What did the original paper look like? Who invented paper? Understand the evolution of paper through what process, briefly write some of the

Evolution in the front, followed by random Ancient books

The form of Chinese writing and its evolution

1, the primitive way of remembering things used by the ancient primitive people are: knotted rope, woodcuts, drawings, as well as in the artifacts on the scratch engraving, used to help memory, exchange of ideas.

2. With the repeated use of some symbols and the accumulation of experience in the use of primitive methods of writing, writing was born.

Writing appeared around 4,500 years ago.

3. There are six books of Chinese character formation methods and laws: hieroglyphics, referents, huiyi, xingyin, transcription, and pseudo-borrowing. Among them, the "指事" refers to the use of dots and scratches to point out the action, state or position of a person or an object, which is a kind of abstract depiction; the "会意" refers to the combination of two or more existing characters to express new meanings. More than 80% of modern Chinese characters are form-sound characters.

4. Evolution of Chinese character forms: The initial process of creating characters was a process of observing objects and taking images.

5. Chinese characters were developed from pictorial characters, and the history of the development of Chinese characters is the history of the gradual degradation of the pictorial characters' pictorial and figurative features.

This degradation was not intended to develop Chinese characters into a bunch of purely hypothetical symbols, but rather to make the ideographic function of Chinese characters better suited to the development of language and thought. The process of development of Chinese characters over thousands of years has been a process of continuous improvement of their innate pictographic and ideographic functions.

6. The core of the logical framework of Chinese characters is ideograms. In the continuous improvement of the ideographic function of Chinese characters, the structural form of Chinese characters has undergone great changes both at the ephemeral and ****temporal levels. At the ephemeral level, the cultural form of Chinese characters has undergone a transmutation process of constant symbolization.

7. Oracle Bone Script: It is the script of the Shang Dynasty, which belongs to the more mature Chinese script, possessing a variety of character-making methods such as hieroglyphs and references, and using a large number of pseudo-references; however, it still retains the traces of all kinds of pictorial scripts; in comparison with pictorial scripts, the part of its hieroglyphic characters has already been linearized, outlined, and characterized; in particular, it develops the ideogram function of Chinese characters by using the reciprocal annotation of form and sound, which enables Chinese characters to adapt to a large number of new concepts, new ideas, and new features in daily communication. The formation of a large number of new concepts and phrases in daily communication.

8. Jinwen is the script of the Zhou Dynasty. Its structure is not very different from that of the oracle bone inscriptions.

9. During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods, various local powers and local cultures made all sorts of modifications to the Chinese characters, either by dividing them, complicating them or simplifying them, but the course of the development of the Chinese characters was not interrupted, and there was a tendency for the Qin system of characters, which was the mainstream of the development of the Chinese characters, to be straightened and stroked.

10. After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, the small seal script was simplified, the shape of characters was fixed, the number of variant characters was reduced, and the combined characters were eliminated.

11. Scribe script was conceived at the time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, and its creation was a drastic change in the form of Chinese characters. LiShu also greatly simplified the shape of Chinese characters. Of course, the official script did not change the nature of the pictorial representation of Chinese characters, but only simplified this means.

12. Only when the characters are easy to write can they be better adapted to the needs of social development; the urgent hope for the reform of the characters comes from the lower classes of the people.

13. The Regular Script was conceived at the end of the Han Dynasty and during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

1, expository questions: the evolution of the form of Chinese characters. (Include points 4, 5, 6. Plus: The process of development of Chinese characters over thousands of years is the process of continuous improvement of their innate pictorial and ideographic functions. Many scripts in the world have gone through the stage of pictograms, and then mostly embarked on the development of phonetic symbols with letters as linguistic symbols. However, Chinese characters have developed and preserved their cultural form of pictorial representation)

Section III: The Evolution of the Forms of Books in Ancient China

1. Jincheng refers to the inscriptions engraved on copper vessels, which is one of the earliest forms of books. The content of the inscriptions was mainly to proclaim the merits and virtues of the Zhou kings and to record important events.

2. Shiqi refers to inscriptions carved in stone. The earliest surviving stone inscriptions are the stone drum inscriptions of the Spring and Autumn Period, the contents of which are all four-character poems.

The biggest book function of the stone carving is the carving of the stone scriptures, which started during the reign of Emperor Pingdi of the Han Dynasty, and has been carried out in all subsequent generations. The main function is to proofread the classics. After the Tang Dynasty, this function tends to weaken.

3, Jane policy, is another form of books in ancient times. Jane is a piece of bamboo, the policy is to use the cowhide or line will be more than one piece of bamboo books.

4, silk book produced at the turn of the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, silk is a kind of silk fabric. It was widely used in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

5, paper, as early as the early Western Han Dynasty was invented, expanding production is in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun improved, after the promotion. To the two Jin and North and South Dynasties, paper writing prevailed. Before the Tang, the form of writing books is a scroll.

6, engraved printing in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, initially from the printing of calendars and Buddhist scriptures. Dunhuang found the vajra sutra is the most ancient printing objects found in China. Tang Five Dynasties, engraved printing began to scale. And gradually formed the official engraving, workshop engraving, private system parallel to the flourishing situation. Since then, engraved books have become an important work of successive dynasties. The Northern Song Renzong Bi Sheng invented the clay movable type edition. Both the Song and Yuan engraved books are extremely valuable.

7. The Yongle Dictionary and the Siku Quanshu are both handwritten books.

8. The evolution of Chinese books plays the function of cultural transmission and inheritance of Chinese characters in a unique traditional material form. The canonical form of Chinese characters has become an important symbol of Chinese culture.