What are some of the Western orchestral instruments? Preferably with a brief description. Requirements: complete.

I, the development of the trombone

In the development of the trombone, an ancient wind instrument, people initially found that the use of telescopic tubes can change the pitch of the tone, and therefore the combination of cup-shaped mouthpiece, telescopic tubes and bell invented the most primitive trombone. It is precisely because of the trombone's telescopic tube system that the trombone has taken a different path in its development from that of other wind instruments. In the process of evolution and development, not only has the trombone developed its own family series, but also with its unique method of sound, tone charm (the trombone has a wonderful tone, rich in the characteristics of the human voice and range. The sound played can be like the weak sound of a babbling brook, but also the strongest sound of a stormy, shocking sound, the contrast between the strong sound and the weak sound of the timbre is marvelous, amazing), easy to change the pitch of the playing characteristics and special playing techniques to lay down, form it in the modern classical symphony orchestra of other wind instruments irreplaceable sound, to keep it in the performance of chamber music, jazz and as more and more popular solo instruments in the world. It has maintained its position in chamber music, jazz and as an increasingly popular solo instrument on the music stage, attracting music lovers from generation to generation.

The trombone is the earliest of the brass instruments to be modeled and introduced into the orchestra, and it can be traced back to the 11th to 12th centuries, when there existed the ancient trombone, which we call the Sackbut. The ancient trombone was mainly used in choral music accompaniment in churches and courts (the old general scores were for vocal choruses and instruments***, with no indication of which instrument was playing or which chorus was singing, and often instrumental music and vocals were used in a mixed way). In the German music dictionary, the term "Posaunechor" can be directly translated as trombone chorus / ensemble, which also confirms the role and status of the trombone in church and court music. During the Renaissance (the second half of the 15th century and the 16th century), the trombone, with a structure similar to that of modern brass instruments, was introduced and used in orchestra performances. Especially in the Baroque period (the end of the 16th century to the 17th century), the unique Baroque trombone was widely used in orchestra performance. Nowadays, trombonists use baroque trombones when playing baroque music in European imitation classical bands or baroque classical bands (both small and medium-sized bands). In addition, almost all of the German and Austrian conservatories trombone students in the curriculum, arranged for the baroque trombone and classical orchestra or pipe organ cooperation in the learning program.

Second, the trombone family series

From the 15th century so far in the development of wind instruments, in order to adapt to the needs of music performance, the trombone is also like other brass instruments through the reform and development. For example, the trombone was categorized like a choral section: it was reformed and manufactured into the soprano trombone (bB - using soprano clef), the alto trombone (bE - using alto clef), the tenor trombone (bB - using alto, tenor, and bass clef), the bass trombone (bB), and the bass trombone (bB), and the bass trombone (bB).

The key of the instrument is C. The key of the trombone is C.

Applied clef: treble clef, not transposed notation.

Practical range: minor group B - minor group F.

Structural components: whistle (double reed), tube (including upper and lower sections and bell) and keys. Material used: the body is made of specially treated hardwood. Characteristics of the instrument: soft and soft tone, reed sound, suitable for the expression of idyllic scenery and melancholy lyrical mood. The oboe was first developed in the middle of the 17th century and was widely used in the 18th century. The oboe is often the main melody in the orchestra, is an excellent solo instrument, but also good at ensemble and accompaniment. In addition, it is also the tuning reference instrument in the symphony orchestra (the orchestra uses the oboe's small letter set of A notes to set the tone). Oboe tone with nasal-like reed sound, good at playing slow as a song tune, known as the "lyric soprano". Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake" in the melancholy and beautiful white swan theme is played by the oboe.

Instrumental key: B-flat. Applied clef: soprano clef, transposed two degrees higher notation.

Useful range: small letter group D-small letter group III F.

Structural components: reed head (single reed), small barrel, main body tube (two sections), bell, and mechanical key system. Materials used: general type: hard rubber, ABS plastic, phenolic resin, etc.; professional type: ebony, rosewood, mahogany or plexiglass with special treatment.

Instrument characteristics: the treble clef is loud and clear; the middle register is rich in expression, pure tone, clear and beautiful; the bass register is low, thick and full, is the most widely used instrument in the woodwind family. The clarinet, also known as the "black pipe", is a reed instrument with a wide range of sound. Its roots can be traced back to horns and bagpipes, and it is generally believed to have evolved from the reed flute, a single reed instrument similar to the harp. The modern clarinet was invented by the German flute maker Johann Danner in 1690, and has been repeatedly improved since then, finally being finalized by the German flutist Theobald Boehm. In addition to the B-flat key, the clarinet is commonly used as a small clarinet in E-flat and an alto clarinet with the range extended downward, a basset clarinet, a bass clarinet, and a lowest clarinet. Traditionally, clarinets were made of wood, and elaborate clarinets were once made of ivory, but today they are commonly made of plastic. The performance of the clarinet is very flexible, and can easily play long notes sweeping through multiple scales, and is known for its ability to play continuous arpeggios, which make it very expressive for solo performance. Mozart was the first composer to use the clarinet in his symphonies, finding it the closest instrument to the human voice.

History of the phoenix violin

The phoenix violin is derived from the Japanese Taisho violin,

Reformed phoenix violin in many shapes and sizes.

Phoenix qin: Also known as "Taisho qin". It is said to be a musical instrument created by Morita Goro, a native of Nagoya, Japan, during the Taisho era. The instrument is also known as the "popular instrument", "peace instrument", "entertainment instrument", "Nakayama instrument", and "victory instrument" in China due to the different popularity of the regions.

The phoenix qin is simple in construction, easy to play, and has a clear, bright tone, which can be used for solo, ensemble, or as an accompaniment to songs and dances, and is especially suitable for general folk entertainment and singing.

China's production of phoenix qin has a history of more than 50 years. The varieties of phoenix zither are divided into four kinds of four-string, five-string, six-string and seven-string by the number of strings, and there are many kinds of styles from the appearance, such as rectangle, battleship shape, covered and uncovered. After the reform of the new varieties of less material with a narrow head (does not affect the sound of the piano ****) type, swallow-tail type, wind head type and guitar type, etc., novel shape, colorful, bright pronunciation, fine craftsmanship.

The structure of the phoenix zither

The phoenix zither consists of the body, the cutting board, the key board, the keys, the axle and the strings, etc. The phoenix zither is made up of the body, the cutting board, the key board, the keys, the axle and the strings.

The phoenix violin consists of a body, a cutting board, a key board, a key, an axle and strings.

The body of the instrument is a flat rectangular *** sound box, which is made of a glued panel, a frame plate and a bottom plate. The left is the headstock and the right is the tailstock. There is a round sound hole in the center of the tail of the panel, and inside the head of the body there is hardwood glued to install the string axle, and inside the cavity there are wooden strips and columns glued to support the frame plate and the horse. The bottom of the body is fitted with four feet.

The cutting board is a strip of wood glued across the center of the panel, which controls the vibration of strings of different lengths when the keys are pressed, and the left end of the cutting board is embedded with a mountain pass for supporting the strings. The left end of the cutting board is embedded with a mountain pass to support the strings. Some instruments also have metal sound products set in the cutting board.

The keyboard is a wooden board for installing keys, the surface of which is mostly used for the decoration of the instrument, and is also coated with a beautiful trademark pattern, and the bottom surface of which is equipped with a grooved board for putting the key rods and a spring for hooking the key rods.

The keys include the keyposts and the key knobs, which are stamped and molded from sheet metal, with the names of the sounds inlaid on each key knob, or made of plastic. There are generally 23 or 24 keys in two rows side by side, the same as the black and white keys of a piano, one row being the basic keys and the other the chromatic keys.

The string shaft is similar to the string pegs of the dulcimer, made of thin iron bars smashed and threaded by rolling, and installed at the head of the piano to play the role of good tuning.

The strings range from 4 to 7, all of which are made of steel wire, except for the inner one which is wound (for low octave harmony), and the rest of the strings are made of 32-gauge fine steel wire. At the end of the instrument, there is a horse for supporting the strings and a hook plate for controlling the strings. The instrument is equipped with a key for turning the string spindle and a plucking plate for plucking the strings.

Purchasing a Phoenix Violin

The quality Phoenix violin is not only accurate in scale and good in tone,

but the materials and workmanship are also quite elaborate.

The conditions for a good quality phoenix qin:

1) The requirement of accurate scales, loud sound and clear tone.

2) In terms of materials and craftsmanship:

The wood used as the body of the instrument, after drying, straight grain sycamore wood or pine is good, the bottom plate can also use three layers of plywood.

The body of the instrument must be tightly glued, the surface is smooth, the corners are rounded, the shape is correct, and there is no distortion when it is placed on the table.

The headjoint is the most important part of a woodwind instrument, and the headjoint directly affects the sound of the instrument. Because of this importance, some people keep changing their recorders and spend more time adapting to the new headjoint than practicing. On the other hand, there are those who are afraid of changing their recorder and use only one headjoint all the time. Neither of these extremes is actually a good thing. You should experiment with different heads, and you can make better choices, but you shouldn't spend too much time choosing a headjoint.

When you buy a new instrument, it comes with a headjoint, so I usually recommend that you change to a better headjoint and learn to play it early. If you don't have a teacher to advise you, it's okay to use the headjoint first (but the headjoint should be a small one, otherwise it's better to buy a new one), and then pick a suitable headjoint when you're able to tell the difference between a good headjoint and a bad headjoint. The question of what makes a headjoint suitable will be discussed later. Headjoint Design

The various internal and external designs of the headjoint have a significant impact on the tone of the instrument. Understanding the impact of these designs can help in choosing a headjoint. Since the inconsistency in the translation of terms can cause problems in reading foreign information, most of the terms used in this article are in English, unless there is a Chinese term that is the same as the one used in this article, in which case the term will be indicated.

1. Facing

Facing refers to the surface where the bamboo piece touches the headjoint. As shown in the diagram, there are two important indicators of the facing: the opening size and the opening length. the front of the facing dominates the distance between the bamboo blade and the tip of the headjoint (tip), and is called the tip opening. The distance from the tip to the beginning of the curve of the facing is called the length of the facing. a headjoint with a long facing is more variable, but requires more bite, a shallower bite, and a thinner blade, which is less favorable to the treble. a headjoint with a short facing is less variable, has a thinner tone and a more explosive bass, which is easier to play, but with fewer changes. A headjoint with a large opening is usually fitted with thin slices of bamboo, which makes it less easy to produce a soft sound and makes the sound thicker and louder. Small openings are usually matched with thicker bamboo blades, the sound is more delicate, and the high notes are sharper.

2. Baffle

The space between the bamboo blade and the back of the headjoint is called the baffle, and it is the first place where the vibration of the bamboo blade takes place. If the baffle is too big, the reflected sound waves will interfere with the vibrating sound waves of the bamboo blade, causing noise and roughness in the sound. A Baffle that is too small will not reflect enough, and the sound will be dull and not powerful enough, and it will also be harder to blow.

3. Tip Rail

The tip rail at the front of the headjoint is called the Tip Rail. A wide Tip Rail is conservative, easy to play, but not very varied, with less high frequency in the sound. The narrower Tip Rail is more dangerous and is prone to beeping. The position of the bamboo piece needs to be very accurate, because the Tip Rail is too narrow, there is not much room to go up and down, and it is quite difficult to control. This headjoint is suitable for players who like sharp tones, and also for players who like to beep inadvertently during their playing. In short, it takes someone with considerable experience to control a narrow headjoint.

4. Chamber

The chamber is the space inside the headstock, which is the most important part of the **** sound. A well-designed chamber can sound good with any reasonable amount of fretting, and the sound of a headjoint with a small chamber is direct and louder than that of a large chamber, with a sharp tone. A chamber with a flat interior retains more high-frequency sound, while a head with a curved interior has a more mellow sound. There are so many different shapes of chamber that it's hard to generalize which one has what effect, so it's up to the user to try it out and see for themselves what the differences are.

Instrument key: C sharp. The key of the instrument is C. The clef: treble clef, not shifted an octave below the key of the instrument.

Practical range: small letter 2 group C - small letter 5 group C. Material: ordinary type: seamless nickel-silver tube, professional type: hard real silver.

Instrument characteristics: range is one octave higher than the flute, can reach the highest limit of the orchestra, sharp and transparent tone, homophonic area is not as rich as the flute, is a decorative instrument, seldom solo, used in orchestras and marching bands. The piccolo is a variant of the flute, and is the instrument with the highest range in the symphony orchestra, usually played by the second flutist. Due to the sharp tone, rich in penetrating, restrained, prudent use of the entire orchestra can make the sound of music more loud, powerful and brilliant. Often used to show victory, triumph, enthusiastic dance or depiction of the storm in the wind whistling and so on.