'. They often have to do their best to preserve the heads of chickens. Borrowed chicken heads should be put in pickle jars after every meal, and then taken out when guests come. "

Now, the habit of cooking stoves has disappeared. With the current living standard, there is no need to "get together". But the habit of setting off firecrackers before meals and keeping chickens and ducks in their original shape at the dinner table has always been retained. Children and adult men set off firecrackers outside, indicating that they began to surround the stove. Housewives put out a whole bowl of rice before dinner and save it for the next day; May also be deliberately cooked more rice, Chinese New Year's Eve can't finish it. This means "spring rice" and "more than a year". The whole family sat at the table, eating, drinking and joking. On this day, children are allowed to drink a little wine and propose a toast to each other. The atmosphere is very warm when the elders pay New Year greetings to the younger generation. Blood clam is a very important dish in the coastal waters of this country. After washing the clams, scald them with freshly boiled water, and you can eat them when they are half cooked. "In the past, clams were rarely thrown away, but placed behind the door and on the ground, commonly known as' clam money'. Kicking clams while walking is a good sign for making big money in the coming year. After the New Year's Eve dinner, the family sat around the hall, and the old man talked about family affairs and genealogy. The old man usually tells his children and grandchildren stories of their ancestors' hard work and good deeds. After dinner, the children gathered outside to set off firecrackers. The adults sat around the table, sipping tea and chatting, and' staying old' until the early hours of the morning, wishing their parents a long life. "Investigators have heard a story from their own family: their ancestors were very poor, working as tenants and renting the land of landlords. On the Dragon Boat Festival, the landlord went home to collect the rent. The master quickly brought zongzi and brown sugar to the landlord, invited the landlord to eat, and begged the landlord to temporarily relieve the debt. When the landlord saw his child eating zongzi dipped in salt in the kitchen, he mistakenly thought that the child was eating sugar, and the tenant deliberately snubbed himself. The landlord was furious and forced the debt even tighter. After paying the rent, the host should educate the children to get ahead and not be oppressed by the tenants. The younger generation really worked hard to make it stronger, and when it came to his children, he bought the land of the declining landlord. This kind of story has been handed down, reminding children to cherish their present life and encouraging the younger generation to continue their struggle.

However, with the popularization of mass communication, the old customs are gradually declining under the impact of modern entertainment methods. On New Year's Eve, the practice of family chat and genealogy of elders has been replaced by watching the Spring Festival Evening. People sit in front of the TV to watch the party after dinner, and there are few opportunities for cultural inheritance activities within the family. The old man said with emotion, "Your parents may not have experienced the holiday habits I mentioned, but you may have a little impression. You don't even know how to spend the Spring Festival. You don't have to wait until the Spring Festival to eat and play. You usually have it. Maybe just go home and have a rest and visit relatives. Now don't talk about traditional etiquette and family traditions, these habits are getting weaker and weaker. "

At midnight, firecrackers and fireworks exploded in Pinghe County, lighting up the whole night sky. The new year is coming in the smoke and firecrackers, and people who keep the year have gone to rest. Since Pinghe County has no regulations prohibiting the setting off of fireworks and firecrackers, this custom has continued to this day.

The first day of the first month: the old custom stipulates that you should get up early on this day. Especially when you are a family member, you need to travel from Yin Shi to Shi Mao (3 am to 7 am), that is, to respect heaven, god and ancestors, wish your family peace and good luck in the new year, and then set off firecrackers to welcome the first day of the new year. Because people stay up late watching TV on New Year's Eve, the custom of getting up early on New Year's Day and "burning incense before going to bed at midnight" has gradually changed to going to bed in the morning. The old man is quite dissatisfied with this phenomenon. "Nowadays, people live very well. I used to sleep until noon on the first day, so I had to get up early to be popular. I got up early this year, I have to be diligent and make a lot of money. "

At breakfast, the old custom stipulates eating "long-year dishes", that is, cooking the whole dish with salt water. People think that vegetarianism on the first morning of the first day can protect you from the rain when you are away for a year. This habit continues to this day.

After dinner, adults and children put on new clothes and pay New Year greetings to relatives and friends. Children often get "red envelopes" (lucky money). When the elders give red envelopes, they wish their children good health, obedience, learning progress and so on. In addition to thanking, children will also say some words of blessing when receiving red envelopes. Although there is no regulation, the two families who give and receive red envelopes must keep a balance with each other, that is, the parents who receive red envelopes should give each other's children about the same amount of red envelopes. Therefore, the amount of red envelopes is not necessarily, depending on the economic level of the two families, but the amount must be even. In addition, there is a custom that young people who have participated in work or have a successful career give red envelopes to the elderly. It still exists, but the object and scope have changed.

On the second day of the first month, there is a custom of "son-in-law's day" in most parts of southern Fujian, that is, married women bring their husbands and children back to their parents' homes to pay New Year greetings. There is a local folk song: "On the second and third day of the first month, there are filial daughters, and on the second and third days, there are unfilial daughters who bear the burden", that is, the filial daughter takes her husband as a guest to return to her parents' home and pay a New Year call to her parents. The unfilial daughter didn't return to her family until the fifteenth day of the first month. Daughters who have been married for one or two years must prepare eight kinds of gifts when they return to their parents' home: chicken, duck, pork, sausage, red oranges, steamed cakes, cigarettes and wine. The mother-in-law received a large part of the gift from the "son-in-law" and cut half the chickens and ducks for her son-in-law. The Yue family set a table of dining tables for the new son-in-law, and the seating and dishes have rules. The new son-in-law and daughter should sit in the "big position" (important position) on the second day of junior high school, and there should be chickens and heads of chickens on the table. When visiting, the son-in-law and daughter should give their parents red envelopes. If it is a daughter who has been married for several years and has children, she will still go back to her parents' home on the second and third day of the first month. In the morning, the daughter's family will visit the Yue family and bring some gifts (not very strict). The husband's family will also give a banquet to the son-in-law's family, but there is no requirement for seating. Daughter and son-in-law give parents red envelopes; My father-in-law has a red envelope for his grandson and will go home at dusk. However, different families seldom visit each other on this day so as not to disturb the reunion atmosphere of others. Today, this custom is still maintained.

The third day of the first month, commonly known as "Red Dog Day", is an unlucky day. People seldom visit and don't like having guests. After waking up, I picked up the broom that hadn't moved at home for several days to sweep the floor. In Luxi Township, there is also the custom of throwing away brooms and garbage together, which is called "Sending the Poor Day". There are not many customs about this day. In fact, after more than ten days of preparation and two days of carnival climax, people need time to rest and relax from the stomach to the spirit, and gradually need to transition from the festive atmosphere to work and daily life.

On the fourth day of the first month, people have to get up early again, and people take back the kitchen god who has rested in the sky for ten days, and the process of sacrifice and worship has not changed much.

On the fifth day, commonly known as "separation", daily life and labor began to get on the right track, and farmers began to prepare for spring ploughing.

In the following days, there were no specific regulations on folk customs. In the interview, I learned: "From liberation to the 1970s, there will be lantern riddles, storytelling, ball games and other cultural and sports activities in the first month, all of which are held by the people. College students will also organize some cultural activities, such as drama performances, to spread civilized ideas when they go home on holiday. This kind of activity has gradually disappeared in the last decade. In recent years, people spend more time watching TV and surfing the Internet, and are less enthusiastic about the communication between specific groups.

But now in rural areas, the habit of holding symposiums is still retained. Most of the participants in the forum are local people who go out to start businesses and have successful studies. At the meeting, the host will commend advanced people who have worked hard, and those who have certain financial resources will also donate to public welfare undertakings, such as repairing bridges and ancestral temples, in return for the villagers. The main purpose of these symposiums is to encourage villagers to continue to work hard and create a more progressive and civilized life. "

The ninth day is "God's birthday", and every household prepares rice cakes, fruits and green tea for worship. According to the old custom, worship should be held at four or five o'clock in the morning. There are fresh fruits, flowers, fried dates, vegetarian dishes, green tea and other offerings on the table. The housewife filled the tea three times, burned paper money to worship heaven after the worship, and set off firecrackers to show the end of the ceremony. The whole process takes about half an hour. But now people are more likely to accept the habit of going to bed after worshipping God in the early hours of the ninth day. At midnight, the firecrackers were very concentrated. Everyone tacitly adjusted their busy time together and then went to sleep peacefully.

After the ninth day, people who work and study in other places will gradually return to their posts, and the residents of the county will gradually enter their daily lives with peace of mind. However, the traditional China New Year is not over yet. On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, Minnan is called "off-year".

The information obtained from the interview: "In the past, on the fifteenth day of the first month, all ancestral halls were decorated with lanterns, and newlyweds or newlyweds were responsible for lighting the ancestral halls." It is rare to see such a practice in Pinghe County, but you can see much richer entertainment activities than New Year's Eve. Red lanterns are hung at the door of every household, and there are activities such as dragon dance, lion dance and dragon dance art in the county. There is not much difference between dragon and lion dancing and the common dragon and lion teams. I don't need to say anything more here. The dragon and lion team will go into the alley and perform in front of every household. Every household, the people will set off firecrackers to greet them and give "red envelopes" to the young men of the Dragon and Lion Team.

Dragon Art is a unique folk entertainment project in Pinghe County, and the expenses are generally borne by the towns with better economic conditions in the county. Each section of the "Dragon" uses wooden blocks to build a base and ceiling, and a bamboo chair is placed on the base for people to sit on; There are wooden sticks on both sides of the base that can be carried on the shoulders; The shed is covered with plastic film. The whole "dragon body" is decorated with plastic flowers, ribbons and colored lights. In each section, there is a four-or five-year-old child dressed as an ancient gifted scholar and beautiful woman sitting inside, holding a small umbrella and wearing heavy makeup. At seven o'clock at midnight, the young man was walking on the street of the county seat with Long Yi on his back. The dragon lights are flashing and the children are exquisitely dressed. Wherever he goes, there is always a landscape full of people. In the drizzle of midnight snack, lanterns on roadside trees, lanterns on dragons, and fireworks and firecrackers set off by street residents are colorful, and Dragon Art pushes the Spring Festival activities to a climax.

In recent years, the county government has organized enterprises and institutions in the county to set up stalls and scaffolding on the main streets and hold lantern riddles. Men, women and children come out together after dinner, stroll from one booth to another, play games after solve riddles on the lanterns, and chat while watching fireworks; And each unit will prepare some toothpaste, shampoo, soap, stationery and other prizes for the winners. Residents are active from the food and noise of the past, and in the new year, they go out to see people and scenery, clean up their mood, and prepare to devote themselves to life and work.

The twentieth day of the first month is commonly known as "Tianchuan". "Legend has it that Nuwa tried to repair this stone on this day. People eat sweet gizzards and salty rice to make up for it. Women dress up and go through the field, which is actually an outing. " The traditional Spring Festival activities also officially ended today, and New Year's life has come.

An independent cultural region has its own material and cultural characteristics, but it is also in a broader national cultural background and still has the basic characteristics of the whole national culture. As a cultural region, Minnan has formed a lifestyle different from other places for a long time due to the influence of regional conditions. These differences are also clearly reflected in festivals, such as the above-mentioned festival activities, various folk customs and taboos. However, in the basic attitude towards life, Minnan also embodies the characteristics of the Chinese nation. For example, as can be seen from the above description, in the second half of the Spring Festival holiday, there are activities such as offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, ancestor worship, family reunion, family education, New Year greetings, entertainment and leisure. These activities, as well as the customs and taboos contained in them, reflect the social and psychological characteristics of the Chinese nation, such as looking forward to the future, seeking good fortune and avoiding evil, being diligent and doing good deeds, and family reunion. However, from the above description, we can easily see that the whole process of the Spring Festival is facing changes, many components of traditional festivals are being dissolved, and people's lifestyles are also changing from different aspects.

Second, festival culture and cultural changes

Anthropological research shows that there is almost no difference in the physical characteristics of life in different parts of the world, but the culture is quite different. Obviously, culture is constantly changing, and change is an eternal phenomenon in all cultures and social systems, and the study of cultural change has also become a major topic of concern. Today, with drastic changes in social and material aspects, areas and traditional cultures that were less impacted by modern civilization in the past have also entered a more dramatic process of change.

1, cultural changes and their causes

Different schools of anthropology and sociology have different explanations for cultural changes and their causes, but most agree that changes may come from the discovery, invention and long-term variation within the culture, or from external contact, dissemination and connotation. Among them, American sociologist William? Foldin? Ogburn believes that most social changes are caused by material and cultural changes, especially scientific and technological changes; Once the material culture changes, the system culture of intangible culture, that is, values, norms and significance, social structure, etc. , also changed. Clyde M. Woods believes that changes are generally caused by changes in social and cultural environment or natural environment, in which social and cultural environment refers to people, culture and society; The natural environment refers to the specific ecological environment, including natural and artificial. When changes in the environment are conducive to new modes of thinking and behavior, the preconditions for social and cultural changes are met. Culture is a whole, and changes in one part of the cultural system usually lead to corresponding changes in other parts. The change of material and the different requirements of life style will lead to the traditional culture being increasingly involved in the modern world and increasingly alienated from the traditional social, economic and folk beliefs.

The natural environment in southern Fujian has not changed much, but the social environment has changed greatly with the development of economy and society. This paper holds that the change of social and cultural environment is the main factor that causes cultural changes. Specifically, during the Spring Festival in southern Fujian, the natural environment and products as the basis of life changed little. People have inherited the overall framework of traditional concepts and holiday customs, such as the time arrangement of holiday activities and the composition of holiday food, and most of their life concepts can still meet the requirements of the material environment in southern Fujian. In addition, from the perspective of cultural identity, people don't want to destroy the long-used lifestyle in this area, so that they can't recognize it. Therefore, taboos and folk beliefs with local characteristics have continued and are still playing a role today. However, at the operational level of holiday customs, some habits that are not suitable for modern economic model and material production have been abandoned, such as the custom of "tail teeth" and the arrangement of holiday food preparation. Because of the great conflict with the modern time schedule, some strict and complicated procedures in traditional activities are omitted or modified to adapt to the gradually accelerated pace of life and the prevailing mentality of quick decision, such as "eating incense in the morning" and the habit of setting off firecrackers in the early hours of the ninth day. Modern factors have not completely replaced traditional habits. People make choices according to their own social life needs, sometimes adjust traditional behavior habits to adapt to modern life, and sometimes add modern technology to traditional operations, so culture is changing in such interaction. In the process of this change, individuals have shifted from the traditional lifestyle to a more complex, technologically advanced and rapidly changing lifestyle.

However, cultural change is a complex process, and the content and method of change depend on different situations, so it is difficult to simply summarize it with a certain theory. Therefore, as for the reasons of cultural changes, in modern society, with the changes of social structure and function, traditional culture needs to be adjusted internally to adapt to the changes of material and technological environment, and needs to be coordinated with the changes of social systems such as modern social economy and politics. In this sense, the Spring Festival, as a part of the traditional social spirit, cannot escape the erosion of the tide of change. In addition, with the flow of population, the development of modern transportation and the spread of mass media, the cultures and lifestyles of various modern societies are in contact with traditional cultures, and then replace, supplement and assimilate each other. Modern life and traditional culture are in the process of interaction and mutual influence.

2. Cultural change and its influence on social life.

Festivals are an integral part of culture and also reflect the characteristics of social culture. Whether it is the life order of a region, or people's behavior characteristics and social psychology, it can be shown in festivals. It can be said that festivals, as carriers of culture, have unique internal structure, cultural characteristics and social functions, and are also people's lifestyles. The traditional festival Spring Festival is undergoing a "continuous" change. The contrast between the old and new cultures makes us clearly see the dynamic process of its change and the time regularity of different cultural factors in the change.

Traditional agricultural production takes "Year" as the cycle, and the Spring Festival is a festival of traditional agricultural society in China, which is in the slack season, during which people have rest, consumption and sacrifice. The Spring Festival has played a role in regulating production and life and expressing feelings. In the traditional Spring Festival holiday process, people mainly arrange all aspects of material life and festival cultural activities by family and clan, and the family's functions of rest, education and entertainment are more obviously exerted. In addition, traditional festival customs also include a series of activities and ceremonies to inherit culture, such as ancestor worship, deity worship, urban-rural communication, collective labor and other activities in the preparatory stage of the festival, which make traditional culture and values (such as attaching importance to family ties and respecting labor, etc.). ) was affirmed and passed down in ceremonial festivals, in which members of society were brought into traditional culture. However, with the impact of economic and social development and modernization on traditional festivals, traditional festivals have changed in form and content, and affected people's lifestyles. This is very obvious at the investigation site. First of all, the opportunities for family communication in the past were replaced by modern mass media, and the traditional cultural education in the process was also reduced; Secondly, with the popularization of modern school education, the influence of traditional ideas on social members has gradually weakened, and people's awareness and behavior of cultural inheritance have gradually weakened; The change of the above concept is reflected in the actual action, that is, the traditional part of holiday customs is gradually declining. The interaction between ideas and actual behaviors makes the core parts of traditional culture, such as attaching importance to family structure and order, enterprising spirit and determination to achieve goals, gradually lose in the cycle. Of course, this paper emphasizes the external stimulating factors that cause the changes of festival culture (such as economic and social development, especially the development of modern transportation, the popularization of mass media, the popularization of standardized education and so on). ), while acknowledging that the internal development of culture leads to changes, as well as the internal integration and adjustment mechanism of cultural changes.

However, the decline of traditional leisure lifestyle and the change of traditional culture do not necessarily mean people's adaptation to modern life. On the contrary, it means that pre-existing patterns must be changed, or people must adopt a new way of life formed by community people who have been influenced by modernization earlier and spent a long time. For example, the residents in the survey imitated the lifestyle of Xiamen, Zhangzhou and other urban residents in the southern Fujian cultural region, especially the arrangement of holiday activities during the Spring Festival and the way to express their feelings and beliefs. In the process of investigation, it is found that under the condition that the new cultural lifestyle has not been established, social members are not adapted to the vacancy of cultural life and people blindly choose leisure and consumption methods. For example, during the Spring Festival, the forms of interactive communication between county residents decreased significantly, and people were no longer keen on family communication and various cultural and sports activities. In the past three or four years, during the Spring Festival, the phenomenon of adults betting on Mark Six Lottery and children playing computer games in Internet cafes has been increasing, which makes us rethink the social function of traditional festivals and the lack of social psychology in the process of traditional cultural changes. The change of lifestyle reflected by the change of festival culture makes us realize that with the disintegration of the old culture, a new culture more suitable for regions and people has not yet been established, and this cultural gap cannot meet the needs of modern society and residents, so it is increasingly necessary to seek a feasible alternative system.

Traditional culture may become the resistance of modernization or the driving force of modernization, and the key lies in the attitude of social members to both. The national spirit contained in traditional culture, the sense of social identity caused by traditional culture and the cohesive effect on the whole society, that is, the core part of culture, have long provided power for social stability and development, and they also need guidance in the process of modernization to make it play a role. When the society is in the transition period, it is necessary to reinterpret and transform people's lifestyle to adapt to the development of material, system and culture. Understanding the changes of economic base, political system and cultural form in society, scientifically guiding people's lifestyle and making the whole social system develop in a balanced way are exactly the problems that researchers need to think about repeatedly in the face of cultural changes.